Steven Allison: Earth's original inhabitants -- and their role in combating climate change | TED

51,817 views

2021-05-03 ใƒป TED


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Steven Allison: Earth's original inhabitants -- and their role in combating climate change | TED

51,817 views ใƒป 2021-05-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: SH min ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:13
Microbes are everywhere.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
They live in the air, the ocean,
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ 
00:17
the soil and on our bodies, lots of them.
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ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด์š”.
00:21
But before you reach for the hand sanitizer,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์† ์†Œ๋…์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:23
take a look at these beautiful bacterial mats
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:26
in Yellowstone's Grand Prismatic Spring.
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์˜๋กœ์Šคํ†ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์˜ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋งคํ‹ฑ ์˜จ์ฒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Theyโ€™re absolutely amazing
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์ •๋ง ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜์ฃ .
00:30
because theyโ€™ve somehow figured out how to grow happily
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ๋„
00:33
at near boiling temperatures.
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์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Ever since life on Earth began, probably in a place like this,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:39
microbes have kept planetary chemical cycles in balance.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Today, humans are altering that balance and changing the climate
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ทธ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๊นจ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
by emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
00:50
But microbes might be able to help us with our climate problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
After all, microbes are Earth's original and most adaptable inhabitants.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:58
Now, I know that not everyone is so enamored with microbes.
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์ž, ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
01:02
My biology students tell me that they usually think of "pathogen"
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์ œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ณ‘๊ท ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
01:05
when they hear the word "microbe"
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01:07
and I know we're in the middle of a global viral pandemic.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘๋„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
01:11
But you should keep in mind that far less than one percent of microbial diversity
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 1% ์ดํ•˜๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
is actually pathogenic to humans.
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01:17
In fact, most of the microbes we encounter are beneficial.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
There are trillions of bacteria, fungi and viruses
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๊ท , ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
01:24
living in and on us right now,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
more of them than human cells in the body.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
01:29
They help us digest our food, protect us from disease
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋•๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
01:32
and maybe even choose our mates.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Microbiologists call this assemblage of tiny interlopers the human microbiome.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
We now know that there are microbiomes in basically every environment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ฃ .
01:47
In the same way that they help our human bodies stay healthy,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํžˆ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด
01:50
microbiomes in water, soil and air are critical for planetary health.
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๋ฌผ, ํ† ์–‘, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
For example, cyanobacteria in the ocean carry out photosynthesis
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:59
and provide a large fraction of the planet's breathable oxygen.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Even though they're tiny,
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ
02:04
their green color can be seen from outer space with satellites.
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๋‚จ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:07
They may be harder to see,
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:09
but microbiomes in the soil are just as important
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ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
as the human or ocean microbiome.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:14
I think about soil as a skin for the planet
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ํ† ์–‘์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
that provides nutrients to sustain crops and other plants.
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
02:20
As an ecologist and climate scientist,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž์ด์ž ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
02:22
I've been studying the microbes that live in soil for 20 years now.
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ† ์–‘์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Just like we've seen with the human microbiome,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
02:28
cutting-edge techniques in molecular biology,
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DNA ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
02:30
especially DNA sequencing,
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์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
02:32
show that soil microbiomes are extremely diverse
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ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:35
in their genes and life cycles.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Scientists are starting to figure out how we can harness
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด
02:40
the diversity of these often invisible organisms
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
02:43
to solve global problems like climate change and food insecurity.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Take agricultural crops, for example.
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด
02:51
With climate change causing more frequent heat waves and droughts,
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ํญ์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
02:54
crop plants may become stressed,
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์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
02:56
reducing yields and threatening food security.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
But microbes can help.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:00
There are symbiotic fungi called mycorrhiza
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๊ทผ๊ท ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ๊ท ์€
03:03
that grow out from plant roots and into the soil
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ† ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
03:06
where they collect water and nutrients.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Then the plant and its symbiotic fungus make a trade.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ท ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
The fungus sends water and nutrients into the plant roots
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๊ท ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:16
and the plant pays back the fungus with sugars from photosynthesis.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ ๋‹น๋ถ„์„ ๊ท ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:20
To reduce stress on plants from climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:22
farmers can inoculate the soil with these beneficial fungi.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์ต๊ท ์„ ํ† ์–‘์— ์ ‘์ข…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Land managers are also starting to use the same approach
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ํ† ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
03:29
to help native plants recolonize degraded soil
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ํ™ฉํํ•ด์ง„ ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ์•ผ์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ์„ธํ•˜๋„๋ก
03:32
during habitat restoration.
