The Truth About Human Population Decline | Jennifer D. Sciubba | TED

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2023-10-03 ใƒป TED


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The Truth About Human Population Decline | Jennifer D. Sciubba | TED

728,173 views ใƒป 2023-10-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์†ก์ง€ ์กฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
Astronomers tell us that when we look to the night sky,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ์ €๋… ํ•˜๋Š˜์€
00:07
we're actually looking back in time.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Light from those faraway stars takes so long to reach our eyes
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์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋ณ„๋“ค์˜ ๋น›์ด
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—„์ฒญ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
here on Earth,
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00:15
that by the time we wish upon a particular star,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ„์— ์†Œ์›์„ ๋นˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:18
it may no longer even exist.
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๊ทธ ๋ณ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ € ๋ณ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
I'm here to tell you the population of Earth
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00:23
is a lot like those stars.
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00:25
In parts of the globe,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค„๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณง ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
the human population is already, or will soon be, shrinking.
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00:31
I know what you're thinking.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And yes, total population is still growing from eight billion today
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๋„ค, ์ด์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 80์–ต์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
to a peak of probably nine or 10 billion.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ 90์–ต, 100์–ต์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
But when we track total increase,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
00:41
we're looking at the star that seems to be shining brightly,
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ๋ณ„์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:45
but in actuality has already imploded.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ๋ณ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
And thatโ€™s because thereโ€™s a difference between whatโ€™s happening on the surface --
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์™œ๋‚ดํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€
๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
which is obvious total growth -- and the tectonic forces beneath.
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00:56
Since the 1960s, world population has more than doubled,
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
but the growth rate has been falling the entire time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
We're witnessing the most fundamental shift to take place
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
in modern human history.
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01:09
The shift towards pervasive and permanent low fertility,
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๊ทธ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ณผ
01:14
population aging and eventual depopulation.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
Fertility is down everywhere,
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
just at different rates in different places.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
If fertility stays the same as it is today, just hold still,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ์ด ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:26
by the end of this century,
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01:28
China's population will be less than half of its current size.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
It's a loss of 800 million people.
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์ฆ‰, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 8์–ต ๋ช… ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:34
South Korea's will be down by 63 percent,
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 63% ์ค„๊ณ 
01:38
Poland's and Japan's by half,
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ํด๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Italy's and Thailand's by 44 percent,
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ํƒœ๊ตญ์€ 44% ์ค„๊ณ ,
01:45
Eastern Europe by 40 percent.
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๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ 40% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Even greater number of countries are already aging.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Again, just 20 years ago,
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 20๋…„ ์ „์—,
01:52
if we'd lined up everyone in Japan or Italy or Germany
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
01:56
from the youngest person to the oldest
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๋‚˜์ด์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
01:58
and we ask that person in the middle their age,
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด ๋งˆํ” ์‚ด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
they would have been 40 years old.
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02:03
Today, the populations of Thailand, Kuwait and Cuba are just as old,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํƒœ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ฟ ์›จ์ดํŠธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฟ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ณ 
02:07
with Chile, Iran and Vietnam close behind.
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์น ๋ ˆ, ์ด๋ž€, ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ด ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์ง ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
And even India,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ธ๋„,
02:11
as it seems to be this bright star,
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02:13
assuming the throne as world's most populous country,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๋„์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
๋Œ€์ฒด ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์ดํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
has below-replacement fertility.
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02:19
The number of young people entering into India's workforce
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ •์ ์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
has already peaked.
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02:24
People are the foundation of everything in a society.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
We're the workers and the voters
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๋…ธ๋™์ž์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์ด๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
and the soldiers and the caregivers.
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02:31
So how many of us there are and who we are, that matters.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
We're on track for there to be more people over age 60
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ฏค์ด๋ฉด 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
02:39
than under the age of 14 by the middle of this century.
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14์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
That radical shift in modern human society
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
02:45
presents us with a world of possibilities.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Our demography is our destiny, yes,
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:51
but how we react to that demography is not preordained.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€๋™์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ• ์ง€๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
What possible worlds might we create
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์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:59
if we thoughtfully plan for an older,
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๋…ธ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
03:01
smaller population?
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03:04
In one possible world,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
we put our heads in the sand
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03:06
and keep going about our business as usual.
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03:09
We have seen most societies react like they're living in this world
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:12
and throw money at people to have more babies.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํ—›์ˆ˜๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But it doesn't work.
