Jennifer B. Nuzzo: 3 ways to prepare society for the next pandemic | TED

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2021-12-20 ใƒป TED


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Jennifer B. Nuzzo: 3 ways to prepare society for the next pandemic | TED

51,797 views ใƒป 2021-12-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Mihyun Gong ๊ฒ€ํ† : ํ•œ๋‚˜ ์ตœ
00:05
So I'm an infectious disease epidemiologist,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์—ญํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
and it used to be the case that when I would tell people that,
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์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด
00:12
they would ask me if it had something to do with the skin.
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์—…์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:15
(Laughter)
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00:18
But thanks to COVID-19, most people have now heard of epidemiologists.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ œ ์ง์—…์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด์„œ
00:23
So these days, when I tell people what I do,
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์š”์ฆ˜์—” ์ œ ์ง์—…์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:26
the questions I get asked most frequently are more like:
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00:30
When does this end?
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๋๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:33
When do things go back to how they were?
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์–ธ์ œ์ฏค ์˜ˆ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I get it.
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00:38
I am very eager to stop worrying about COVID-19.
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
00:45
But these questions seem to be imbued with a hope
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
that when we get to the other side of all this,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ข…์‹๋˜๋ฉด
00:51
our prepandemic lives are just going to be waiting for us.
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์˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:56
Now this pandemic will end.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But it won't be possible just to go back to how it was in 2019.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2019๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Now that may sound bleak, but I assure you, it doesn't have to be.
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์•”์šธํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋Œ€, ์ ˆ๋งํ•˜์‹ค ํ•„์š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Let me tell you a story that's been giving me some hope.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์‹ฌ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Feeling better about this.
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1904๋…„, ๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด์—์„œ
01:14
Baltimore 1904.
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01:17
A lit cigarette was left in the basement
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๊บผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๊ฝ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ 6์ธต์งœ๋ฆฌ ํ—ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
of the six-story Hurst building.
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01:22
Within a half an hour, the fire grew to an out-of-control conflagration.
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30๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ๊ธˆ์„ธ ๊ฑท์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Local firefighters were quickly overwhelmed,
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์ง€์—ญ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๋“ค๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฒ…์ฐผ๊ธฐ์—
01:30
so crews came in from neighboring cities.
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๊ทผ๋ฐฉ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ถœ๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
But when they arrived, they couldn't hook up their hoses
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์ฐฉ ํ›„ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ํ˜ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
because in 1904
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 1904๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ์—
01:40
there were over 600 variations of hose couplings
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œํ™”์ „ ์†ก์ˆ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 600๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
on hydrants in the United States.
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01:46
The fire destroyed more than 1,500 buildings,
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ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” 1500์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ 2500๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
2,500 businesses.
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01:51
And when it was finally extinguished,
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ง„์••๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•
01:53
the burnt district, as it was called, spanned more than 80 blocks.
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ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด 80 ๋ธ”๋ก ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Fortunately, just a few people died,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ธ๋ช… ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜
02:00
but that was probably a function of luck
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์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•„์„œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
02:03
due to the fact that the fire broke out in a business district
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์ฃผ๋ง์— ์ธ์ ์ด ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์—… ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:06
that was uninhabited on the weekends.
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02:09
The story of the Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 is important for a few reasons.
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1904๋…„ ๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
To this day, it is one of the largest urban conflagrations in US history.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ ํ™”์žฌ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:18
And in todayโ€™s money,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
02:19
the toll of this one event is upwards of three billion dollars.
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์ด ํ”ผํ•ด์•ก์ด 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
But the Great Fire is remarkable not just for its tolls
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ก ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:26
but for what happened afterwards.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ์กฐ์น˜๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Witnessing the devastation that was caused by a single unattended cigarette
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๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋น„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋Œ€์ฐธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ์€
02:34
prompted massive change
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๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ ํ™”์žฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
02:35
in how Baltimore and the rest of the country
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02:37
protect itself against urban fires.
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๋Œ€ํญ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
We saw changes in three major areas.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:43
First, we began using data to make buildings safer
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ™”์žฌ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:47
and to improve the way we respond to fires.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Governments passed ordinances
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ์ฒซ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ์กฐ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
that became the basis of the first building codes:
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02:56
standards that inform the design and construction of buildings
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์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•ด
02:59
to make them more resistant to fire
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ํ™”์žฌ์— ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
03:01
and to protect the people that occupy them.
