A stellar history of modern astronomy | Emily Levesque

88,148 views ใƒป 2020-12-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์„ฑ์ค€ ์•ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
1987๋…„, ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ์˜ค์Šค์นด ๋‘์•Œ๋ฐ๋Š”
์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ข€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„
00:12
In 1987, a Chilean engineer named Oscar Duhalde
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๋งจ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
became the only living person on the planet
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์˜ค์Šค์นด๋Š” ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ๋ผ์Šค ์บ„ํŒŒ๋‚˜์Šค ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ด€์ธก ์ „๋‹ด์š”์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
to discover a rare astronomical event
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์˜ค์Šค์นด์˜ ์ฃผ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ์šด์šฉ๊ณผ
00:23
with the naked eye.
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00:25
Oscar was a telescope operator at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
He worked with the astronomers who came to the observatory for their research,
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์˜ค์Šค์นด๋Š” 2์›” 24์ผ ๋ฐค์—
์ž ๊น ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
00:34
running the telescopes and processing the data that they took.
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๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
On the night of February 24th,
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00:40
Oscar stepped outside for a break
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๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์œ„์„ฑ ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
and looked up at the night sky and he saw this.
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2์›” ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์˜ค์Šค์นด๋Š”
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
This is the Large Magellanic Cloud.
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00:48
It's a satellite galaxy very near our own Milky Way.
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์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
But on that February night,
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
00:53
Oscar noticed that something was different about this galaxy.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์€ํ•˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋น›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
It didn't quite look like this.
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00:58
It looked like this.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:01
Did you see it?
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01:02
(Laughter)
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01:03
A small point of light had appeared in one corner of this galaxy.
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์šฐ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถ•์†Œํ•ด์„œ
์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ค‘์•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์€ํ•˜๋Š”
01:09
So to explain how amazing it is that Oscar noticed this,
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01:12
we need to zoom out a bit
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์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
and look at what the southern sky in Chile looks like.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:17
The Large Magellanic Cloud is right in the middle of that image,
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01:21
but despite its name, it's really small.
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์˜ค์Šค์นด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ
์ง์—… ์ƒ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Imagine trying to notice one single new point of light
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01:27
appearing in that galaxy.
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์˜ค์Šค์นด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
01:30
Oscar was able to do this
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๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
because he had the Large Magellanic Cloud essentially memorized.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ์ฐฝ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ
01:36
He had worked on data from this galaxy for years,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:39
poring over night after night of observations
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01:42
and doing it by hand,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:44
because Oscar had begun his work in astronomy
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๋‹ฌ ํƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์Šˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:47
at a time when we stored all of the data that we observed from the universe
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ํ’€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด
01:51
on fragile sheets of glass.
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๋‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:54
I know that today's theme is "Moonshot,"
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ํ‰์†Œ๋ž‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:56
and as an astronomer, I figured I could start us out nice and literally,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
so here's a shot of the Moon.
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๋จผ์ € ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
(Laughter)
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์›๋ณธ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
02:03
It's a familiar sight to all of us, but there's a couple of unusual things
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๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
about this particular image.
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02:08
For one, I flipped the colors.
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1894๋…„์— ์ฐ์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„
02:10
It originally looked like this.
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์ธํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And if we zoom out, we can see how this picture was taken.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜ ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:16
This is a photograph of the Moon taken in 1894
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
on a glass photographic plate.
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02:22
This was the technology that astronomers had available for decades
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
to store the observations that we took of the night sky.
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
I've actually brought an example of a glass plate to show you.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ์ธํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฒ€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„๋ก
02:34
So this looks like a real secure way to store our data.
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ํ™”ํ•™ ์œ ํ™”์•ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:38
These photographic plates were incredibly difficult to work with.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:42
One side of them was treated with a chemical emulsion that would darken
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์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
when it was exposed to light.
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02:48
This is how these plates were able to store the pictures that they took,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—
๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ์ž๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:51
but it meant that astronomers had to work with these plates in darkness.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋Š” ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์นผ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:56
The plates had to be cut to a specific size
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์–ด๋‘์ปด์ปดํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
so that they could fit into the camera of a telescope.
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03:01
So astronomers would take razor-sharp cutting tools
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์ด ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๋น›์— ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก
03:04
and slice these tiny pieces of glass,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์—ด, ๋ƒ‰๋™ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:08
all in the dark.
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์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ๋ชฌ์ฆ™์— ์ ์‹œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„
03:10
Astronomers also had all kinds of tricks that they would use
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03:12
to make the plates respond to light a little faster.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„
03:15
They would bake them or freeze them, they would soak them in ammonia,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ๋ผ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
or they'd coat them with lemon juice --
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์ด๋•Œ ์œ ํ™” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ
03:20
all in the dark.
