Can the US and China Take On Climate Change Together? | Changhua Wu | TED

翻译人员: Maple Dilidili 校对人员: suya f.

You don't hear much praise for China in the United States these days.

当今时代，在美国 你很少听到对中国的赞美。

To be fair, China doesn't say great things about the US either.

平心而论， 中国也没有说美国什么好话。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

The two big nations are stuck in a geopolitical deadlock

这两个大国被困在 一种地缘政治的死结之中，

that is bad for progress to fight climate change.

这对于应对气候变化来说是很不利的。

I'm a China sustainability policy analyst

我是一名中国可持续发展战略研究员，

and I have witnessed a clean energy revolution there

我见证了在那里发生的 一场清洁能源革命，

that could mean big things for the rest of the world.

这场革命对整个世界来说意义重大。

But it's become clear to me

但我也意识到，

that if the US continues to see China as a threat,

如果美国继续将中国视作威胁，

the desired transition will never happen at the faster pace

那么理想中的转变 将不会以人们所期待的

and the larger scale as expected.

更快的速度和 在更广的层面发生。

We urgently need to pivot from the currently dismal relations

我们亟需从当前的惨淡关系中走出来，

and reset a constructive rather than destructive foundation

然后重启一个建设性的 而不是破坏性合作基础，

for a global clean energy revolution.

来共同推进全球清洁能源的革新。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Let's take a look at the clean energy manufacturing,

我们来看看 清洁能源制造行业，

because this seems to be where the tension lies today.

因为这似乎是当今的 紧张局势焦点所在。

Some US commentators said,

一些美国评论员说：

"The best chance was 10 years ago. The second best chance is now."

“最好的时机是十年前， 第二好的时机就是现在。”

The best chance was China's drive

这个最好的机会就是中国的

to invest aggressively and ambitiously in clean technologies

“2050中国制造”战略驱动下的 积极主动而又野心勃勃的

with the China Make 2025 campaign.

对清洁能源科技领域的投资。

The outcome is massive deployment of clean energy solutions

该战略的结果就是 大规模应用清洁能源解决方案，

that established China as a global leader in this landscape.

从而奠定中国在该领域的 国际领导者地位。

The US Inflation Reduction Act in 2022,

2022年出台的 《美国通货膨胀消减法案》

a climate law that pushes for investments in domestic clean energy production,

其中有关气候的立法推动 对本国清洁能源产业的投资

represents the second best chance.

是第二好的机会。

The IEA executive director Fatih vividly called this dynamic

国际能源机构执行 主任法提赫（Fatih）

将这股潮流生动地形容为：

“the beginning of a new age of clean energy manufacturing.”

“清洁能源制造行业的新时代 正在拉开序幕。”

A decade apart, China and the US stand at a different position

相隔十年， 中美两国站在了

along the global value chain.

全球价值链的不同位置。

While China is already in the second decade of transition,

当中国已经进入了变革的 第二个十年之中时，

the US is just starting to take off.

美国才刚刚开始。

The recent data shows China provided 77 percent of global batteries last year

最近的数据显示去年 中国提供了全球77%的电池，

and it is right on track to lead all nations

而且它也已经步入正轨 持续发展清洁能源产业，

in manufacturing clean energy products by 2030.

并将在2030年达到 清洁能源产品的世界领先地位。

China's investment has also put it as a global leader,

中国的投资使它成为 清洁能源方面的全球领导者，

leading exporter of those technologies: solar, wind, batteries,

是这些相关科技的领先出口国： 太阳能、风能、电池，

you name it.

你想得到的都包括。

My professional experience also tells me

我的专业经验还让我意识到：

that the US can learn a great deal from China's steadfast dedication

美国可以从中国的坚定不移

to push forward the clean energy transition in some key ways.

推进新能源变革中 学到几个关键方法。

Firstly, China is re-energizing the world's largest energy system

首先，中国利用可再生能源 和智能电网基础设施

with renewables and smart grid infrastructure.

