A King Cobra Bite -- and a Scientific Discovery | Gowri Shankar | TED

93,346 views ・ 2022-02-23

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Heeji Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:03
[TED Fellows]
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[TED 펠둜우]
00:06
[Shape Your Future]
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[미래λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ„Έμš”.]
00:09
(King cobra growl)
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(ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌκ°€ μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬)
00:13
That’s the beautiful growl of the world’s longest venomous snake:
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방금 λ“€μœΌμ‹  μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κΈ΄ 독사가 λ‚΄λŠ” μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ μ†Œλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
the king cobra.
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λ°”λ‘œ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌμ£ .
00:19
They’re the only snakes that build a nest to incubate their eggs.
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녀석듀은 μ•Œμ„ ν’ˆκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‘₯지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ λ±€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Apt to their scientific name, Ophiophagus hannah,
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β€œλ±€μ„ μž‘μ•„λ¨ΉλŠ” κ²ƒβ€œ μ΄λΌλŠ” λœ»μ„ 가진 β€œμ˜€ν”Όμ˜€νŒŒκ΅¬μŠ€ μ•ˆλ‚˜β€œλΌλŠ” ν•™λͺ… λ‹΅κ²Œ
00:26
meaning a snake-eater, they eat other snakes,
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 뱀듀도 μž‘μ•„λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
including their own kind.
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심지어 동쑱듀도 μž‘μ•„λ¨Ήμ£ .
00:32
Growing up to five meters,
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μ΅œλŒ€ 5mκΉŒμ§€ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³ 
00:33
they possess enough venom to kill 10 people in a single bite,
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ν•œ 번 물기만 해도 성인 10λͺ…을 죽일만큼 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 독을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
or even an elephant.
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코끼리 ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬λ„ κ±°λœ¬ν•˜μ£ .
00:39
King cobras might be intimidating to most people,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλ₯Ό λ‘λ €μ›Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
but I was always fascinated by them.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €μ—κ²Œ 녀석듀은 항상 λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
00:45
I've been studying this legendary species for the last 20 years.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 전섀적인 동물을 μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ—°κ΅¬ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Fifteen years ago,
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15λ…„ μ „,
00:51
I was bitten by a king cobra while rescuing it from a house,
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μ–΄λŠ κ°€μ •μ§‘μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ‘°ν•˜λ‹€κ°€ λ¬Όλ¦° 적이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:55
which otherwise would have been killed.
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κ΅¬μ‘°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ£½μ—ˆκ² μ£ .
00:57
There is no antivenom for Indian king cobra,
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μΈλ„ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ 독에 λ§žλŠ” ν•΄λ…μ œκ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
01:00
so I was certain I would die in about 30 minutes.
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μ €λŠ” 30λΆ„ 후에 죽을 거라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
The bite was in my hand.
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손에 λ¬Όλ Έμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
01:04
The pain was moving up my arm towards the heart.
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고톡이 νŒ”μ„ 타고 심μž₯κΉŒμ§€ μ˜¬λΌμ™”μ–΄μš”.
01:08
The pain was so excruciating
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고톡이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ‹¬ν•΄μ„œ
01:10
that I actually begged the team to just let me die
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ν•œν…Œ κ·Έλƒ₯ 죽여달라고 λΉŒμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:14
rather than stay in agony.
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κ²¬λ”œ 수 없을 만큼 κ΄΄λ‘œμ› κ±°λ“ μš”.
01:16
I remembered I had stocked a few vials of antivenom from Thailand,
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κ·Έλ•Œ νƒœκ΅­μ—μ„œ ν•΄λ…μ œ λͺ‡ 개λ₯Ό μ±™κ²Όλ˜ 기얡이 λ– μ˜¬λžμ–΄μš”.
01:21
meant for Thailand king cobra,
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νƒœκ΅­ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌμš© ν•΄λ…μ œμ˜€μ£ .
01:23
which I decided to experiment with on myself.
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κ·Έ ν•΄λ…μ œλ₯Ό 제 λͺΈμ— μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
But the Thai antivenom failed,
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그런데 ν•΄λ…μ œλŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:30
and we had to stop the treatment.
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치료λ₯Ό μ€‘μ§€ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
01:33
But here I am, a ghost?
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그럼 μ§€κΈˆ 이 μžλ¦¬μ— μžˆλŠ” μ €λŠ” κ·€μ‹ μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:35
No, the king was kind.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 사싀 μ €λ₯Ό λ¬Έ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλŠ” κ΄€λŒ€ν•œ λ…€μ„μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:38
It injected a very small quantity of venom into my hand,
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녀석이 μ•„μ£Ό μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ 독을 μ£Όμž…ν•΄μ„œ
01:41
which wasn't enough to kill me.