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03:03
We installed fire alarms so that we could detect and pinpoint fires in buildings
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ํ™”์žฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:07
as soon as they occur
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03:09
and alert people of the need to evacuate.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And we created national standards for firefighting equipment
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๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ •ํ•ด
03:15
so that crews coming out of state could hook up their hoses.
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ํƒ€ ์ฃผ์˜ ์†Œํ™”์ „๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ํ˜ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The second area of change is that we created a culture of fire safety.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜์—ญ์€ ํ™”์žฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
We regularly test fire alarms and fire hydrants,
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ํ™”์žฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ธฐ์™€ ์†Œํ™”์ „์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:26
and we educate people about the risk of fires,
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ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ, ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ™”์žฌ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์š”๋ น์„
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ต์œกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
how to prevent them and what to do when one occurs.
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03:33
You remember "stop, drop and roll" fire drills in schools?
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ โ€œ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”!โ€œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:37
These exercises prime us to act when the alarms go off.
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์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ํ™”์žฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์š”๋ น์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ฃ .
03:42
Even if there's no noticeable sign of fire,
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
03:44
we know we're supposed to get out of the building
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
03:46
until someone tells us it's safe to go back.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
The third area of change was that we built up our fire defenses.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Communities across the country created and staffed fire departments
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ง์›์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด
03:57
so that they'd be ready to respond in emergencies.
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
And because we don't know when the next fire is going to occur,
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:02
we operate our fire defenses 24 hours a day, every day,
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์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์—ฐ์ค‘๋ฌดํœด 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:06
and we don't get rid of our fire defenses
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๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํฐ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„
04:09
just because we haven't had a fire for a couple of years.
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์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Data, drills and defense.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์•ˆ์ „ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ํ™”์žฌ๋ฐฉ์–ด.
04:14
The collective impact of changes implemented in the US since 1904
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1904๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•๋ถ„์—
04:19
has meant that we no longer have the same number of great urban fires
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ, 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ์˜
04:23
that were so frequent in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Now I first came to Baltimore 17 years ago,
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17๋…„ ์ „์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ
04:32
actually when the city was gearing up
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๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ 100์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ถ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Great Fire.
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04:37
I came to study infectious disease outbreaks,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ
04:39
and even then, well before COVID-19,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋„
04:42
it was abundantly clear that the risk of our experiencing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:45
a dangerous pandemic
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04:47
was high and increasing.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
By the year 2000,
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2000๋…„, ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š”
04:50
the number of emerging infectious disease outbreaks that was occurring
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1940๋…„๋Œ€์˜ 4๋ฐฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
was four times greater than in the 1940s.
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04:56
And in the last 17 years, we have witnessed a string of events
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 17๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฒ•์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„
05:00
that have each exposed vulnerabilities in how we respond to infectious diseases
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ดค๊ณ 
05:04
and have challenged us in ways that should have made us really worried
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์ง„์งœ ํฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๊ฑฑ์ •์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:07
how we'd fare when the big one hit.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
I first heard about COVID December 2019.
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์ €๋Š” 2019๋…„ 12์›” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘
05:13
I was on vacation with my family,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:15
and in a few weeks we would learn
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
05:17
that the virus was spreading easily between people.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
As an epidemiologist, that's when the alarms went off.
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ข…์„ ์šธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:24
At that point, most of my work had been focused on other countries,
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๋‹น์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š”
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์ข… ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„
05:27
helping places develop the tools they needed
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05:29
to stop the spread of new diseases.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
But it was becoming clear the US was not taking the steps it needed
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋˜ํ•œ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋“ค์„
05:36
to protect us from the unfolding pandemic.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
On February 5, 2020,
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2020๋…„ 2์›” 5์ผ,
05:42
I testified before Congress about the US experience of COVID,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:46
and I said that just closing travel to China
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ถœ์ž…๊ตญ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
05:50
was not going to be sufficient,
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:52
that we urgently needed to bolster our defenses.
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์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
We had a lot of reasons to be worried.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ผ๋ คํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์•˜์ฃ .
05:58
Due to budget cuts,
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
06:00
there were 250,000 fewer public health workers in the US
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ธ๋ ฅ์€ 25๋งŒ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:04
than we needed.