给世界上最大的能源系统 重新注入活力。

And the US can adapt this with a much shorter learning curve

美国可以用更短的 学习曲线来借鉴这一点

and reduced costs.

并降低成本。

The first half of this year saw 34 percent of China’s electricity

今年上半年， 34%的中国用电量

generated from non-fossil fuels,

来自于非化石燃料，

right on track to deliver 39 percent by 2025,

继续发展势头预计 2025年将会达到39%，

as has been planned,

正如计划之中，

and aiming for 80 percent by 2035.

并且目标是到2035 达到80%。

Between now and 2035,

从现在到2035年，

China's national endeavors are focused on rapid expansion of installations

中国的举国之力集中于 在你所能想到的所有领域

and also consumption of clean energy in all sectors you could imagine.

快速拓展安装和消费清洁能源。

In the meantime,

与此同时，

it's also dedicated to enhancing grid transmission and distribution systems

它还致力于升级 电网传输和分配系统

to accommodate this growth of renewables.

来适应新能源的发展。

US and China operate power systems in two different regulatory contexts,

美国和中国的电力系统 在两个不同的监管环境下运营，

but share the logic and also technicality

但是在设计和建设一个

when designing and building

清洁、智能、零碳排放的电网方面

a clean, smart, net-zero carbon emissions grid system.

有着相同的思维逻辑和科学技术。

China is also becoming a real daredevil

中国正在变得 越来越敢探索创新，

in pioneering the development of 5G

正如在率先发展5G领域

and AI-enabled power systems

和人工智能电力系统方面，

and deploying the ultra-high-voltage grid systems

以及应用由“车辆到电网” 技术相辅相成的

supplemented by vehicle-to-grid technologies

超高压电网系统

in order to accommodate the rise of EVs.

来适配电动车的兴盛。

China's experience can provide an invaluable reference or insight

中国的经验可以提供 宝贵的参考或启示，

for the US to decarbonize your own power system.

使美国能够借鉴 来为自己的电力系统去碳化。

Secondly, China is leading a global campaign

第二，中国正在引领 一场全球范围的

to increase solar usage.

增加太阳能使用的运动。

The social, economic and environmental model deployed in China

中国所采用的 社会、经济和环境模式

can help the US to address climate injustice challenges domestically.

能够帮助美国解决 国内所面临的气候不公正挑战。

Solar energy is becoming the least-cost option

在当今世界绝大多数地方，

for new electricity generation in most parts of the world today.

太阳能正在变成新能源时代 最低成本的选择。

The IEA forecasts an average annual solar generation growth

国际能源机构预测 在2022到2030年间，

of 25 percent between 2022 and 2030,

平均每年太阳能发电量 需要增长25%，

which is about 10 times of the current total global installations,

也就是现有全球装置 发电总量的10倍，

in order to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century.

就能够在本世纪中叶 达到零净碳排放的目标。

Or to put it another way,

或者换一种说法，

this is one kilowatt solar installation per person by 2030.

到 2030 年，人均安装 一千瓦太阳能设备。

That number stands today at one-tenth kilowatt globally.

当下这个数据是全球平均 十分之一千瓦每人。

China is on its way to achieve two-fifths kilowatt

中国到今年年底，

by the end of this year.

就将实现五分之二千瓦每人。

To bridge the gap, a group of leading Chinese universities and institutions

为了缩小差距， 一批中国顶尖大学和机构

launched a China campaign

发起一项中国运动

advocating one kilowatt solar installation per person by 2030.

倡议到2030完成安装 每人一千瓦太阳能设备。

The strategy is -- and also turning that into a global campaign,

这个策略——并且将它 推广为全球性的运动，

called Solar Lights the Planet.

叫做“太阳能点亮地球”。

The strategy is to really use solar installation

这个策略是使用太阳能装置

as the intervention point

作为介入点，

to explore how rural energy transition in China

来探索中国农村的能源转型

can benefit other UN sustainability targets.

如何有利于实现 联合国的可持续发展目标。

On one side, it's cost-effective.

