Dwan Reece: The origins of blackface and Black stereotypes | TED

25,449 views ใƒป 2022-02-16

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Transcriber:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yuntaek Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
When I was 10 years old,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 10์‚ด ๋–„,
00:06
we traveled from Colorado to New Jersey to visit relatives
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์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„์—์„œ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€๋กœ
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„ ์นœ์ฒ™์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:10
at Christmas time.
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00:12
We did a host of a variety of things.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:14
I actually got to see the original cast in "The Wiz"
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์ €๋Š” ์›์ž‘ โ€˜๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌโ€™์˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:17
and did a lot of sightseeing.
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๊ด€๊ด‘๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:20
But one of my favorite moments was to stay up late at night
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ๋Šฆ์€ ๋ฐค๊นŒ์ง€ ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:23
and wait till everyone else had gone to bed,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž ๋“ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:25
and then I would sneak downstairs to watch television.
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์•„๋ž˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:29
A host of old movies that I probably had no business watching,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—†์ด ๋ดค๋˜ ์˜›๋‚  ์˜ํ™”๋“ค์ด์š”.
00:33
such as "Bonnie and Clyde" and "Oklahoma,"
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โ€˜๋ณด๋‹ˆ์™€ ํด๋ผ์ด๋“œโ€˜์™€ โ€˜์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆโ€™๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ™”์ด์ง€์š”.
00:37
that was a little OK.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:39
But I remember one evening coming across a show.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ €๋…์˜ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์š”.
00:42
It was an old movie,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์˜ํ™”์˜€๊ณ ,
00:43
and it must have been "White Christmas"
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ํ™”์ดํŠธ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค, ํ™€๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์ด ์—ฌ๊ด€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ™”์˜€์–ด์š”.
00:45
or โ€œHoliday Innโ€ or that type.
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00:47
But it was a musical.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:49
And I started watching,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
and then they started to do this musical scene,
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:54
and I noticed I saw Bing Crosby in blackface.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋น™ ํฌ๋กœ์Šค๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
00:58
And I was confused.
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๊ณ  ๋„๋ฌด์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:00
I couldn't quite understand
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01:03
what the blackface had to do with the singing and dancing.
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๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ‘์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:07
That was my introduction to blackface minstrelsy.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:10
Blackface minstrelsy originated in New York, and not the South
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ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์€ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
01:14
as a lot of people would think,
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01:16
in the 1830s.
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1830๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:19
It was an incident where white actors would blacken their faces with burnt cork,
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์šด ์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ฒ€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
01:24
paint on bright red lips,
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์ž…์ˆ ์€ ๋ฐ์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์น ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:27
exaggerate the whites of their eyes
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๋ˆˆ์˜ ํฐ์ž์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
01:30
and put on a tightly coiled wig
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณฑ์Šฌ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์จ์„œ
01:32
to create caricatures of African Americans on the American stage.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฃ .
01:37
The typical minstrel show was a parody of Black culture,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์€ ํ‘์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ’์žํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:40
song and dance and speech,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜, ์ถค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งํˆฌ,
01:43
interspersed with stump speeches, jokes,
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์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋†๋‹ด,
01:46
musical interludes and theatrical skits.
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์Œ์•… ๊ฐ„์ฃผ์™€ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ทน๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
01:49
The cast included a roster of recurring characters.
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๋ฐฐ์—ญ์—๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ถœ์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:53
The interlocutor acted as the emcee.
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๋Œ€๋‹ด์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•˜์ง€์š”.
01:56
You had Mr. Tambo and Mr. Bones as the end men.
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๊ด‘๋Œ€ ํƒ๋ณด์™€ ๋ณธ์˜ ์—ญ์„ ๋งก์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:01
Then you also had characters like the clownish slave Jim Crow,
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์ง ํฌ๋กœ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Œ€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:06
which was also the name of the Jim Crow laws
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ง ํฌ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:08
that we knew in the American South.
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02:10
Or the maternal mammy, a hypersexualized wench;
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๋˜๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋ชจ, ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์Œํƒ•ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž;
02:15
an arrogant dandy, Zip Coon; and the lazy, childish Sambo.
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๊ฑฐ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์Ÿ์ด ์ง‘ ์ฟค, ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์œ ์น˜ํ•œ ์‚ผ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:20
The caricatures were often brutal,
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์ด ํ’์ž๊ทน์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ž”์ธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:22
but not to the white audiences
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:24
who laughed at the antics of the illiterate slaves
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๋ฌธ๋งน ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋น„์›ƒ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:27
as they sat secure in their own superiority.
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์šฐ์›”๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ์š”.
02:30
The image of the dancing, simple-minded buffoons
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์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š” ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€
02:33
captured the public's imagination
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜๊ณ 
02:35
and spread across the country like wildfire.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ธธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜จ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ํผ์กŒ์ง€์š”.
02:39
Blackface minstrelsy grew
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ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์€ ์ ์  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์„œ
02:40
to be the most popular form of American entertainment in the 19th century.
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜์ง€์š”.
