The Surprising Climate Benefits of Sharing Your Stuff | Tessa Clarke | TED

譯者: 麗玲 辛 審譯者: Helen Chang

Tessa Clarke: So it turns out there’s a super simple solution

泰莎·克拉克：事實證明， 氣候危機有一個超級簡單的解決方案。

to the climate crisis.

Do you want to know what it is?

想知道是什麽方法嗎？

Audience: Yes.

觀眾：想。

TC: Good. I was hoping you would say that.

TC: 太好了， 就等著你們這麼說呢！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

All too often, the climate crisis is illustrated with images of polar bears,

說明氣候危機時，我們常使用北極熊、

of wildfires and of floods,

野火和洪水的圖像，

while the headlines talk about government negotiations

頭條新聞則談論政府談判和淨零目標，

and net zero targets,

which makes it all feel so far removed from us.

這讓我們錯覺這一切離我們很遙遠。

But there's something we're not being told,

但是沒有人告訴我們

and it's that 65% of all greenhouse gas emissions

那就是 65% 的溫室氣體排放

are generated as a direct result of household consumption.

是由家庭消費直接產生的。

So that's you.

也就是說，這源自於你，

And that's me.

和我。

What this means is we have enormous power to solve the climate crisis.

這意味著我們擁有 解決氣候危機的巨大力量。

And one of the simplest and most effective ways in which we can do this

其中最簡單最有效的方法，

is to do something that humans have been doing for thousands of years,

是人類千年以來一直在做的事，

but then in modern life, we've largely forgotten.

在現代生活中，我們卻快忘了。

Put simply, it's to share more

簡單來說，就是多分享、少浪費。

and waste less.

Let's take food, for example.

就拿食物來說，

Globally, one third of all the food we produce each year

全球生產的糧食有三分之一被浪費，

gets thrown away,

which is worth over a trillion US dollars.

這些被浪費的糧食價值超過一兆美元。

And the environmental impact of this is nothing short of devastating.

這對環境的影響幾乎是毀滅性的。

If it were to be a country,

如果換成是個國家，

food waste would be the third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions

食物垃圾將是第三大溫室氣體排放源，

after the USA and China.

僅次於美國和中國。

That's because a landmass larger than China

那是因為每年都用比中國還大的土地

is used every single year to grow food that's never eaten.

來種植從未被食用的食物。

That includes land that has been deforested,

這包括森林被砍伐的土地、

soil that has been degraded,

退化的土壤、被迫滅絕的物種，

species that have been driven to extinction.

It also includes all the packaging and manufacturing,

還要包括包裝、加工、冷藏和配送。

refrigeration and distribution, too.

And when a third of that food gets thrown away,

此外，當三分之一的食物被扔掉時，

most of it ends up in landfill

大部分最後會進到垃圾掩埋場，

where it creates methane,

在那裡產生甲烷，

which is over 25 times more deadly than carbon dioxide.

其致命性是二氧化碳的 25 倍以上。

The environmental impact of food waste is so devastating

食物浪費對環境有如此毀滅性的影響，

that Project Drawdown, which is a collaborative piece of work

因此，由數百名世界一流的 氣候變化科學家

by several hundred of the world's leading climate change scientists,

合作推展的「減少溫室氣體排放」計畫

recently identified reducing food waste

近期指出，減少食物浪費

as the number one most powerful lever

是人類解決氣候問題 最有效的方法。

that humanity has to solve the climate crisis.

Coming above electric cars, above solar power

比電動汽車、太陽能，

and above a plant-based diet.

素食都還有效。

To put all of this into a context that's a little bit closer to home,

為了更理解這點，我們就近來看個例子，

the carbon emissions from just one kilogram of food waste.

一公斤食物垃圾產生的碳排放量。

Let's imagine your food waste caddy,

比方說，想像一下你家的廚餘垃圾桶，

for example,

is equivalent to the carbon emissions

掩埋後，它會產生多少碳排放量？

from landfilling how many plastic bottles do you think?

相當於多少個塑膠瓶？

One?

一個？

50? 100?

50？ 100？

No.

不。

25,000 plastic bottles.

二萬五千個塑膠瓶。

So where does all this food waste take place?

那麼，這些食物浪費 產生在那個環節呢？

Surprisingly enough, it's not at a retail store level.

令人驚訝的是，並不是在零售環節。

In a country such as the UK,

在像英國這樣的典型西方國家中，

which is typical of much of the Western world,

half of all food waste takes place in the home,

一半的食物浪費發生在家庭中，

which means that we, each and every one of us,

這意味著我們每個人 造成這個龐大問題的一半。

we are half of this enormous problem.

On the one hand, that's pretty depressing.

一方面，這令人非常沮喪。

But if you flip it on its head, it can be incredibly exciting, too,

但如果你反過來看，這也十分振奮，

because it means we don't have to wait for governments or businesses.

因為這代表我們不必等著政府或企業。

We can be half the solution.