一方面，它很经济实惠。

One kilowatt solar installation requires five square meters of space

一千瓦的太阳能装置 需要5平方米空间

and a 500-dollar upfront investment to install.

和500美元的前期投资来安装

When completed, it generates green electricity

完成之后，它能够 产生清洁电能

while avoiding carbon emissions.

并避免碳排放。

And on the other side,

另一方面，

it also demonstrates that co-benefits can be created and maximized.

它也诠释了该策略 可以产生和放大共同利益。

Rapid rural energy transition can bring new investment

迅速的农村能源转型 可以带来新的投资

and also create green power-enabled growth opportunities,

以及创造新能源支撑的 发展机遇，

for instance, food, agriculture, fishery, energy services,

例如食物、农业、渔业、能源服务、

tourism and other industries.

旅游业和其他产业。

China's experience definitely can be very valuable for the US

中国经验对于美国来说 非常有价值，

to think about the solutions to address climate injustice.

可以用来借鉴思考 如何解决气候不公正问题。

Solar Lights The Planet is the ambition.

“太阳能点亮地球” 可谓雄心壮志。

It also offers colleagues in the United States

它同时也提供机会 让美国的同事们

to work with peers from China and other parts of the world

与来自中国和世界其他地区 的同行们协同合作

to really tackle the climate injustice challenge.

来真正的解决 气候不公正挑战。

Thirdly, China is mainstreaming a circular economy

第三，中国正在 大力促进循环经济，

and transforming its supply chains.

并重塑其供应链。

Joining forces, China, the US, together with the EU,

如若联合起来， 中国、美国以及欧盟，

can literally reset the global supply chain solidly on sustainability.

可以事实上重塑 稳健和可持续发展的产业链。

China is a global manufacturing powerhouse.

中国是全球制造业强国。

Its demand for raw materials

它需要原材料，

and critical metals is growing exponentially.

关键的金属材料行业 就指数型暴涨。

As we all know, the planet cannot possibly afford

正如我们所知， 地球不可能承受

the ecological destruction from quadruple,

当前关键金属开采的 四倍，有些情况下甚至是六倍

and in some cases even six times the current import of critical metals

的生态破坏

to match the planned energy transition.

来对应计划中的能源传输。

A circular economy offers a remedy to decouple the growth from resource use.

循环经济使增长相关联的 资源消耗得以缓解。

China is also well positioned to reset its supply chains

以循环使用为内核，

with circularity at the core.

中国完全有能力 重置供应链。

Today, China recycles more than 95 percent of nickel and lithium.

如今，中国回收使用超过 95% 的镍和锂。

Business communities have a big role to play,

商业社区在这中间 起到重要作用，

providing solutions or answers to what hurdles to remove,

提供解决方案或者回答 关于去除什么障碍的问题，

what innovative solutions to deploy,

施行什么创新举措，

what business models actually to promote,

推广什么样的商业模式，

and very importantly, how to consolidate a global partnership

以及非常重要的是， 如何巩固全球伙伴关系，

to work together to shape our sustainable and circular global supply chain.

从而协同合作，共同打造 可持续和循环的全球供应链。

Which is why a group of Chinese organizations are working together,

这就是为什么一批中国机构 正在通力合作，

kicking off a China Circularity 100 initiative,

发起 “中国循环100” 倡议

aiming by 2030 to really find the pathways

目标是到2030年， 找到真正的发展路径

to close the loop in recycling for critical metals

来实现关键金属的 循环利用闭环，

and also for the energy sector.

以及能源产业的发展闭环。

It's targeting at least 100 companies

该项目的目标是 找到至少100家公司

to work together to find the alternative pathways.

来通力合作 寻找可替代发展路径。

China's practice can become a very important reference

中国的实践 给美国当下

for the United States to make investment decisions

关于如何拥抱循环经济 的投资决定

to embrace circularity now.

提供了一个非常重要的参考。

So how do we jump-start a new US-China partnership?

