A Climate Solution? The Wisdom Passed Down Through Generations | Louise Mabulo | TED

譯者: Marian Lee 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

When I was a little girl, my parents would take me outside

在我還小的時候，

父母會帶我出去，

and show me all the incredible ways

告訴我他們如何用各種好方法

that they would take care of our land to produce good food.

照顧我們的土地，生產美味的食物。

And I would begrudgingly follow them out

我會不情願地跟著他們出去，

and listen to the stories that they had to say.

聽他們說故事。

And their pieces of advice would range from totally rational and practical

他們的建議有完全合理和實用的，

to absolutely bizarre.

也有很奇怪的。

For example, my grandfather would say,

例如，祖父會說：

"Hey Louise, if you want to plant good root crops this season,

「嘿路易絲，如果想在這個季節 種好根莖類作物，

what you should do is plant some rocks underneath your sweet potatoes."

就應該在地瓜下面放一些石頭。」

And I would look at him and be like,

我會看著他說：

“OK, Grandpa, sure. I totally believe you.”

「好吧爺爺。我相信你。」

And my grandmother would say,

而祖母會說：

"OK, to have the best harvest of fruits from the fruit-bearing trees this season,

「為了在這個季節從果樹 獲得最好的收成，

you want to be able to plant according to lunar cycles.

你得根據月相種植。

You want to plan towards the full moon and never towards a new moon."

你要針對滿月做計劃，而非新月。」

And I would look at her and say, "What?"

然後我會看著她說：「什麼？」

And my dad, most bizarrely of all,

而我爸最奇怪，

would say, "If you want to sift rice or cocoa nibs to get rid of all the dust,

他會說：「如果你想篩掉米粒 或可可粒上的灰塵，

the best thing that you can do is to whistle a certain tone

最好的方法是吹特別的 口哨來控制風。」

to harness the wind."

And I'd be like, "Dad, like airbending?"

我會問：「爸，就像 《降世神通》一樣嗎？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"OK, sure."

「好」

So as I grew up, I would ask them,

長大後我問他們：

"Why? Why do we do all these weird, strange things," right?

「為什麼？為什麼我們要做 這些怪異的事？」

And my relatives and my family would come up to me and be like,

親戚和家人會走到我身邊說：

"Louise, here's the thing.

「路易絲，是這樣的，

Your grandparents are kind of crazy. So this is just traditions.

你祖父母有點瘋狂， 這只是傳統而已。

You don't have to think about it. It's fine."

不用想這麼多沒關係。」

But my work has put me at the frontlines of the climate crisis,

但我的工作把我推到 氣候危機的前線，

working with communities and farmers to build resilient agroforests

我和社區、農民合作， 建立具有韌性的農林，

that really react best

這些森林在應對超強颱風時 擁有較佳的復原能力。

to the intense super typhoons that we experience.

I established an initiative called the Cacao Project,

我建立了一項倡議 名為《可可計畫》，

which works to build these resilient agroforests

旨在建造具有韌性的農林，

and work closely with farmers

並與農民密切合作，

to understand how we could best steward our ecosystems and landscapes.

去了解生態系統和景觀 的最佳管理方式。

And over the years, I've been able to really do my best dream job,

多年來，我一直做著 夢寐以求的工作，

which is make chocolates for restoration.

就是製作用於修復森林的巧克力。

And I have the best job, I know.

我知道這是最好的工作，

I get to eat chocolates, talk to farmers,

我可以吃巧克力，和農民交流，

live on the land and have such a good life.

生活在土地上， 過著如此美好的生活。

And we look at the ways

我們研究

that we can marry practical, traditional knowledge techniques

如何將實用的傳統知識技術

with modern science and know-how,

與現代科學專業結合，

so that we could really put a spotlight

這樣我們就能真正聚焦於

on those simple, practical solutions that react effectively to climate change.

那些簡單實用的解決方案， 並能夠有效應對氣候變遷。

Now over the years I’ve trained with farmers,

這些年來，我和農民一起受訓，

and we make sure that learning is a two-way street

我們確保學習是雙向的。

where we listen to the stories that they have to say,

我們會傾聽他們的故事，

but also be able to teach them regeneration.

同時也能教導他們復育。

So very simple concepts,

許多很簡單的概念，

like putting more carbon back in the soil than we take from it,

像是將碳放回土壤的量要高於碳排放，

or maybe planting the crops that are suited to our ecosystems

或是種植適合我們生態系統 和景觀的作物。

and our landscapes.

And even propagating the life

甚至是宣傳能夠強化 森林和樹木的生活方式。

that strengthens our forests and our trees.

And as I was talking to these farmers,

和這些農民交流時，

these crazy stories started resurfacing,

過去的瘋狂故事重新浮現。

and I said, "OK, hang on, hang on. Maybe they're on to something here."

我說：「好，等等，等一下。 也許他們真的知道些什麼。」

So together with our farmers, we started kind of trying it out.