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06:05
Our hospitals werenโ€™t ready for a surge of patients,
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๋ณ‘์›์€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:08
and the outbreak in China was causing disruptions
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์€
06:11
in global supplies of personal protective equipment and medicines.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
But our leaders didn't heed those alarms.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ข…์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
While other countries, like South Korea, snapped into action
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๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”
06:22
developing COVID tests and contact tracing programs,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ญํ•™์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:26
the US remained in denial.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ถ€์ •๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Instead of telling us how to protect ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์น™์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
06:32
our political leaders tried to assure us we had nothing to worry about.
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์ •์น˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Over the last year, I've worked
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์ž‘๋…„ ์ €๋Š” ์กด์Šค ํ™‰ํ‚จ์Šค ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
06:38
with the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:41
analyzing key COVID data
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
and gathering information from governments around the world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:45
And for much of the pandemic, we have had an inconsistent picture
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:48
of how much of a crisis COVID has been here in the US
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06:52
and who has been most affected
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์–ด๋Š ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ์ง€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:55
because states collect and report COVID data in inconsistent ways.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์—†์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Still today states report testing data, vaccine data, COVID demographic data
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ฐ€
07:07
differently.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Having nonstandard data, unstandardized data,
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๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—†์ด
์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:15
in the midst of a pandemic
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07:17
is like not being able to hook up your hoses to the hydrants
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ํ˜ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™”์ „์—
07:21
when your country is burning down.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Today, our culture of safety around infectious diseases is in shambles.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
We finally have vaccines, lifesaving tools to end the pandemic.
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์ข…์‹์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ์ธ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:36
And too many of us wonโ€™t take them.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
If we thought about pandemics the way we thought about fires,
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ํ™”์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:45
what we would do would be to try to learn as much as possible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์œ ํ–‰์—์„œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ 
07:49
about our vulnerabilities during COVID
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07:51
and work to ensure we are never again left so unprotected.
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋ฌด๋ฐฉ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
We would commit to action in three areas.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Data, drills and defense.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๋ฐฉ์–ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:03
First, we would develop systems to ensure we have the data we need
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด
08:07
to know when and where there's danger and how best to protect ourselves.
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์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋””๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
The next time there's a concerning outbreak in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:14
we wouldn't just wait until people get sick enough
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง„ ์•Š์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
to go to the hospital to test them.
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08:18
We would go out and start looking for infections
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์›์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
so that we could detect them as early as possible.
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08:23
And every case we find, we would investigate it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด
08:26
so that we could quickly learn
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
what specific places and activities are most likely to get people sick
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08:31
instead of just saying, "Stay home, if you can, for two years."
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โ€˜๋˜๋„๋ก ์ง‘์— ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”, 2๋…„๋™์•ˆ์š”โ€™ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์š”.
08:36
And we would develop national data standards,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด
08:38
so that data from New Jersey
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๋‰ด์ €์ง€์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
could be meaningfully compared to data from Oklahoma.
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08:43
The second area of action would be to start building a culture of safety
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ
08:49
that empowers us as individuals and businesses
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๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…, ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:51
and community organizations to protect ourselves and others.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์™€ ํƒ€์ธ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
We would work to ensure that everyone had access to in-home tests
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด
09:00
so that we could know if it's safe to go to work or to see family.
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์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
We would teach people about the threat, how to protect themselves
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ, ๋Œ€์‘๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ „ํŒŒ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
09:09
and how not to spread it to others.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
But this education would be mostly a reminder
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ต์œก์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณต์Šต์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
because we would be practicing these skills
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๋‹ค์Œ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
well in advance of the next pandemic.
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09:20
We would use every flu season as a drill.
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๋…๊ฐ ์œ ํ–‰์„ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Long before COVID-19, Taiwan began staging mass vaccination exercises
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด์ „์—๋„ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์€ ๋งค ๋…๊ฐ ์œ ํ–‰ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
every flu season.
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09:30
They did this to boost vaccination rates in the most vulnerable,
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์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:34
but also to practice how they would do it in a pandemic,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ์š”๋ น์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด
09:37
so that well in advance of a crisis,
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ
09:39
people would know where and how they would get a vaccine.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Now, at a time when the country is incredibly divided,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:49
I know it may seem impossible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ
09:51
that we could build this culture of safety around infectious diseases that we need.