我們自己就可以解決一半的問題。

I grew up on a farm where food waste was pretty much a crime

我在農場長大，在那裡 浪費食物幾乎是種罪過，

and where sharing was second nature,

分享是第二天性，

from a glut of marrows to hand-me-down clothes,

從分享吃不完的瓜到接手舊衣服，

from a pony to a tractor.

從小馬到鐵牛。

But in modern life, we've largely forgotten how to share.

但在現代生活中， 我們大概都忘了如何分享。

That's because we all live in our little boxes

因為我們都住在一個挨著一個 堆疊的小空間裡。

stacked on top of one another, beside one another.

We're no longer connected to our local community.

我們與社區、鄰居沒有聯繫，

And so we no longer have anyone to share with.

所以無人可分享。

That's why, along with my cofounder,

這就是我和夥伴一起 創建 Olio 的原因。

we created Olio.

Olio is an app that connects people with their local community

Olio 是一個連結人們 與當地社區的應用程式，

so they can give away rather than throw away their spare food.

人們就可以送出 而不是扔掉多餘的食物。

How it works is really easy.

操作很簡單。

Let's imagine you're going away for the weekend

假設你週末要出門，

or you've overcatered for a party.

或者為聚會準備了過多的食物，

Or perhaps your toddler's favorite food yesterday

或許你家幼兒昨天最喜歡的食物

is their most hated food today.

今天卻變成他們最討厭的食物。

(Laughs)

（笑聲）

I think you've been there.

我想你一定有這種經驗。

How it works is you just snap a photo of your food and add it to the app.

基本操作，你只要拍張食物的照片， 上傳到 Olio 即可。

People living nearby get an alert.

住附近的人就會收到通知。

They can browse the listings,

他們可以瀏覽列表，

request what they want and pop round to pick it up.

點選想要的東西，下單，然後去取貨。

Now you might be thinking, who on earth would want my spare food?

你可能納悶，到底有誰會想要 我多餘的食物呢？

But there is no shortage of demand.

其實需求不少。

The average listing is requested in less than 25 minutes.

平均不到 25 分鐘， 列表的食物就被下單要走了。

And it's in response to this demand

為了滿足這一需求，

that we now also work with businesses

我們還與超市、餐廳、咖啡館 和小吃店等店家合作。

such as supermarkets, restaurants, cafes and canteens.

This is powered by 60,000 trained volunteers

我們有六萬名訓練有素的志工，

who are members of our community,

同時也是社區的成員，

who on their allotted time and day,

他們輪流值班，

they pop out of their house and they cross the street.

走出家門，穿過街道，

They go to the store and they collect all of the unsold food.

去到商家收集未售出的食物，

They take it home.

帶回家，

They add it to the app.

拍照上傳到平台。

Within minutes, people living nearby are requesting it

幾分鐘內，附近居民就會開始下單，

and minutes later they're popping round

一會兒，他們就來領貨，

and picking it up,

taking that food from having been considered waste in the store

這些食物原本會被店裡扔掉的，

to instead, on average, in just two hours being fully redistributed

現在，平均短短兩個小時內，

就全部被重新分配到了 當地社區不同家庭中。

into multiple homes in the local community.

This now enables businesses to have zero food waste locations.

這樣，這些商家營業點不再浪費食物。

And our aim is that any business anywhere in the world

我們的目標是讓世界各地的企業

can come onto the platform and organize for their food to be redistributed

都可以加入這個平台，行動起來，

快速地將剩餘食物派送給當地社區。

in their local community in minutes.

So that perfectly good food is given away, not thrown away.

完好的食物是用來分享的，不是扔掉。

We launched in North London in 2015,

2015 年，我們在北倫敦推出平台，

and since then, over 6 million people from all around the world have joined us.

至今，全球超過六百萬人加入我們，

And together they have shared 66 million portions of food.

總共分享了六千六百萬份食物。

This has had an environmental impact

這對環境的效應

equivalent to taking 200 million car miles off the road

相當於減少了 2 億汽車英里的行駛里程，

and has also saved over 10 billion liters of water

還節省了超過 100 億升的水，

because food production is incredibly water-intensive.

因為糧食生產極其耗水。

But what's most exciting is we are doing a tiny fraction of our full potential.

但最令人振奮的是，我們現在所做的 只是我們能達成的極小部分。

Just imagine the impact we can have

想像一下我們能造成的廣大影響， 如果我們能讓千百萬人一起來分享。

as we get millions and millions more people sharing.

Now, whilst the environmental impact of food sharing might seem quite obvious,

還有，食物共享 對環境的正面效應顯而易見，

what's less obvious, but no less powerful

同樣影響深遠、但不太明顯的

is the social impact of sharing.

是共享的社會效應。

Not only does it feel amazing to give away something that you don't want

把不需要的東西送給想要的人， 不僅讓人感覺很棒，

to someone who would like it,

sharing also creates connection

這種分享還可以建立並加強人際連結。

and strengthens community.

Over 40% of our users tell us that they have made friends through the app

超過 40% 的用戶告訴我們， 他們通過該平台結交了朋友，

and 66% say that it has improved their well-being.

