The Surprising Climate Benefits of Sharing Your Stuff | Tessa Clarke | TED

翻译人员: Sue Lu 校对人员: Carol Wang

Tessa Clarke: So it turns out there’s a super simple solution

泰莎·克拉克(Tessa Clarke)： 事实证明，有一个超级简单的解决方式

to the climate crisis.

可以应对气候危机。

Do you want to know what it is?

你们想知道是什么方式吗？

Audience: Yes.

观众：是的。

TC: Good. I was hoping you would say that.

TC：很好，我正希望你们这么回答呢。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

All too often, the climate crisis is illustrated with images of polar bears,

很多时候，气候危机以北极熊、

of wildfires and of floods,

森林大火和洪水的图片来举例说明。

while the headlines talk about government negotiations

当报纸头版头条谈论关于政府谈判

and net zero targets,

和净零目标时，

which makes it all feel so far removed from us.

我们会觉得那一切与我们没多大关系。

But there's something we're not being told,

但有一个事实我们并不清楚，

and it's that 65% of all greenhouse gas emissions

那就是 65% 的温室气体排放量

are generated as a direct result of household consumption.

直接产生于家庭生活消耗。

So that's you.

也就是说，那直接来源于你，

And that's me.

也来源于我。

What this means is we have enormous power to solve the climate crisis.

这同时也意味着我们拥有 极大的能力来解决气候危机。

And one of the simplest and most effective ways in which we can do this

我们能采用的一个 最简单且最有效的方法，

is to do something that humans have been doing for thousands of years,

就是做一件人类已做了几千年的，

but then in modern life, we've largely forgotten.

但今天我们差不多忘记了的事情。

Put simply, it's to share more

简单说，就是多分享、

and waste less.

少浪费。

Let's take food, for example.

让我们以食物为例来看看。

Globally, one third of all the food we produce each year

全球每年生产的食物有三分之一

gets thrown away,

都被扔掉了，

which is worth over a trillion US dollars.

其价值超过一万亿美元。

And the environmental impact of this is nothing short of devastating.

这对环境的影响几乎是毁灭性的。

If it were to be a country,

如果把它当作是一个国家，

food waste would be the third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions

食物浪费是继美国和中国之后 温室气体排放的第三大源头。

after the USA and China.

That's because a landmass larger than China

那是因为比中国面积还大的土地

is used every single year to grow food that's never eaten.

每一年都被用来种植浪费掉的食物，

That includes land that has been deforested,

那包括砍伐森林开辟出的耕地、

soil that has been degraded,

遭受退化的土壤、

species that have been driven to extinction.

受到伤害濒临灭绝的物种，

It also includes all the packaging and manufacturing,

它还包括所有包装和制造业、

refrigeration and distribution, too.

还有冷藏和配送。

And when a third of that food gets thrown away,

当三分之一的食物被扔掉时，

most of it ends up in landfill

大部分最终进入垃圾填埋场， 并在那里产生甲烷，

where it creates methane,

which is over 25 times more deadly than carbon dioxide.

其致死率是二氧化碳的 25 倍以上。

The environmental impact of food waste is so devastating

食物浪费对环境毁灭性的伤害，

that Project Drawdown, which is a collaborative piece of work

最近引发了“减少温室气体排放” 项目中协同工作的

by several hundred of the world's leading climate change scientists,

几百位世界领先气候变化科学家

recently identified reducing food waste

一致发声，确认减少食物浪费

as the number one most powerful lever

是位居第一的、

that humanity has to solve the climate crisis.

解决气候危机的最强大杠杆，

Coming above electric cars, above solar power

超过电动汽车、太阳能、

and above a plant-based diet.

以及植物性饮食。

To put all of this into a context that's a little bit closer to home,

为了更好地理解这一切， 让我们就近看看身边的例子——

the carbon emissions from just one kilogram of food waste.