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์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
So the next time you support an environmental cause,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:38
maybe through a nonprofit donation or volunteer work,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:41
remember, soil microbes need conservation too.
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ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ๋ณด์กด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:45
The planet also relies on soil microbiomes for other essential services.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋„ ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Have you ever thought about what happens to living things
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๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ, ์ด๋ผ, ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•˜๋ฉด
03:52
like these leaves, mosses and mushrooms when they die?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:55
I'm not talking about an existential crisis.
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๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
I'm talking about microbial decomposition.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:01
Think about it like a type of biological recycling
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ
04:04
practiced by very diligent microbes.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:07
They take dead bodies and turn them into useful nutrients.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–‘๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Without this essential service,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:12
life on Earth would grind to a halt
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ํ™œ๋™์€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
because dead stuff would pile up,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋งŒ ์Œ“์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
04:16
depriving the next generation of life forms of the raw materials
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์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
04:20
needed for growth.
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๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:22
Hundreds of researchers funded by the US Department of Energy
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด
04:26
are even trying to figure out how to co-opt microbial decomposition
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์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
to produce sustainable biofuels
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
04:31
from wood, grasses and other plant materials.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด, ํ’€, ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:35
Fuels derived from plants and microbes are part of the climate solution
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์‹๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์œ ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
because they don't rely on fossil carbon sources
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ํ™”์„ ์œ ๋ž˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ž์›์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:41
like coal and oil.
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์„ํƒ„๊ณผ ์„์œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
04:43
At the same time, ecologists like me are very concerned
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๋™์‹œ์—, ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:46
about how climate change might affect microbial recycling in the environment.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
A warming climate might speed up the process
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์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:54
and release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
A drier climate might slow down the microbes
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๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด์ง„ ๊ธฐํ›„๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋Šฆ์ถฐ์„œ
04:59
and leave plants starved for essential nutrients.
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Fortunately, there is reason for hope.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:06
Microbes are super adaptable because they can evolve very quickly.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
For example, you may have heard of pathogenic bacteria like staph
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํฌ๋„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด
05:14
evolving antibiotic resistance.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Of course, that's bad for us.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
05:19
But the same evolutionary process
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง„ํ™”์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
05:21
could also help microbes adapt to climate change, which is good.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
After all, microbes evolved long ago
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด
05:28
to survive extreme conditions like the hot springs of Yellowstone.
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์˜๋กœ์Šคํ†ค์˜ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์˜จ์ฒœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทนํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ ๋ƒˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:32
Just like our human cells, each microbial cell contains a genome.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ์„ธํฌ์— ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
And just like our genomes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:37
microbial genomes contain genes or DNA sequences
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ DNA ์„œ์—ด์—
05:40
with instructions for growth and survival.
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์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
My colleagues and I have identified genes
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์ €์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ท ์ด
05:44
that allow bacteria and fungi to survive drought
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
05:47
and decompose dead plant material.
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์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
We're currently doing experiments to see how fast these genes evolve
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:54
and what kinds of genetic changes
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ท  ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
05:56
make bacteria and fungi more resistant to drought.
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„์— ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Some of our prior research shows that microbes have the potential
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
to deal with climate change.
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06:06
Microbiomes and the services they provide could cope not just by evolving,
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:11
but also by shifting around the dominant species of microbes.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ ์ข…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
Microbiomes are so diverse
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์„œ
06:17
that even if some of the species die out with climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋ช‡ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฉธํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
06:20
others might survive and take their place, allowing nature's recycling to continue.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ .
06:26
To test this idea, my colleagues and I designed special cages
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
์ €์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด
06:29
to contain microbiomes
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„œ์‹์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
from different habitats in Southern California.
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06:33
We sampled microbiomes from places
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:35
ranging from forested mountaintops
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์šธ์ฐฝํ•œ ์‚ฐ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
06:37
to hot deserts.
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06:38
Each cage contained a microbiome from one of these places
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๊ฐ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ์žฅ๋น„๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๊ณผ
06:42
along with sterilized dead grass for the microbes to use as a food source.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฉธ๊ท ๋œ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
We then put the cages back into the different habitats
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์— ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:49
so that the microbiomes experienced pretty dramatic changes in climate.