那么，我们该如何启动 新的美中合作伙伴关系？

Well, the two governments ... should start with a revised narrative,

这个，两方政府 首先应该重新修订叙述，

one that is with good intention, as well as with collaborative spirit.

改写一版具有良好意愿 以及合作精神的共同叙述。

In the meantime, the two nations need to assure the rest of the world

与此同时，两国还应当 令世界上其他国家安心，

that they are really seriously and sincerely working together

让他们知道两国间 是认真且真诚的共同协作，

to find their alternative and to rebuild partnership.

来找寻替代方案和 重建伙伴关系。

One thing to keep in mind:

要记住一件事情：

the climate change doesn't care about our ideological divide.

气候变化并不会因为 我们的意识形态分歧而有所不同。

Rather, it demands for collective actions that deliver outcomes.

与之相反，它需要通力 合作来达成目标。

Cornering China as a national security threat

将中国视为 国家安全的威胁，

seems to claim that the US, rather than China,

似乎是在说美国， 而不是中国

is the legitimate and trustworthy global leader in this transition.

才是这场变革之中 合法且可信的全球领导者。

And yet, as the world's largest developed economy,

而且，作为世界上 最大的发达国家，

the US doesn't meet the bar of what's expected of a global leader.

美国并没有达到 全球领导者的期待值。

Along the line, it doesn't provide the rest of the world

与此同时，它也没有 为世界其他国家提供

with sufficient, accessible and affordable clean energy solutions,

实惠、可得到和可负担的 清洁能源解决方案，

nor does it provide, deliver its financial commitments

它也没有提供和支持 它在《巴黎气候协定》中

to other developing countries under the Paris Agreement.

对其他发展中国家 所承诺的财务支持。

And China undoubtedly has to go a long way too

当然中国在重新思考 它与美国

in rethinking its strategy and behavior in dealing with the US.

打交道的策略和行为方面 也有很长的路要走。

It needs to make extra efforts to convince the world

中国需要付出更多努力 来说服世界

that it's not a threat, but rather a trusted partner,

它不是一个威胁 而是一个可信任的合作伙伴，

willing and capable to work with the US

它愿意并且能够 与美国并肩合作

to shift towards a collaborative partnership.

来转向共同协作的 伙伴关系。

Let me leave this stage with some sort of cautious optimism.

结束之前我想给大家 一些谨慎乐观的信息

My heart feels enlightened when media in our two countries

当两国的媒体都开始讲述 不同以往的美中关系时候

start to tell different US-China stories.

我的心中感到豁然开朗。

Treasury Secretary Yellen's China trip last week

财政部长耶伦 上周的中国之行

went viral in Chinese social media.

在中国的社交媒体上引起热议。

The rainbow welcoming her landing in Beijing Airport

在飞机抵达北京机场时 出现的彩虹

represents some hope

代表着希望，

and also a new beginning of bilateral relations.

以及双边关系 的一个新的开始。

And her love for the wild mushroom soup from Yunnan province --

她对来自云南省的 野蘑菇汤的喜爱

(Laughter)

（笑声）

literally gives me this kind of a warm and also sweet human touch.

给了我真切的温暖 和有人情味的感受。

And I have a message to climate envoy John Kerry,

我想对美国气候特使 约翰·克里（John Kerry）说，

who is coming to China later this month.

他将会在本月晚些时候访华，

You know, the two governments have already declared quite a number

“你知道吗， 美中两方政府已经宣布了

of joint commitments and collective actions

好几项 共同承诺和联合行动

to fight climate change.

来应对气候变化。”

What's urgently needed now is a shared vision, mission, aspiration,

现在迫切需要的是 共同的愿景、使命、希望、

wisdom and very importantly,

智慧，以及非常重要的是，

a compass to guide everyone back on track,

指引大家回到正轨的向导，

to take collective actions and deliver the due results.

将联合行动付诸实施， 并达成富有成效的结果。

It seems to me that's the must-have precondition for us all

在我看来， 这是对我们所有人来说

in order to keep a sustainable future within reach.

能够达到可持续的未来 的先决条件。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）