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μ œκ°€ 죽을 μ •λ„λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
01:43
My mother hoped
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저희 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ”
01:44
that this near-death experience would finally stop my snake obsession.
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μ œκ°€ 죽을 λ»”ν•œ 이 사건을 κ³„κΈ°λ‘œ 뱀에 λŒ€ν•œ 집착을 λ©ˆμΆ”κΈΈ λ°”λΌμ…¨μ–΄μš”.
01:49
But no.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
For those three painful days at the hospital,
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병싀에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 3일 λ™μ•ˆ
01:53
all I wondered was if the king cobra was one species, as science believed,
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학계 λ§λŒ€λ‘œ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ κ³Όμ—° ν•˜λ‚˜ 뿐일까 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:59
then why didn't the Thailand antivenom work on me?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ™œ νƒœκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ ν•΄λ…μ œλŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:02
It became apparent that we were missing something.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό λ†“μΉ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 게 λΆ„λͺ…ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:05
King cobra was first described scientifically in 1836,
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ν‚Ή μ½”λΈŒλΌλŠ” 1836년에 처음으둜 학계에 λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
after which many speculated there could be different species,
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이후 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅듀이 μžˆμ„ 거라고 μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ€ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:13
but no one had ever established it.
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아무도 직접 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§„ λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:16
This became my research topic.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 μ—°κ΅¬μ£Όμ œλ‘œ μ‚Όμ•˜μ£ .
02:19
For seven years after the bite,
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌμ—κ²Œ λ¬Όλ¦° ν›„ 7λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
02:21
I traveled across king cobra habitat in South and Southeast Asia.
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μ €λŠ” λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ™€ λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ μ„œμ‹μ§€λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:25
And this is what I found.
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μ œκ°€ 찾은 사싀은 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
King cobras, despite being the most curious, majestic snakes
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ§„κΈ°ν•˜κ³  μž₯μ—„ν•œ λ±€μ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀이 λ¬΄μƒ‰ν•˜κ²Œ
02:31
are disliked, feared and hated by most people on the planet.
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지ꡬ μƒμ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이듀을 λͺΉμ‹œ μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜κ³  λ‘λ €μ›Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
They're killed on sight for food, poached for skin,
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보자마자 μ£½μ—¬μ„œ μš”λ¦¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
λ°€λ ΅ν•΄μ„œ 가죽을 λ²—κΈ°κ±°λ‚˜
02:40
for traditional medicinal purpose and for pet trade.
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전톡적인 μ•½μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ“°κ±°λ‚˜ 애완동물 κ±°λž˜μ— νŒ”κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
And of course, their habitats are under severe threat,
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ κ·Έ μ„œμ‹μ§€λ„ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μœ„ν˜‘μ„ λ°›κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:48
like many other species.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물듀도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€κ³ μš”.
02:50
But we also found an answer
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €ν¬λŠ” 해닡을 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
to this 185-year-old question of species complex.
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ μ’… 볡합체에 λŒ€ν•œ 185λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ κ³„μ†λœ μ˜λ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
02:58
My research has shown that king cobra is actually four distinct species,
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλŠ” 4가지 λ³„κ°œμ˜ μ’…μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
not one, as everyone thought.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ ν•œ 쒅이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
03:06
Now that is why the Thailand antivenom did not work on me.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νƒœκ΅­ ν•΄λ…μ œκ°€ 제게 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
03:10
So what does this finding mean?
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그러면 이것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
03:12
I found king cobras differed from each other
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μ €λŠ” ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌκ°€ 1μ—μ„œ 4%의 μœ μ „μž κ΅¬μ„±μ˜ 차이만으둜
03:15
by one to four percent genetic makeup.
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μ„œλ‘œ 쒅이 λ‹¬λΌμ§„λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
03:19
So what does this discovery mean for the king cobra?
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이 사싀이 ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:22
Well, imagine there's a tsunami or an epidemic on an island
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ ν•œ 쒅이 μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λŠ 섬에 μ“°λ‚˜λ―Έκ°€ λ‹₯μ³€κ±°λ‚˜
03:27
inhabited by a particular species of king cobra.
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전염병이 νΌμ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:30
We could lose that whole species.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ’… 전체λ₯Ό μžƒλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
In other words, one habitat destruction is the loss of an entire species
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즉 μ„œμ‹μ§€ ν•œ 곳이 파괴되면 μ’…μ˜ 전체λ₯Ό μžƒκ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
03:38
we have yet to understand.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  것이 또 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
Resolving species confusion is highly important
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μ’…μ˜ 보쑴 κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμš°λŠ” 것과 생물학적 방제,
03:44
for the conservation planning, biological control,
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μ§ˆλ³‘ μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ 뱀에 λ¬Όλ¦° μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μΉ˜μœ ν•  ν•΄λ…μ œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
03:47
treatment of diseases and snakebite.
