What Do Insects Do When Nature Calls? | Saad Bhamla | TED

38,338 views ใƒป 2023-03-03

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeong-han Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hansol Ryu
00:04
I love bugs.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
00:07
I think of them as natureโ€™s tiny engineers
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
00:11
because they come up with the most extraordinary and incredible solutions
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
00:15
to lifeโ€™s problems.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:17
And I just love observing them
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
00:18
because they're so full of surprises and curiosities.
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๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์  ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:22
During my career, I studied spiders that use their webs as a slingshot
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•„๋งˆ์กด ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:27
to capture prey deep in the Amazon rainforest,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์„ ์ƒˆ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ,
00:30
worms that tangle up with each other
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๊ตด ๋“ฑ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์œผ๋ ค
00:33
and form knots to form these shape-shifting blobs
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์„œ๋กœ ๋’ค์—‰์ผœ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
00:36
to survive in harsh environments such as sewers and caves,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์„,
00:39
and tiny aquatic beetles that bring their own scuba gear when they dive,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด์— ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„๋‹ค์ด๋น™ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”
00:43
on their butts.
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
But today, I'm going to tell you a story
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ž์—ฐ ์† ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ
00:48
about one of nature's most extraordinary engineers
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ํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ž ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ
00:52
that pushes the limits of fluid mechanics and bioengineering
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ฒด ์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
00:57
and, arguably, solves their number one problem --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:02
how insects pee.
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โ€˜๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™
01:05
A few years ago, my student, Elio Challita, and I
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „, ์ œ์ž ์—˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌํƒ€์™€ ์ €๋Š”
01:09
observed this tiny insect having a private moment
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์ด ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋ณผ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„
01:11
in our own backyards in Atlanta,
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์•„ํ‹€๋ž€ํƒ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ๋’ค๋œฐ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
and we couldn't believe our eyes.
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๋‘ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:15
This insect was peeing for hours,
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์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์งธ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:18
and it was so quick we could barely see it.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:21
And we were blown away -- we had never seen anything like this.
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์™„์ „ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:24
We had never seen an insect pee.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:26
So today, I'm going to tell you how insects pee,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š”์ง€,
01:30
why they pee so much and in this way,
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์™œ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹ธ๋Š”์ง€,
01:32
and finally, why you should care about insect pee.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์™œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•„์…”์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:37
So sit back and relax -- you're in for a treat.
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์ž ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•‰์œผ์„ธ์š”, ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑธ์š”.
01:39
(Laughter and applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ, ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:43
(Laughs) So one of the first things we had to discuss
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:46
is "Wait a second -- insects pee?"
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โ€˜์ž ๊น, ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค๋„ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ผ๋‹ค๊ณ ?โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
And it turns out that almost all insects pee,
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์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด
01:52
in one form or another.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
It's a closed system -- what goes in must come out.
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๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ๋‹ซํžŒ ๊ณ„์˜ˆ์š”. ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
But the protagonist of today's story, Homalodisca vitripennis,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต, ํ˜ธ๋ง๋กœ๋””์Šค์นด ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŽœ๋‹ˆ์Šค
01:59
or a glassy-winged sharpshooter --
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ํ˜น์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋Š”,
02:01
isn't it gorgeous?
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
02:02
You can see where it gets its name from, it's got these transparent wings.
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:05
This insect specializes in feeding on xylem fluid from plants.
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์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ ๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋นจ์•„๋จน๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Itโ€™s a sapsucker.
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๋”ฑ๋”ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋จน์–ด์š”.
02:13
But I think of it as a plant's mosquito.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋…€์„์„ ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
02:15
And just after a mosquito sucks your blood,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
02:18
it leaves behind a parting gift --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
02:20
so do these sharpshooters
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ๋ฐ
02:22
that spread bacteria into these plants,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œ์ผœ
02:25
and it causes devastating and deadly diseases in plants,
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ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ
02:28
killing them.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
This is a huge problem in agriculture, including here in California,
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๋†์—…์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด์ฃ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋„
02:32
where it caused millions of dollars in damage to vineyards.
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋„ ๋†๊ฐ€์— ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
And you can appreciate what they lack in size,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ€์‹ 
02:39
they make up in numbers.
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ์Šน๋ถ€ํ•ด์š”.
02:41
This is what millions of insects feeding and peeing looks like.
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
If only this woman knew where that water was coming from.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”.
02:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:52
Now, don't worry, this insect's pee is just water.
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์ž, ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ค์คŒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And so for the first time, I'm going to show you this behavior,
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„
02:59
slowed down with our high-speed cameras,
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์Šฌ๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
and this is what we discovered.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
We realized that this insect forms a droplet of pee,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์˜ค์คŒ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋’ค
03:07
and then it flings them at extreme accelerations,
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์ค‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€์†๋„์˜ 40๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†๋„๋กœ ํŠ•๊ฒจ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
03:11
of 40 g-forces.
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
That's 40 times faster than the sprint of a cheetah.
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์น˜ํƒ€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์งˆ์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค 40๋ฐฐ ๋น ๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:16
These insects are really packing a punch from their butts.
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์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค ์—‰๋ฉ์ด์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํž˜์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
03:19
And we wanted to under-- (Laughs)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ...(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:23
We wanted to take a closer look at this flicker,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
03:26
so we put this insect and took a look under a microscope at its business end,
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์€๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:30
and this beautiful structure has a scientific name:
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ
03:33
it's called a butt flicker.