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03:22
Then astronomers would take these carefully designed plates
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๋น›์— ๊ฐ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:25
to the telescope
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ๋Š”
03:26
and load them into the camera.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์„ ์œ ํ™”์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„๊ฐ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
They had to be loaded with that chemically emulsified side pointed out
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์— ์ž…์ˆ ์„ ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ฅ์•„์„œ
03:32
so that the light would hit it.
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03:33
But in the dark, it was almost impossible to tell which side was the right one.
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๋ˆ์ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Astronomers got into the habit of tapping a plate to their lips,
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ๋ผ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
03:41
or, like, licking it, to see which side of the plate was sticky
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ์ง„ ์† ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์€
03:45
and therefore coated with the emulsion.
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03:48
And then when they actually put it into the camera,
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์•„์ฃผ ์‚ด์ง ํœ˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
there was one last challenge.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ๋ผ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
03:52
In this picture behind me,
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03:54
you can see that the plate the astronomer is holding
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์•„์ฃผ ์„ธ์‹ฌํžˆ ๋งŒ๋“  ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„
03:56
is very slightly curved.
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03:58
Sometimes plates had to be bent to fit into a telescope's camera,
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ํŽด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ...
04:02
so you would take this carefully cut, meticulously treated, very babied plate
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์ž˜ ๋  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹ญ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
up to a telescope, and then you'd just ...
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์ด๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ
04:11
So sometimes that would work. Sometimes they would snap.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์…”ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณ 
04:14
But it would usually end with the [plate] loaded into a camera
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
on the back of a telescope.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ณ„์† ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์จ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
You could then point that telescope
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04:21
to whatever patch of sky you wanted to study,
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์˜†์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:23
open the camera shutter,
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04:24
and begin capturing data.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ๋‚ด์˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
04:27
Now, astronomers couldn't just walk away from the camera
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04:29
once they'd done this.
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๋”๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
They had to stay with that camera for as long as they were observing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ์ƒ์ธต์— ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค
04:34
This meant that astronomers would get into elevators
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ๋ผ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„œ
04:37
attached to the side of the telescope domes.
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ ์ถ”์œ„์— ๋–จ๋ฉด์„œ
04:40
They would ride the elevator high into the building
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
04:43
and then climb into the top of the telescope
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์…”ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:45
and stay there all night shivering in the cold,
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04:49
transferring plates in and out of the camera,
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์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ์ง€์ƒ์— ๋‚จ์€ ๊ด€์ธก ์š”์›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
opening and closing the shutter
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์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”์„ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ
04:53
and pointing the telescope to whatever piece of sky
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:55
they wanted to study.
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04:57
These astronomers worked with operators who would stay on the ground.
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์ž˜ ์šดํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And they would do things like turn the dome itself
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์•„์ฃผ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ์ผ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ
05:03
and make sure the rest of the telescope was running.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ฆญ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
It was a system that usually worked pretty well,
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05:08
but once in a while, things would go wrong.
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ์šฐํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:10
There was an astronomer observing a very complicated plate
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๋…ธ๋ž€๋น›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ
05:14
at this observatory, the Lick Observatory here in California.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ์ถ”์œ„์— ๋–จ๋ฉด์„œ
05:17
He was sitting at the top of that yellow structure
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งž์ถฐ
05:20
that you see in the dome on the lower right,
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœํ•ด
05:22
and he'd been exposing one glass plate to the sky for hours,
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์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
๋„์ค‘์— ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€
05:27
crouched down and cold
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ๋”์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
and keeping the telescope perfectly pointed
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05:31
so he could take this precious picture of the universe.
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๊ด€์ธก์š”์›์ด ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„ค ๋•Œ
05:34
His operator wandered into the dome at one point
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๋ฒฝ์— ์‚ด์ง ๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
๋” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ๋ช… ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
just to check on him and see how things were going.
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05:39
And as the operator stepped through the door of the dome,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์— ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ๋น›์ด ์ž”๋œฉ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
05:43
he brushed against the wall and flipped the light switch in the dome.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์€ ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ 
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šธ๋ถ€์ง–๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋Š” ๊ณ ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์•…๋‹ด์„ ํผ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
So the lights came blazing on and flooding into the telescope
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โ€œ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ง“์„ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ? ๊ณต๋“ค์ธ ์ผ์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋ง์ณค์ž–์•„!
05:52
and ruining the plate,
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05:53
and there was then this howl from the top of the telescope.