所以我們和農民開始一起嘗試。

OK, let's plant some rocks here and see what happens.

那我們在這裡放些石頭， 看看會發生什麼事。

OK, let's plant according to the lunar cycles.

好，那我們就依照月相種植。

And for some reason, every single time that we would do that,

出於某種原因， 每一次我們這樣做

it would work.

都有效果。

When we plant rocks under sweet potatoes,

我們在地瓜下面放置石頭時，

they were better, sweeter, just more delicious.

地瓜長得更好， 吃起來更甜更好吃。

Every time we planted according to lunar cycles,

每次我們根據月相種植時，

we'd have delicious harvests.

我們都會有美味的收成。

And I thought, maybe, what if all of these weird stories

然後我想， 如果所有這些奇怪的故事

are just kind of decades of peer review

就像是數十年的同儕審查，

that has passed down from grandmother to grandson,

由祖母傳承給孫子，

from father to daughter,

父親傳給女兒，

in the ways that they best knew how?

用他們最了解的方式傳承。

And maybe Grandma wasn't so crazy after all.

或許祖母其實一點都不瘋。

So I quickly learned that lunar cycles

所以我很快學到月相

were actually tied to insect flight activity and reproduction

實際上與昆蟲飛行和繁殖有關，

that made better pollinators, so more fruits.

能吸引更好的授粉者， 而長出更多果實。

It was tied to irrigation and water patterns.

月相和灌溉和水的型態有關。

And I thought, wow, that is so cool.

我覺得，哇，太酷了。

So my grandmother had a point. I digress.

所以祖母說得很有道理， 我偏題了。

It turns out planting rocks under root crops,

事實證明在根莖類作物 下方放置石頭，

it meant that you were just actually making better drainage,

可以改善排水能力，

but also it was creating this inviting ecosystem

同時打造宜人的生態系統，

for worms and little creatures to live under.

讓蟲和小生物生存，

And they were just natural fertilizers.

它們都是天然肥料。

So, awesome, Granddad was right.

太好了，祖父是對的。

And whistling for wind,

而吹口哨控制風，

well ...

嗯......

I wish I could give you a scientific explanation.

如果有科學解釋就好了。

I have no idea how that works, but every time I ask my dad,

我不知道這背後的原理， 但每當我問爸爸：

“Can you bring me out to a field and whistle?”

「你能帶我到田裡吹口哨嗎？」

a light breeze would always seem to blow.

似乎總是吹著微風。

And it was magic. I was like, what is this sorcery?

很神奇，我想： 「這是什麼魔法？」

So what if all of these invisible pieces of knowledge

如果所有這些隱形的知識

are actually keys to how we can best curate

其實都是讓我們能 最佳管理土地的關鍵，

our stewardship to our landscapes,

how we could best create resilience in our ecosystems and forests

是因應氣候變遷打造韌性 生態系統和森林的關鍵。

to react better to climate change.

And all of this knowledge exists

所有的這些知識都存在於 各個國家、社區，

in countries and communities, and traditions and stories

以及我們家庭中的傳統和故事。

within our families.

And as a young person who works in the environmental field,

身為在環境領域工作的年輕人，

I think it is so cool to have that kind of responsibility

我認為很酷的是，我們有責任

to carry this knowledge on to the next generation,

將這些知識傳承給下一代，

to transfer this information over into our modern age

將這些資訊傳遞給現代人，

and be able to articulate why they work.

並能說明背後的原理。

Because maybe the solutions to our climate crisis,

因為解決我們氣候危機的方法，

maybe the next big fix-all,

及下個重要的萬靈丹，

isn't just this one big, amazing, sparkling solution.

可能不是一個遠大、令人驚嘆、 耀眼的解決方案。

Maybe it exists in the soils under our feet.

也許就存在於腳下的土壤中，

Maybe it’s in the wind that blows in the air

也許它就在吹拂空氣的風中，

or the sunlight that beats down on us.

或照射在我們身上的陽光。

Or maybe it exists in the crazy, wild stories of our grandmothers.

又或許存在於我們祖母 瘋狂、沒有根據的故事中。

And it is such an honor to think that maybe these amazing solutions

這是莫大的榮幸，當我意識到 這些令人驚嘆的解決方案

are actually an opportunity for us to build something

其實是一個機會，讓我們建造

並運用來自社區、家庭、景觀，

that embodies the wisdom of our communities, of our families

and of our landscapes over years and generations.

世世代代蘊含的智慧。

And as a young person carrying that on,

身為抱持這項信念的年輕人，

I think, wow, we have some exciting magic in our planet to offer,

我想，哇，地球有一些 令人興奮的魔力，

and hopefully we can harness that power

希望我們能利用這股力量、

and all this sorcery and secret bits of knowledge

所有這些魔法和秘密知識，

to do something really great with it in different parts of the world

在世界的不同地方 做出一些真正偉大的事情

that curate our stewardship to our planet.

對地球盡責。

With that, thank you.

以上是我的分享，謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）