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์›๋ž˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ทธ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
We expected that the microbes from the cooler places
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„
06:55
would die out when we moved them to the warm places like the hot desert,
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
and that they would lose their ability
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์ฃฝ์€ ์ž”๋”” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
07:01
to consume and recycle the nutrients in the dead grass material.
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07:06
But when we looked at the results,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
07:07
I was really shocked.
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
The microbiomes were almost unfazed by this massive climate difference.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:14
There were some changes in the dominant species,
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์šฐ์ ์ข…์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:16
but mountaintop microbes decomposed dead grass just as well
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ์š”.
07:20
as desert microbiomes in the hot, dry climate.
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07:23
This result tells us the microbiomes have the ability to evolve
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:27
and shift to deal with really dramatic climate changes.
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Another way that soil microbiomes can be part of the climate change solution
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
07:36
is by building healthy soil.
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ํ† ์งˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Many soil bacteria and fungi ooze out sticky chemicals
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ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ท ์€
๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•ด ํ™์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
to glue themselves onto soil surfaces.
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07:45
The glue and the microbes
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ด ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด
07:46
form these biofilms that hold soil particles together.
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ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์žก์•„๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
This helps the soil resist erosion
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์นจ์‹์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ 
07:52
and hold more water that's available for plants.
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
07:54
Microbes and their biofilms also play a big role in soil carbon sequestration.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์€ ํ† ์–‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์—๋„ ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Many forms of carbon from plants, like sugars, don't last long in the soil
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๋‹น๋ถ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์œ ๋ž˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
because they're food for many organisms, including the microbes.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:08
But microbodies and biofilms are made up of complex chemicals.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
For example, many microbes build cell walls for protection,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
08:17
so the wall material has to be resistant to biochemical attack.
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์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:21
When the microbes die, their corpses, especially those cell walls,
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š”
08:25
can stick around for a really long time, maybe even thousands of years.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡์ฒœ ๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
08:30
In this way, soil acts a lot like a bank vault for carbon.
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ํ† ์–‘์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
More carbon in the bank means healthier soil
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์€ํ–‰์— ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ† ์–‘์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:36
and less greenhouse gas buildup in the atmosphere.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Microbes are sort of like the Federal Reserve.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
They can take cash off the street in the form of these plant sugars
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์‹๋ฌผ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋‹น๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
08:45
and lock it away in a chemical vault for long-term storage.
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ธˆ๊ณ ์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:49
With the science of climate change becoming more and more obvious every day,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋งค์ผ ์ ์  ๋” ํ™•์‹คํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ,
08:53
we need to figure out how to adapt, for sure.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์‘ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Some scary outcomes, like emerging microbial diseases,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„
09:00
are definitely something we need to plan for.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
But microbes can be a part of the climate solution
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:06
if we figure out how to leverage all that microbiome diversity.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
To be honest, though, making sense out of complex microbiomes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
09:13
is still a big scientific challenge.
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์•„์ง ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๋„์ „์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Their complexity is both a blessing and a curse.
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๊ทธ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์€ ์ถ•๋ณต์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ์ €์ฃผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:19
We're only beginning to understand
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
all the strange and wonderful microbial lifestyles
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์ง€๊ตฌ ํƒœ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์˜จ
09:24
that have been evolving since the origins of life on Earth.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„์š”.
09:27
This digital artwork called "Microbes Reimagined"
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โ€˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€
09:30
does a great job of capturing that sense of mystery.
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๊ทธ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•จ์„ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
But one thing we do know for sure is that microbes are not just pathogens.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ณ‘๊ท ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Our lives literally depend on them.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:41
So next time you take a breath outside,
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๋‹ค์Œ๋ฒˆ ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ๋•Œ๋Š”
09:43
imagine all those oxygen-spewing cyanobacteria
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:47
floating around in the ocean,
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09:49
and when the time comes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด
09:51
and you draw in that last and final breath,
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09:54
take comfort in knowing that soil microbes will be there
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ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:57
to turn your body into useful nutrients.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:01
Even as we enjoy these benefits of microbiomes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์ต์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:04
climate change remains a potentially existential threat to our well-being.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์กด ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
But dangerous climate change is not inevitable, at least not yet.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์น˜๋ช…์  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
With the right cutting-edge research,
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์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
10:15
diverse microbiomes could become a big part of the solution
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ
10:18
to our climate problem.
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์‚ผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:20
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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