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๋‹น์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์–ด!โ€
๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
The astronomer started yelling and cursing and saying,
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05:59
"What have you done? You've destroyed so much hard work.
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์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋Œ๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์€ ๋ง์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
I'm going to get down from this telescope and kill you!"
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06:05
So he then starts moving the telescope
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ•˜๋‹ˆ
06:07
about this fast --
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
(Laughter)
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06:09
toward the elevator
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:11
so that he can climb down and make good on his threats.
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์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:13
Now, as he's approaching the elevator,
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06:15
the elevator then suddenly starts spinning away from him,
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๊ด€์ธก์š”์›์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
โ€œ๋ฌด์ง€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค. ์ง„์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด.โ€
06:18
because remember, the astronomer can control the telescope,
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06:21
but the operator can control the dome.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ณ„์† ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋”๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:23
(Laughter)
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06:24
And the operator is looking up, going,
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์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ถ”๊ฒฉ์ „์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
"He seems really mad. I might not want to let him down until he's less murdery."
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
So the end is this absurd slow-motion game of chase
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋„
06:33
with the lights on and the dome just spinning around and around.
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ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋˜
06:36
It must have looked completely ridiculous.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฌด์‹ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
When I tell people about using photographic plates to study the universe,
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๋ ˆ๋ชฌ์ฆ™์— ์ ์‹ ๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ํ–๊ณ 
06:42
it does sound ridiculous.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์— ๋ผ์šด ๋’ค ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ์˜†์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
06:44
It's a little absurd
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06:45
to take what seems like a primitive tool for studying the universe
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์กฐํ™”๋กœ์šด ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”.
06:48
and say, well, we're going to dunk this in lemon juice, lick it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
stick it in the telescope, shiver next to it for a few hours
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์•‰์€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ „์— ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
06:54
and solve the mysteries of the cosmos.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
06:57
In reality, though, that's exactly what we did.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์€ ์—๋“œ์œˆ ํ—ˆ๋ธ”๋กœ
07:00
I showed you this picture before
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07:01
of an astronomer perched at the top of a telescope.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
07:04
What I didn't tell you is who this astronomer is.
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์ด์ œ๊ป ์•Œ๋˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ
07:07
This is Edwin Hubble,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†ก๋‘๋ฆฌ์งธ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
and Hubble used photographic plates
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์ด 1923๋…„์— ์ฐ์€
07:12
to completely change our entire understanding
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์„ฑ์šด์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
of how big the universe is and how it works.
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ์šฐ์ƒ๋‹จ์—๋Š”
07:18
This is a plate that Hubble took back in 1923
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๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๊ธ€์”จ๋กœ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•œ ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
of an object known at the time as the Andromeda Nebula.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋Š๋‚Œํ‘œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ™์˜€์ฃ .
07:26
You can see in the upper right of that image
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ด‘์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
that Hubble has labeled a star with this bright red word, "Var!"
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์€ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์„ฑ์šด์—์„œ ๋ณ€๊ด‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
He's even put an exclamation point next to it.
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๋ณ€๊ด‘์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€์ฃ .
07:34
"Var" here stands for "variable."
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์€ ๋ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์• ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:36
Hubble had found a variable star in the Andromeda Nebula.
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์„ฑ์šด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:40
Its brightness changed,
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07:41
getting brighter and dimmer as a function of time.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Hubble knew that if he studied how that star changed with time,
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ์šด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:48
he could measure the distance to the Andromeda Nebula,
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ์šด์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์€ํ•˜๋กœ
07:51
and when he did, the results were astonishing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ
250๋งŒ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
He discovered that this was not, in fact, a nebula.
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค์€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜ ์™ธ์—
07:57
This was the Andromeda Galaxy,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ
07:59
an entire separate galaxy two and a half million light years
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ฐœ๋…์„
08:02
beyond our own Milky Way.
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08:04
This was the first evidence of other galaxies
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
existing in the universe beyond our own,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๊ด€์ธก ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
and it totally changed our understanding of how big the universe was
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
and what it contained.
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์ฆ๊ฒจ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ฃ .
08:16
So now we can look at what telescopes can do today.
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์•Œ๋ก๋‹ฌ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
This is a modern-day picture of the Andromeda Galaxy,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:21
and it looks just like the telescope photos
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๊ด€์ธกํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
that we all love to enjoy and look at:
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08:25
it's colorful and detailed and beautiful.
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ์•ฝ 792m์ธ
08:28
We now store data like this digitally,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
and we take it using telescopes like these.