浪费一公斤食物所产生的碳排放量。

Let's imagine your food waste caddy,

想象一下你的食物垃圾箱，

for example,

打比方哈，

is equivalent to the carbon emissions

它会产生多少碳排放量呢？

from landfilling how many plastic bottles do you think?

相当于垃圾填埋场里的多少个塑料瓶呢？

One?

1 个？

50? 100?

50 个 ？100 个？

No.

都不对。

25,000 plastic bottles.

是 2.5 万个塑料瓶 。

So where does all this food waste take place?

那么，这些食物浪费 产生在哪个环节呢？

Surprisingly enough, it's not at a retail store level.

意想不到吧，并非是在零售环节。

In a country such as the UK,

在英国这样的国家，

which is typical of much of the Western world,

一个西方世界发达国家的典型，

half of all food waste takes place in the home,

其一半的食物浪费产生在消费者家里，

which means that we, each and every one of us,

就是说，产生在我们每个人的家里，

we are half of this enormous problem.

我们就是这个巨大的问题的一半。

On the one hand, that's pretty depressing.

一方面，这的确令人很沮丧，

But if you flip it on its head, it can be incredibly exciting, too,

但如果你把问题翻个面看， 这也非常令人兴奋，

because it means we don't have to wait for governments or businesses.

因为我们不用等着政府或企业插手，

We can be half the solution.

我们自己就是一半的解决方案。

I grew up on a farm where food waste was pretty much a crime

我在农场长大， 我们那儿视食物浪费为罪过，

and where sharing was second nature,

而分享则是我们的第二天性 ——

from a glut of marrows to hand-me-down clothes,

从分享吃不完的西葫芦瓜 到接穿二手衣服，

from a pony to a tractor.

从互借小马到拖拉机等等。

But in modern life, we've largely forgotten how to share.

但现代生活令我们几乎忘掉如何分享。

That's because we all live in our little boxes

我们住在自己狭小的格子间里，

stacked on top of one another, beside one another.

与摩天大楼里其它格子间的左邻右舍

We're no longer connected to our local community.

咫尺天涯，老死不相往来。

And so we no longer have anyone to share with.

与社区脱节，导致无人可分享。

That's why, along with my cofounder,

这就是为什么，我和我的合伙人，

we created Olio.

我们一起创办了 Olio 。

Olio is an app that connects people with their local community

Olio 是一个连接居民 和其当地社区的应用程序，

so they can give away rather than throw away their spare food.

人们可以用它来把多余的 本来要扔掉的食物转送给他人，

How it works is really easy.

它的操作很容易。

Let's imagine you're going away for the weekend

比如说，你周末要外出，

or you've overcatered for a party.

或者你为聚会准备了太多的食物，

Or perhaps your toddler's favorite food yesterday

或者你的小孩昨天超喜欢的食物

is their most hated food today.

今天却变成了他最不想吃的。

(Laughs)

（笑声）

I think you've been there.

你一定经历过这些吧。

How it works is you just snap a photo of your food and add it to the app.

具体操作就是 你给食物拍张照上传到 Olio ,

People living nearby get an alert.

住在附近的居民就会得到提示信号。

They can browse the listings,

大家可以浏览食物列表，

request what they want and pop round to pick it up.

选择他们想要的， 下单，然后上门取物。

Now you might be thinking, who on earth would want my spare food?

你现在大概在想， 谁会真的想要我剩下的食物？

But there is no shortage of demand.

实际上需求非常大，

The average listing is requested in less than 25 minutes.

平均 25 分钟不到 登出的食物就被下单要走了。

And it's in response to this demand

为了尽可能满足这些需求，

that we now also work with businesses

我们现在也与商界合作，

such as supermarkets, restaurants, cafes and canteens.

比如超市、餐馆、咖啡店、餐厅。

This is powered by 60,000 trained volunteers

Olio 有 6 万名受过培训的志愿者，

who are members of our community,

他们都是我们社区的成员，

who on their allotted time and day,

平时轮流值班，

they pop out of their house and they cross the street.