66% 的用戶表示 這平台增進他們的幸福感。

And every day we hear countless heartwarming stories,

每天我們都會聽到無數感人的故事，

in particular during COVID and the cost of living crisis,

特別是在新冠疫情 和生活成本危機期間，

which reinforces the power

這些故事證明了

that doing something so simple as sharing your spare can have.

平凡小事如分享多餘食物， 也能產生很大的力量。

The power of sharing can be applied to so much more

不過，共享的力量不僅僅 可用來解決食物浪費的問題，

than just solving our food waste problem, though.

It can also help solve our overconsumption problem more broadly,

這個概念還能幫助解決過度消費問題，

which is best exemplified by Earth Overshoot Day.

地球超載日就是過度消費最好的例證。

Earth Overshoot Day is the day in the year

地球超載日是一年中某一日，

in which humanity has used all the resources

在那一天，人類用完地球這一年 所能補充的所有資源。

that the Earth can replenish in a year.

Back in 1971, Earth Overshoot Day was the 25th of December.

早在 1971 年， 地球超載日是 12 月 25 日。

What this means is that we used in a year what the Earth could replenish in a year.

這意味著我們一年使用的量 差不多就是地球一年所能補充的量。

We were living in equilibrium with the planet.

那時，我們與地球平衡共存。

Fast-forward to today.

快轉到今日。

2022.

2022 年，

Earth Overshoot Day was the 28th of July.

地球超載日是 7 月 28 日。

What this means is that every single thing

這意味著

我們每個人（近 80 億人）

that every single one of us, almost 8 billion people,

are consuming after the 28th of July

在 7 月 28 日之後 消費的每個物品，

is net-net depletive to the planet.

都在榨乾地球，耗盡資源。

Another way of looking at it

換個方式看這個狀況，

is that collectively right now we're living as if we have 1.75 planets,

我們現在共同的生活方式就好像 我們擁有 1.75 個行星一樣，

which clearly we don't.

但顯然不是如此。

It appears that we are shopping ourselves to extinction.

看來我們正過度消費、自取滅亡。

And this has to stop.

這必須停止。

Where most people think about playing their part

多數人在考慮要盡本份、永續生活時，

and living more sustainably,

the first thing that tends to come to mind is recycling.

首先想到的往往是回收利用。

But given our relentless rate of resource consumption,

但鑑於無節制的資源消耗，

we clearly cannot recycle our way out of this mess.

回收顯然無法讓我們擺脫這困境。

What we need instead is a brand new model of consumption.

我們需要的是一種全新的消費模式，

One where all of our stuff goes from being useless to useful.

讓所有的東西都從無用變為有用。

From “who would want this?”

從「誰會想要這個？」

to “I would love that.”

到「我想要。」

From getting to giving,

從獲得到䁬送，

from buying to borrowing,

從購買到借用，

from despair to hope.

從絕望到希望。

Sharing instead of shopping needs to become the default.

分享應該是預設選項，而非購物。

That's why we've extended beyond just food sharing

所以，我們不僅僅提供食物分享，

and our community can now also give away unwanted household items

我們的平台現在還可以 送出不需要的家居用品，

such as toiletries, cleaning products,

例如盥洗、清潔用品、 廚具、書籍、衣服和玩具。

kitchen appliances, books, clothes and toys.

And they can also lend and borrow things instead of buying brand new as well.

人們也可以互借用品， 而不必購買全新的東西。

Because let's face it, we don't all need our own air mattress or cat carrier

因為，說真的，我們其實不需要自家的 充氣床墊、貓咪攜帶包或反光燈球，

or disco ball or even, dare I say it, popcorn maker.

甚至，我直說了，爆米花機。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It gives me enormous hope to know

這給了我無窮的希望，因為我知道，

that we are part of a broader global movement

我們是廣大全球 共享經濟運動的一部分，

of real sharing economy companies that are springing up all over the world,

和其他如雨後春筍般 湧現的公司一起努力，

connecting communities to share everything from clothing to cars.

連結無數社區，幫助人們共享， 不論衣物或汽車。

And we're all united by this simple belief.

這個簡單的信念把我們連結在一起：

That the status quo has to change.

現狀必須改變。

And with businesses and governments doing so criminally little

由於在解決氣候危機方面， 企業和政府鮮少作為，

to solve the climate crisis,

we have set ourselves an enormous ambition.

我們為自己設定了一個遠大的目標。

We want 1 billion people to be consuming via Olio by 2030.

我們希望到 2030 年， 有十億人在 Olio 進行消費。

Because contrary to popular narrative,

因為，不同於普遍的想法，

what we do as individuals does count.

我們每個個體的作為其實很重要。

After all, it was billions of small actions

畢竟，正是當初的億萬個微小行動 導致現在的氣候危機。

that caused the climate crisis in the first place.

And so surely, by the same logic,

因此，套用同樣的邏輯，

billions of small actions can help get us out of it.

億萬個微小行動 肯定能帶我們走出困境。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）