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ณ  ๊น”๋”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:34
So this is me standing underneath a telescope with a mirror
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ๋น›์„
08:37
that's 26 feet across.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Bigger telescope mirrors let us take sharper and clearer images,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:44
and they also make it easier for us to gather light
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์ „์— ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
from faint and faraway objects.
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08:49
So a bigger telescope literally gives us a farther reach
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
into the universe,
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์ฒซ ์ถœ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์• ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
looking at things that we couldn't have seen before.
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08:57
We're also no longer strapped to the telescope
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์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋”์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
09:00
when we do our observations.
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09:01
This is me during my very first observing trip
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๊ตณ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜
09:04
at a telescope in Arizona.
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๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
09:06
I'm opening the dome of the telescope,
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์•„๋“ํžˆ ๋จผ ๋ฐœ์น˜์—์„œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
but I'm not on top of the telescope to do it.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:10
I'm sitting in a room off to the side of the dome,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์— ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
nice and warm and on the ground
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‰ด๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:15
and running the telescope from afar.
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09:18
"Afar" can get pretty extreme.
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๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:19
Sometimes we don't even need to go to telescopes anymore.
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์‹œ์• ํ‹€์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
09:23
This is a telescope in New Mexico that I use for my research all the time,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ์™€
09:26
but I can run it with my laptop.
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์…”ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋‹ซ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜
09:28
I can sit on my couch in Seattle
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ
09:31
and send commands from my laptop
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
telling the telescope where to point,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์šด์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:35
when to open and close the shutter,
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09:37
what pictures I want it to take of the universe --
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
all from many states away.
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09:42
So the way that we operate telescopes has really changed,
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์˜ค์Šค์นด ๋‘์•Œ๋ฐ๊ฐ€ 1987๋…„์—
๋‚˜์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธกํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ
09:45
but the questions we're trying to answer about the universe
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
09:48
have remained the same.
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09:50
One of the big questions still focuses on how things change in the night sky,
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์•„์ง๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
09:55
and the changing sky was exactly what Oscar Duhalde saw
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๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์˜ ์ •์ฒด๋Š” ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
when he looked up with the naked eye in 1987.
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400๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ
10:02
This point of light that he saw appearing in the Large Magellanic Cloud
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งจ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
10:07
turned out to be a supernova.
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๊ฝค ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:10
This was the first naked-eye supernova
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
seen from Earth in more than 400 years.
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โ€œ์ •๋ง? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ๋ฐ
์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ ์ด์ž–์•„.โ€
10:17
This is pretty cool,
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10:18
but a couple of you might be looking at this image and going,
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์ด๋ฆ„๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์žฅ๊ด€์ด
10:21
"Really? I've heard of supernovae.
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ํŽผ์ณ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
They're supposed to be spectacular,
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ์ดˆ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€, ์ดˆ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๋ณ„์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:24
and this is just like a dot that appeared in the sky."
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10:27
It's true that when you hear the description of what a supernova is
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
10:30
it sounds really epic.
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10:32
They're these brilliant, explosive deaths of enormous, massive stars,
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์‚ฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ดˆ๋ผํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
๋ถ„๋ช… ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์ฃ .
10:36
and they shoot energy out into the universe,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
10:38
and they spew material out into space,
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
and they sound, like, noticeable.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ๊ด‘๋…„์€ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น ์ •๋„์ธ๋ฐ
10:42
They sound really obvious.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ
10:44
The whole trick about what a supernova looks like
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:47
has to do with where it is.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
If a star were to die as a supernova
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ฐค์— ๋œฌ ๋‹ฌ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:51
right in our backyard in the Milky Way, a few hundred light years away --
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10:55
"backyard" in astronomy terms --
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๋…์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
it would be incredibly bright.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์  ํ…Œ๊ณ 
10:59
We would be able to see that supernova at night
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€์„œํŠนํ•„ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:02
as bright as the Moon.
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11:03
We would be able to read by its light.
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์•„๋งˆ ํ•ด์‹œํƒœ๊ทธ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ชป ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
Everybody would wind up taking photos of this supernova on their phone.
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11:09
It would be on headlines all over the world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค์Šค์นด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์€
11:12
It would for sure get a hashtag.
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๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
It would be impossible to miss that a supernova had happened so nearby.
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17๋งŒ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:19
But the supernova that Oscar observed
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11:21
didn't happen a few hundred light years away.
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์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘์€ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:24
This supernova happened 170,000 light years away,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งจ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์€
11:29
which is why instead of an epic explosion,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ
11:32
it appears as a little dot.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:34
This was still unbelievably exciting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
It was still visible with the naked eye,
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11:39
and the most spectacular supernova
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:40
that we've seen since the invention of the telescope.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:43
But it gives you a better sense of what most supernovae look like.