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 16๋…„ ๊ฐ„ 210์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ
03:17
South Korea has spent 210 billion dollars
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03:20
over the last 16 years trying to raise fertility
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:23
and they keep hitting record lows, under one child per woman on average.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋‹น ํ•œ ๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ์ €์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
In this status quo world,
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
03:30
we keep the same economic models that assume infinite population growth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:35
and amass more debt to pay for our public spending.
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๊ณต๊ณต ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์Œ“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Our social safety nets stay the same,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
which, those rely on more inputs from workers
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์€ํ‡ด์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ธˆ์— ๋” ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
than withdrawals from retirees.
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03:44
That's what we call a pay-as-you-go system.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Western Europe is already struggling to keep these systems afloat
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์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:50
because in many of those countries
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
03:52
there are only two workers for every retiree.
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์€ํ‡ด์ž ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•  ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ช…๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
You can see how top heavy the population's age structure is here
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
03:59
and how in the next few years it will grow even more so that way.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
In a status quo world,
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
04:06
the world's most powerful countries continue to increase military spending
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ํž˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
04:10
and try to project power beyond their borders,
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ํž˜์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
even as their national budgets strain
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
04:15
and the recruiting pool for soldiers shrinks.
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๊ตฐ์ธ์ด ๋  ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:18
Hello, Russia, China, and maybe even the United States.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ๋‹ค๋“ค ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:22
So what results from failing to adapt and clinging to the status quo?
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์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์ƒ ์œ ์ง€์— ๋ชฉ์„ ๋งจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:26
Systems overload and break.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ๋ถ•๊ดด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
We have higher labor costs which lead to inflation
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๋…ธ๋™ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
04:31
and that just makes it even more expensive to have children.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ˆ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Social security systems go bankrupt
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
04:37
and we lose the gains we've made in reducing old-age poverty.
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๋…ธ๋…„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
But a head in the sand world isn't as bad as a fearful one.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ โ€˜ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒโ€˜์€ โ€˜๋”์ฐํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒโ€™๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์€ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
In a fearful world,
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โ€˜๋”์ฐํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒโ€™์—์„œ๋Š”
04:50
the ability to choose how many children to have
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ, ๋ช‡์„ ๋‚ณ์„์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
and when to have them gets taken away.
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04:56
Something that's easier in less democratic settings.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And not good news here either.
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05:01
Twenty years ago, almost all of our aging countries were democracies.
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20๋…„ ์ „, ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Now, a quarter of them,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
05:07
those with median ages of 35 or higher, aren't free.
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์ค‘์œ„ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 35์‚ด ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด ์ž์œ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And I know we see this idea of coercion in science fiction,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ
05:15
but it's not just science fiction.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ์„ค ์† ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
In 1965, when Nicolae Ceauศ™escu took the helm in Romania
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1965๋…„ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์— ์ฐจ์šฐ์…ฐ์Šค์ฟ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์ง‘๊ถŒํ•ด์„œ
05:20
and he wanted more Romanian babies,
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๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์›ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:22
he forced it to happen through invasive measures.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋™์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Fertility temporarily spiked,
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
but not without dire consequences for women and for those children,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฐธํ˜นํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
many of whom were abandoned to orphanages.
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๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:35
In a fearful world,
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์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:38
immigration becomes more restricted.
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์ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋” ์ œํ•œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜์˜ค์™€ ๋ถ„์—ด์€ ๋” ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
There's more hatred and division
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05:41
as majority groups fear being replaced by people who don't look like them.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Thereโ€™s less global cooperation as aging, shrinking countries,
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๋…ธ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์  ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ 
05:49
they lose the willingness
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
and ability to think about causes outside their borders and fund those.
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05:55
We can't come together on pandemics or climate change
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
05:58
or other transboundary issues.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Does any of this sound familiar?
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์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ๋ง ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:03
I actually don't think we're fully in this world yet,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
even if way too much of this hits close to home.
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ํ„ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ณด ์ง์ „์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:09
But I can imagine how we might get there
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:12
if we aren't proactive to shape the world we want.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
And what kind of world would we want?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:18
Well, in a resilient world,
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โ€˜๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒโ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
we compete to attract talent from across the globe
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:24
and set aside our nationalist tendencies.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ์น˜์›Œ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
A shrinking world is in our future,
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์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:29
but obviously some places are much closer than others.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania,
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ, ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์™€ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋Š”
06:37
fertility is still high enough that each generation is twice the size
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋†’์•„์„œ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
of the one before it.