走出家门跨过马路，

They go to the store and they collect all of the unsold food.

到对面的店铺 去收集没卖完的食品，

They take it home.

把它们拿回家，

They add it to the app.

然后登在 Olio 上。

Within minutes, people living nearby are requesting it

几分钟内，附近的居民就开始下单了；

and minutes later they're popping round

几分钟后，他们就出门

and picking it up,

到分发的人家那取货了。

taking that food from having been considered waste in the store

这些食品本来会被商店扔掉的，

to instead, on average, in just two hours being fully redistributed

现在，平均两小时内，

它们就会被全部分送给 当地社区的若干家庭。

into multiple homes in the local community.

This now enables businesses to have zero food waste locations.

这样，商店就不会再浪费任何食物了。

And our aim is that any business anywhere in the world

我们的目标就是帮助 世界各地的商店加入 Olio ，

can come onto the platform and organize for their food to be redistributed

然后利用这个平台把剩余食物

in their local community in minutes.

在几分钟内重新派送给当地社区，

So that perfectly good food is given away, not thrown away.

这样，完好的食物得以 充分利用，而不是扔掉。

We launched in North London in 2015,

2015 年，我们在伦敦北区创办 Olio。

and since then, over 6 million people from all around the world have joined us.

至今，全球有超过 6 百万人加入我们，

And together they have shared 66 million portions of food.

总共分享了 6 千 6 百万份食物。

This has had an environmental impact

这对环境保护的效应相当于

equivalent to taking 200 million car miles off the road

少开了 2 亿 英里的车，

and has also saved over 10 billion liters of water

而且还省了超过 100 亿升的水，

because food production is incredibly water-intensive.

因为生产食品非常非常耗水。

But what's most exciting is we are doing a tiny fraction of our full potential.

更令人振奋的是，我们目前做的 只是我们将能做到的极小一部分。

Just imagine the impact we can have

想象一下我们将能产生的巨大效应——

as we get millions and millions more people sharing.

如果我们能让千百万的 人们一起来分享。

Now, whilst the environmental impact of food sharing might seem quite obvious,

分享食物对环境的积极效应显而易见，

what's less obvious, but no less powerful

但还有一种效应， 同样意义深远却不易为人察觉，

is the social impact of sharing.

那就是社会效应。

Not only does it feel amazing to give away something that you don't want

把不想要的东西送给需要的人，

to someone who would like it,

不仅会让你感觉很棒，

sharing also creates connection

这种分享也有助于 创造人们之间的相互联系，

and strengthens community.

从而强化我们的社区感。

Over 40% of our users tell us that they have made friends through the app

超过 40% 的 Olio 用户说 他们通过这个平台交到了朋友，

and 66% say that it has improved their well-being.

66% 的用户说平台帮助 改善了他们的身心健康。

And every day we hear countless heartwarming stories,

每天我们都听到无数暖心的故事，

in particular during COVID and the cost of living crisis,

特别是新冠疫情和生活成本危机期间，

which reinforces the power

那些故事再次证明了平凡小事

that doing something so simple as sharing your spare can have.

如分享剩余食物，也能产生巨大的效应。

The power of sharing can be applied to so much more

分享食物所带来的效应 可以惠及许多方面，

than just solving our food waste problem, though.

不仅是解决食物浪费问题，

It can also help solve our overconsumption problem more broadly,

它还可以更广泛地 帮助解决过度消费问题，

which is best exemplified by Earth Overshoot Day.

地球透支日就是 过度消费最好的例子。

Earth Overshoot Day is the day in the year

地球透支日是一年中的某一日，

in which humanity has used all the resources

那一日人类已经用完了 地球一年所能补充的

that the Earth can replenish in a year.

所有资源。

Back in 1971, Earth Overshoot Day was the 25th of December.

1971 年，地球透支日 是 12 月 25 日。

What this means is that we used in a year what the Earth could replenish in a year.

就是说，我们是在年底用完 地球那一年所能再生的资源的。

We were living in equilibrium with the planet.