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์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:47
We still discover and study supernovae all the time today,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:51
but we do it in distant galaxies using powerful telescopes.
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์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ
๋ณ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
We photograph the galaxy multiple times,
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฐ ์ง„์ฒ™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:57
and we look for something that's changed.
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11:59
We look for that little pinprick of light appearing
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์šฐ์—ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
that tells us that a star has died.
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๊ทธ์ € ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:04
We can learn a great deal about the universe and about stars
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12:07
from supernovae,
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
but we don't want to leave studying them up to chance.
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด๋ž€
12:11
We don't want to count on happening to look up at the right time
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์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ
12:15
or pointing our telescope at the right galaxy.
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์˜ค์Šค์นด๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟจ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
What we ideally want is a telescope
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์˜ค์Šค์นด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์™ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:20
that can systematically and computationally
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
do what Oscar did with his mind.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด
12:27
Oscar was able to discover this supernova
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12:30
because he had that galaxy memorized.
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๊ธฐ์กด ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ƒˆ ๊ด€์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด
์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:33
With digital data,
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12:35
we can effectively memorize every piece of the sky that we look at,
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์ด๊ฑธ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ๋ฒ ๋ผ ๋ฃจ๋นˆ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
compare old and new observations
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์ง€๋‚œ 3์›”์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:41
and look for anything that's changed.
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๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ํ…Œ๊ณ 
12:45
This is the Vera Rubin Observatory
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12:47
in Chile.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ
12:49
Now, when I visited it back in March, it was still under construction.
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๊ด€์ธก ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
But this telescope will begin observations next year,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
12:56
and when it does,
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12:57
it will carry out a simple but spectacular observing program.
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๋ฉฐ์น  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†
๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ 10๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
This telescope will photograph the entire southern sky
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์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ
13:06
every few days
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13:08
over and over,
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๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด
13:09
following a preset pattern
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13:11
for 10 years.
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13:13
Computers and algorithms affiliated with the observatory
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๋ฐ์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง„ ๋ณ€๊ด‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:16
will then compare every pair of images taken of the same patch of sky,
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
looking for anything that's gotten brighter or dimmer,
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13:24
like a variable star,
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13:25
or looking for anything that's appeared,
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๋ฃจ๋นˆ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋ผ๋ฉด ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค
13:27
like a supernova.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Right now, we discover about a thousand supernovae every year.
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์ด๋กœ์จ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๋ฉด์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์–ด
13:33
The Rubin Observatory will be capable of discovering a thousand supernovae
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์—†์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
every night.
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13:39
It's going to dramatically change the face of astronomy
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๊ธฐ์กด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธก ํ›„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
13:43
and of how we study things that change in the sky,
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
and it will do all of this
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13:47
largely without much human intervention at all.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์„ค ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
It will follow that preset pattern
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13:52
and computationally find anything that's changed or appeared.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
This might sound a little sad at first,
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13:58
this idea that we're removing people from stargazing.
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์ด์ œ๊ป ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
But in reality,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์˜†์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋๊ณ 
14:03
our role as astronomers isn't disappearing,
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14:05
it's just moving.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
We've already seen how we do our jobs change.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ถˆ์„ ์ผœ๊ณ 
14:09
We've gone from perching atop telescopes
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
to sitting next to them
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14:13
to not even needing to go to them or send them commands at all.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ง€์‹์„ ์‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ฃ 
14:17
Where astronomers still shine
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14:19
is in asking questions and working with the data.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์€
14:22
Gathering data is only the first step.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ํƒ„์ƒ, ์ข…๋ง
14:25
Analyzing it is where we can really apply what we know about the universe.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์™ธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Human curiosity is what makes us ask questions like:
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14:33
How big is the universe? How did it begin?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ
14:35
How's it going to end? And are we alone?
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๊ด€์ธก ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:38
So this is the power that humans are still able to bring to astronomy.
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์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑดํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:43
So compare the capabilities of a telescope like this
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
with the observations that we were able to take like this.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์ฃ .
14:49
We discovered amazing things with glass plates,
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๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
but discovery looks different today.
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
14:55
The way we do astronomy looks different today.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
14:57
What hasn't changed is that seed of human curiosity.
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:01
If we can harness the power of tomorrow's technology
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
and combine it with this drive that we all have to look up
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
and to ask questions about what we see there,
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:11
we'll be ready to learn some incredible new things
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15:14
about the universe.
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15:15
Thank you.
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15:16
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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