02:45
Abraham Lincoln and Mark Twain spoke highly of the American minstrel show,
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์•„๋ธŒ๋ผํ•จ ๋ง์ปจ๊ณผ ๋งˆํฌ ํŠธ์›จ์ธ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์„ ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:50
applauding the characterizations and the source of its humor.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ ๋จธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์นญ์ฐฌํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:54
But just as it entertained,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‡ผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
02:55
it also dehumanized the subjects of its ridicule,
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:59
leaving the abolitionist Frederick Douglass
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๋…ธ์˜ˆํ์ง€๋ก ์ž ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฆญ ๋”๊ธ€๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
to describe blackface minstrels as
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03:04
โ€œthe filthy scum of white society
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โ€œ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฐํ•œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:07
who have stolen from us a complexion denied them by nature."
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์ƒ‰์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋“ค.โ€
03:11
Ironically, after the Civil War,
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์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ์ „์Ÿ ์ดํ›„,
03:14
African Americans forged their own careers on the professional stage.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆจ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The route to success often meant appropriating the mask
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์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์€
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
that was used to mock them.
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03:24
White audiences also embraced Black performance
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค๋„ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ‘์ธ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ํฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
in their local communities.
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03:30
These amateur minstrels used instructional guides
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์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด ํ’์ž๊ตญ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์€ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ์ง€์นจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:33
that provided them with jokes, routines,
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๋†๋‹ด๊ณผ ๊ทน์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ,
03:36
songs and costumes they needed to put on their own shows.
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๋…ธ๋ž˜์™€ ์‡ผ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:41
Such was the habit of politicians, fraternal orders, colleges,
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์—๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์Šต๊ด€, ์นœ๋ชฉ ๋‹จ์ฒด,
๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต, ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์€
03:45
high schools and community performances,
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03:47
who carried on this tradition well into the 20th century.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ „ํ†ต์„ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
The professional minstrel show left an indelible imprint
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์€
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹ ์— ์ง€์›Œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ”์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
03:56
on the American psyche.
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03:58
The images and racial stereotypes
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์ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์€
04:01
that continue to circulate in American society
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
on sheet music, magazines, books,
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์•…๋ณด, ์žก์ง€, ์ฑ…,
04:07
vaudeville, theater, film, television,
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์ดŒ๊ทน, ๊ทน์žฅ, ์˜ํ™”,
ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค, ๋…ธ๋ž˜,
04:10
radio, records
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04:13
and all kinds of formats.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ์š”.
04:15
These stereotypes were a powerful reinforcement
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ์„œ
04:18
of the ideas of white supremacy and Black inferiority.
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์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๊ณผ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•œ ํ‘์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ‚ค์› ์ฃ .
04:23
The news headlines of the last few months
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ œ๋ชฉ๋“ค์€
04:25
have shown us that the legacy of blackface minstrelsy
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ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์ด ์œ ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„
04:28
continues to haunt us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ดด๋กญํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์š”.
04:30
In a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center,
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ํ“จ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:33
they found that one in three Americans say that blackface is always
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 3๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด ํ‘์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:38
or sometimes OK
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ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
04:40
if it's used in a Halloween costume.
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04:43
So let me ask this question.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
What is the appeal of darkening one's skin
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ข…์„ ์‚ฌ์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:49
in order to impersonate someone of a different race?
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€๊ฒŒ ์น ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:52
Blackface minstrelsy was born out of the realities of slavery
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ํ‘์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ’์ž๊ทน์€
๋…ธ์˜ˆ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์—์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:56
and racial segregation,
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04:58
and its continual reappearance echoes the pain and suffering
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์‡ผ๋Š”
ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ดด๋กœ์›€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
felt by Black people
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05:03
whose bodies and cultures were presented as strange and grotesque.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:09
It is a persistent reminder of the racism
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
05:12
and prejudices that bred its very existence.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ฃ .
05:15
The way it infiltrated society is a clear example
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
of how deeply ingrained racism is in this country.
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05:23
And the racial subjugation embodied by blackface minstrelsy --
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ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์˜ˆ์†์€
05:26
and perpetuated through a continuum of its history -- is a form of aggression,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ตฌํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ๋…์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๊ณ ,
05:32
a psychic wound that refuses to heal.
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์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ์ƒ์ฒ˜์˜ˆ์š”.
05:36
Racial impersonation of any form cannot escape this legacy.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์  ์‚ฌ์นญ์€ ์ด ์œ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
05:42
So it's time to shift the power of representation,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
to develop more expansive narratives
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
05:48
about the rich complexity of who we are as human beings.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Acknowledging and recognizing blackface for what it is
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ํ‘์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์™€
05:55
and what it symbolizes
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด์—์š”.
05:57
is a step in the right direction.
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06:00
Educating ourselves on how stereotypes reinforce racist ideologies is another.
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๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์ด ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Success in either case depends on an honest self assessment
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๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์ •์งํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:10
of our social and cultural biases and how they came to be.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
The legacy of blackface minstrelsy is our shared history
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ํ‘์ธ ํ’์ž๊ทน์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
06:19
and requires all of us to take collective responsibility
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ณ 
06:23
in dismantling its power to oppress and humiliate.
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์–ต์••ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตด์š•์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‡ผ์˜ ํž˜์„ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
The next time you're confronted with someone in blackface
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ฒ€๊ฒŒ ์น ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:31
or see a racist stereotype,
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
06:33
tell me: What will you do?
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:37
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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