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๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ €๋„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
But I have spent the last year and a half talking to all sorts of people
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„ 6๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„
10:00
with a range of views on these issues,
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์ž ๋“ฑ
10:03
from top leaders to QAnon believers.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And I assure you, we all want to protect ourselves and our families.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
But we need to build trust.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์Œ“์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
And we can't do that
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ›„
10:17
if we wait until the next crisis to talk to each other.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Šฆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
The third area where we'd take action
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์…‹์งธ๋กœ๋Š”
10:24
is to build our defenses against infectious diseases.
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์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•  ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Instead of a skeletal public health infrastructure
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๋งค ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์œ ํ–‰๋งˆ๋‹ค ํœ˜์ฒญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋Š”
10:31
that waxes and wanes with every crisis,
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ํ•ด๊ณจ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋Œ€์‹ 
10:33
we would maintain, for good,
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์ƒ์‹œ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š”
10:36
a large cadre of highly skilled public health professionals
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:39
who work day in and day out
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10:41
to make our communities healthier and safer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ 
10:43
and be ready to respond in an emergency.
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์‘๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
We'd reduce our structural vulnerabilities to infectious diseases,
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋Œ€์‘์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:50
starting with our buildings,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์„œ
10:52
updating our building codes and ventilation systems
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10:55
so that we could be assured
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์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
that these spaces will not result in super spreading.
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11:00
And we would implement economic defenses:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
policies that provide financial and social support to people
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๋ณธ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:07
who need to stay home because they're sick
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์ž๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:09
or a loved one is sick or they need to quarantine
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์žฌ์ •์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
11:13
so they don't have to choose between following public health guidance
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์ƒ๊ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
11:16
and earning a paycheck.
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์—†๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Data, drills and defense.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๋ฐฉ์–ด.
11:22
If we acted
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์ด ์„ธ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:24
in these three ways,
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11:27
we'd have a much better shot of keeping the next pandemic threat
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์ดํ›„์— ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •๋„๋กœ
11:31
to a manageable outbreak
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
instead of a blazing inferno that engulfs entire cities and countries.
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง‘์–ด์‚ผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ์ง€์˜ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
11:41
When people ask me
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ
11:44
when the pandemic is going to end,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ข…์‹๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ
11:48
I don't think they're also wondering when the next one is going to occur.
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์ดํ›„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
They are, understandably, focused on getting past this threat.
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์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ 
12:00
They want to know for how much longer do we have to hold our breath
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์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™”์—ผ์ด ์—†์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ˆจ์„ ์ฐธ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
12:04
until the flames of the pandemic die down.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
But conflagrations don't end just because one was put out.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„์••๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
The frequency and severity of fires changes when changes are made.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:18
The same is true for pandemics.
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
So when people ask me when are things going to go back to how they were,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์ œ ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:33
I have to say: hopefully never.
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์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ โ€œํ‰์ƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์š”โ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:45
Helen Walters: Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you.
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ์›”ํ„ฐ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
So you talked about trust in that --
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์•ž์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:52
and we've seen the vaccine rate, when it's available,
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๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์›ํ™œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์ ‘์ข…๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณด์•„
12:56
it's really shockingly low,
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12:57
and much of that is really related to trust,
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ
13:00
trust in the systems, trust in society.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
What are ways that you think that we can do a better job as a society
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘์ข…์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:07
to convince people that vaccines are safe and people should take them?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
13:12
Jennifer B. Nuzzo: I think, first of all, donโ€™t give up on people.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž: ์šฐ์„  ์„ค๋“์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
I have seen people change.
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13:16
And you have to come at your conversations with people
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
from a place of empathy.
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13:23
Try to understand why, right?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:25
We don't do enough of that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
13:27
trying to understand why people feel that way,
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13:30
and engage with them, hear them.
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๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€๋„, ๋“ค์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
I have found that just simply giving space to people,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ค˜์„œ
๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ๋งํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
13:35
to allow them to talk about their anxieties and their concerns
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13:38
and having the conversation
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13:40
takes it from a culture war to just a conversation between human beings.
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๋ฌธํ™” ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
And we've lost that ability,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:47
and part of the pandemic has taken that ability from us
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋นผ์•—์€ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
13:51
because we've had few opportunities.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
But we really do have to talk to each other
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •๋ง ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
and have the hard conversations,
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13:58
and just recognize that we're all walking through this world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:02
trying to get the same things, trying to do the same thing.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ , ๋˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
HW: Well, thank you for everything that youโ€™re doing, Jennifer.
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ: ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž๋‹˜.
14:09
JBN: Thank you.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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