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06:43
Those young and growing populations can be a tremendous resource
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์ธ์  ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์™€
์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:47
for their national economies
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06:49
if we have investments in human capital and other policies
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์ Š๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š”
๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž์›์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
that can help these countries reap a demographic dividend.
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06:56
And they can be a resource for the global economy too.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ž์›๋„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
I mean, the US and Canada,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:00
they stand out as still growing despite below replacement fertility in both.
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
And in fact, Canada had record population growth last year,
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:09
96 percent of which was due to immigration.
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96%๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏผ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
07:14
Theirs aren't the only models for immigration
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07:16
and there are obvious trade-offs to opening your borders.
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ด์ต๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
But no one said this would be easy.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
And speaking of things not being easy, we're going to have to work longer.
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์ ์€
์ €๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Me too. You too.
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OECD๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ
07:28
And that's because in nearly half of economies that the OECD tracks,
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07:33
fewer than 10 percent of people over the age of 65 still work.
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65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ 10% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฑด โ€™๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒโ€ฒ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
That is not going to fly in a resilient world.
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07:40
But in a resilient world,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:41
we've rethought what work looks like at older ages,
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๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
07:44
and we strategically leverage technology to maximize our productivity.
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์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And we can work longer because we're healthier.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
In a resilient world,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:52
we finally realize that investing in health
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07:54
is a much better use of time and resources
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
than trying to dictate population size.
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07:59
Similarly, in a resilient world, we've put in place policies,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…, ์žฅ๋ ค ์ œ๋„, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
08:03
incentives and technologies
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08:05
that recognize how we consume is just as important
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
as how many of us consume.
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08:11
And the environment is healing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ํšŒ๋ณต๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
In a resilient world,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด
08:15
those societies closer to the start of this demographic transition
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08:19
take advantage of the time to plan and institute sustainable systems
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
in the face of their demographic change.
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08:26
This is important
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์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
because for the population ages 60 plus
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด
08:30
to go from 15 percent of the total to 30 percent,
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์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 15%์—์„œ 30%๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€
08:33
it'll take Ireland 92 years,
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” 92๋…„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:36
the United Kingdom 89 years,
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์˜๊ตญ์€ 89๋…„,
08:39
and Germany 70 years.
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๋…์ผ์€ 70๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
For that same demographic shift to happen now,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
08:45
it'll take India 34 years,
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์ธ๋„๋Š” 34๋…„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:48
Mexico 32,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋Š” 32๋…„, ์ด๋ž€์€ 20๋…„,
08:50
Iran 20
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08:52
and Thailand, only 19.
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ํƒœ๊ตญ์€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 19๋…„๋ฐ–์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
It's happening faster now.
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์ ์  ๋” ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
And we really need to realize this because those countries have to act,
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋…ธ๋ น์ธต ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๋“ฑ
09:00
including suites of policies like moving away from informal economies
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
that increase the risk of poverty in older ages.
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09:08
You know, there are so many people on the planet right now
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” 65์„ธ์—์„œ 74์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
09:11
just between the ages of 65 and 74,
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09:14
that altogether they'd be the third most-populous country in the world.
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์ „๋ถ€ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
There's far more of them than there are global migrants,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ ?
09:21
which we don't hear about, right?
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๋ฉด 8์–ต ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
And there'll be 800 million of them by the middle of this century.
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09:26
They're a vast untapped resource in most places in the world right now,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์“ฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
but a well-utilized one in a resilient world
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09:33
and to mutual benefit.
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09:37
We should run from a fearful world and get our heads out of the sand.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ง์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
And we should be able to imagine a much better, more resilient world.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
I've always thought that the way we feel about population aging
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”์—
๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด
09:50
to a large extent reflects the really negative way
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์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํˆฌ์˜๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
we feel about our individual aging.
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09:55
And that bias has held us back.
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๊ทธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
But just as with our own aging, this shift is inevitable.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
So what are we going to do about it?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:05
As individuals,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด
10:06
we know that our actions now set us up to live longer, healthier,
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๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ , ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์„
์ค€๋น„ํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
more financially secure lives.
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10:14
Our society's actions set us up
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ด
10:17
for one of these three worlds to become our reality.
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
10:21
Let's make it a resilient world and reimagine a grayer,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
๋” ๋‚˜์ด๋“ค๊ณ , ๋” ์ž‘์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:25
smaller world as a beautiful one.
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10:28
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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