那时，我们仍与地球平衡共存。

Fast-forward to today.

快进到今天，

2022.

2022 年，

Earth Overshoot Day was the 28th of July.

地球透支日提早到了 7 月 28 日。

What this means is that every single thing

就是说，近 80 亿的人类—— 包括我们每一个人，

that every single one of us, almost 8 billion people,

在 7 月 28 日之后，

are consuming after the 28th of July

消费任何物品，

is net-net depletive to the planet.

都是在榨干地球， 伤害自然生态平衡。

Another way of looking at it

换个方式看这问题，

is that collectively right now we're living as if we have 1.75 planets,

我们大家现在的活法就像是 我们拥有 1.75 个地球及其资源，

which clearly we don't.

显然那是妄想。

It appears that we are shopping ourselves to extinction.

我们现在做的就是在妄想中 极度消费直至毁灭为止，

And this has to stop.

是悬崖勒马的时候了。

Where most people think about playing their part

多数人以为尽一份力改变现状

and living more sustainably,

从而过一份可持续的生活，

the first thing that tends to come to mind is recycling.

首先要做的就是废物回收利用。

But given our relentless rate of resource consumption,

但鉴于我们无节制的资源消费，

we clearly cannot recycle our way out of this mess.

回收利用显然无法带我们走出困境。

What we need instead is a brand new model of consumption.

我们最需要的是一种新型消费，

One where all of our stuff goes from being useless to useful.

可以令所有的物品从无用变为有用。

From “who would want this?”

从“谁会想要这个？”

to “I would love that.”

到“我想要。”

From getting to giving,

从获得到赠送、

from buying to borrowing,

从购买到借用、

from despair to hope.

从绝望到希望。

Sharing instead of shopping needs to become the default.

我们应该养成分享的习惯，尽量少买。

That's why we've extended beyond just food sharing

因此 Olio 现在已经扩展到 不只是分享食物，

and our community can now also give away unwanted household items

我们的社区还可以 利用平台送出多余的家庭用品

such as toiletries, cleaning products,

如洗漱用具、清洁用品、

kitchen appliances, books, clothes and toys.

厨具、书本、衣服和玩具。

And they can also lend and borrow things instead of buying brand new as well.

人们也可以互借物品，不用买全新的。

Because let's face it, we don't all need our own air mattress or cat carrier

其实，我们哪会需要 每天用气垫床、或猫笼、

or disco ball or even, dare I say it, popcorn maker.

或迪斯科球灯，甚至， 我敢说，爆米花机也用不着每天使。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It gives me enormous hope to know

这给了我无尽的希望，知道我们

that we are part of a broader global movement

是全球共享经济运动的一部分，

of real sharing economy companies that are springing up all over the world,

和其它雨后春笋般 涌现出的共享经济公司一起，

connecting communities to share everything from clothing to cars.

连接无数社区，帮助人们分享一切， 从衣服到小汽车。

And we're all united by this simple belief.

这个简单的理念将我们团结在一起，

That the status quo has to change.

那就是，现状必须改变。

And with businesses and governments doing so criminally little

在企业和政府极其失职，

to solve the climate crisis,

几乎对气候危机袖手旁观的情况下，

we have set ourselves an enormous ambition.

我们为自己设下了一个雄心勃勃的目标：

We want 1 billion people to be consuming via Olio by 2030.

我们希望到 2030 年， 有 10 亿人通过 Olio 平台消费。

Because contrary to popular narrative,

与流行的说法相反，

what we do as individuals does count.

作为个体我们每个人 所做的一切也会产生重要影响。

After all, it was billions of small actions

毕竟，正是当初 成千上万的微小行动的累积

that caused the climate crisis in the first place.

导致了今天的气候危机。

And so surely, by the same logic,

所以，套用同样的逻辑，

billions of small actions can help get us out of it.

今天成千上万的微小行动 也应该能够帮我们走出困境。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）