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μ’… ν˜Όλˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν‘ΈλŠ” 것은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List
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μ„Έκ³„μžμ—°λ³΄μ „μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ λ ˆλ“œλ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ— λ“±λ‘λœ
03:55
of Threatened Species,
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λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ’…μ— λŒ€ν•œ μžλ£Œμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
03:57
king cobras are not given much attention.
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 관심을 받지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
My discovery calls for an urgent reassessment of each species status
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μ €μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 이듀이 μ²˜ν•œ 상황을 μ‹œκΈ‰νžˆ μž¬ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³ 
04:05
and conservation efforts.
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쒅에 λŒ€ν•œ 보쑴 λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이길 μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
As a direct conservation measure,
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직접적인 보쑴 μ‘°μΉ˜λ‘œμ„œ
04:09
we at Kalinga Foundation rescue king cobras from distressed situations.
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저희 칼링가 μž¬λ‹¨μ—μ„œλŠ”
μœ„κΈ‰ν•œ 상황에 μ²˜ν•œ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
So far, we have rescued close to 375 king cobras,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€ 375 λ§ˆλ¦¬μ— κ°€κΉŒμš΄ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ‘°ν–ˆκ³ ,
04:19
monitored about 50 plus king cobra nests
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50개 μ΄μƒμ˜ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ λ‘₯지λ₯Ό 좔적 κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
04:22
and helped release over 500 hatchlings
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500λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ λ„˜λŠ” κ°“ λΆ€ν™”ν•œ μƒˆλΌ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλ“€μ΄
04:26
back into their natural habitat.
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μžμ—° μ„œμ‹μ§€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν’€μ–΄μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
We partner with communities
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λ§ˆμ„ μ£Όλ―Όλ“€κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•΄μ„œ
04:31
and invest in creating awareness among local people,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 보쑴에 λŒ€ν•œ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μΈμ‹μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 데 νˆ¬μžν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:35
especially kids, who urge their parents to choose rescue over killing.
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특히 ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλ₯Ό 죽이지 말고 κ΅¬μ‘°ν•˜μžκ³ 
λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ»˜ 섀득할 수 μžˆλŠ” 아이듀과 ν˜‘λ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
We encourage students to participate in our research
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저희 μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 연ꡬ에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 학생듀을 μž₯λ €ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:44
and conduct capacity-building training for snake rescuers and forest officials.
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ ꡬ쑰원듀과 μ‚°λ¦Ό κ³΅λ¬΄μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ—­λŸ‰ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆκ³ μš”.
04:51
King cobras are potential flagship species among snakes.
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌλŠ” λ±€ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ κΉƒλŒ€μ’…μœΌλ‘œ 지정될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
Declaring it as such will be a big win for the species,
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κΉƒλŒ€μ’…μ— μ§€μ •λ˜μ–΄ 이 쒅을 μ‚΄λ¦ΌμœΌλ‘œμ¨
연ꡬλ₯Ό μ΄λ„λŠ” μˆ˜μ„ κ³Όν•™μžλΆ„λ“€κ³Ό
04:59
to my senior scientists and the forest they inhabit.
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ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌκ°€ μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” μˆ²μ— ꡉμž₯ν•œ 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
What is interesting is these are the same tropical forests
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ν₯미둜운 사싀은 μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ„œμ‹μ§€κ°€ λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ™€ λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜
05:07
of South and Southeast Asia,
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λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 μ—΄λŒ€ 우림 μ΄λΌλŠ” 것인데
05:09
which has seven of the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots.
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36곳의 생물닀양성 ν•«μŠ€νŒŸ 지역 쀑 7곳이 이곳에 μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
And these also contribute 68 percent to the global carbon sink.
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이곳은 μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ ν‘μˆ˜κ³„μ— 68νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλ‚˜ κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:20
In other words, my team and I are doing all we can
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저희 μž¬λ‹¨μ€ ν‚Ήμ½”λΈŒλΌ 4쒅을 μ˜¨μ „νžˆ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:23
to say what we now know are four species,
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λͺ¨λ“  λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
and I welcome you to join us in conserving the beautiful king cobra.
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저희 μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 보쑴 λ…Έλ ₯에 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜μ‹ λ‹€λ©΄ λŒ€ν™˜μ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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