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โ€˜์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋–จ์ดโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:36
And this is what we discovered.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
We realized that this insect had evolved springs and latches,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ์šฉ์ˆ˜์ฒ ๊ณผ ๊ฑธ์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
just like a catapult, so that it could efficiently hurl its droplets of pee,
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ํˆฌ์„๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ, ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์˜ค์คŒ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ ธ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:46
repeatedly, at these high accelerations.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋กœ์š”.
03:49
Now, we wanted to measure the speed at which this flicker was moving,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์žฌ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:54
and the droplets,
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์˜ค์คŒ ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์†๋„๋„์š”.
03:55
so we measured the speed of both the droplets and the flicker.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค์คŒ ๋ฐฉ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:01
And this is where we made a puzzling observation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
The speed of the droplets in the air was faster than the flicker.
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๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:07
So if you take a ratio of that, we were expecting it to be 100 percent,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:10
but turns out that the speed of the droplets
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์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€
04:13
are about 150 to 200 [percent] faster than the flicker itself.
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ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์•ฝ 150์—์„œ 200ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๋” ๋นจ๋ž๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:18
This is why this is counterintuitive:
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์™œ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋ƒ๋ฉด,
04:20
imagine a Yankees baseball player throwing a ball at 100 miles an hour.
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๋‰ด์š• ์–‘ํ‚ค์Šค ์•ผ๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์„ ์‹œ์† 100 ๋งˆ์ผ๋กœ ๋˜์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:24
At some point during that throw,
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๊ณต์„ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:26
their hands and fingers are moving at 100 miles an hour.
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๊ทธ ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์†๊ณผ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์€ ์‹œ์† 100 ๋งˆ์ผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:29
Say an amateur ballplayer throws a ball at 50 miles an hour,
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ํ•œ ์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด ์•ผ๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์„ ์‹œ์† 50 ๋งˆ์ผ๋กœ ๋˜์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ ,
04:32
and if you measure the speed of the ball
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๊ทธ ๊ณต์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์žฌ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
04:34
and it's 100 miles an hour in midair,
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์‹œ์† 100 ๋งˆ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
weโ€™d be surprised -- where would that extra speed come from, right?
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ , ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
04:39
This is exactly what these insects are doing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:41
So to solve this puzzle, we went back and looked at our videos.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And weโ€™ll play this a couple of times --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
see if you can figure this out.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ž˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:50
Did you catch it?
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๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
04:51
Let me grab a frame.
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์ •์ง€ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:53
We realized that unlike a baseball thatโ€™s rigid ...
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฑด, ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ์•ผ๊ตฌ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:55
due to surface tension, these tiny droplets are squishy,
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์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋“ค์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์žฅ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐŒ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
04:59
and we had an โ€œahaโ€ moment.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” โ€˜์•„ํ•˜โ€™ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
05:01
We were wondering if this insect is storing energy
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ์ง์ „ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
05:03
due to the surface tension just before launch.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:06
And to test this, we did, naturally, what any of us would do --
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด,
05:10
we converted our kitchen tables into a lab to test this.
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์ €ํฌ ์ง‘ ์‹ํƒ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:13
So now, we're going to place droplets on a speaker,
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ฐŒ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:16
to squish them at high speeds,
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์Šคํ”ผ์ปค ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
and this is what we discovered.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
We realized that water that flows in our faucets like a liquid,
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๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„
05:25
at these tiny scales, due to surface tension,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
05:28
with the right timing, can get a kick, store energy,
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ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์„ ์ž˜ ๋งž์ถฐ ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:31
and if you time it just right,
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ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์„ ์ž˜ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„
05:33
you can launch these off at extremely high speeds,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‚ ๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
just like a child on a trampoline.
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ํŠธ๋žจํŽ„๋ฆฐ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:38
And to test this idea of timing, we even built a catapult.
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์ด ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํˆฌ์„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Our should I say a "cata-pee"?
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ โ€˜ํˆฌ๋‡จ๊ธฐโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:47
And it reinforced this idea: too slow, the droplets donโ€™t go off,
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์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋” ํ™•์‹คํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ . ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋А๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
05:50
and then if you move at the right speed, you've flung this.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
So I've told you today
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑด
05:56
how these insects use this catapulting structure
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ์ด ๋ชจ์–‘ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:58
to store energy and surface tension
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•ด
06:01
and throw these droplets at record-breaking speeds
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๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
to be, really, number one ...
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์ผ๋“ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„
06:06
at number one.
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์ผ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์š”.
06:07
(Laughs) But why have these insects evolved this remarkable ability?
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:11
And there are two reasons for this.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Number one is they are on a zero-calorie diet.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค์ด 0์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
These tiny bugs are feeding from the xylem fluid
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ํ™์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€
06:20
that comes up through the roots, through the soil,
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์‹๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:23
and goes to the rest of the plant.
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๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
It's very, very poor in nutrients --
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๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์•ก์€ ์˜์–‘ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์ฃ .
06:26
it's just water and some minerals.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์งˆ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:28
This is unlike the phloem fluid, which is rich in sugar,
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๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์•ก์€ ์žŽ์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ผ
06:31
coming through photosynthesis at the leaves
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š”,
06:33
and going through the rest of the plant.
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๋‹น๋ถ„์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ด€ ์ˆ˜์•ก์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
This is akin to a human
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
06:37
purely sustaining themselves on a diet of diet lemonade.
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๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋งŒ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Very low energy source --
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์ •๋ง ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด์—์š”.
06:42
you'd have to constantly drink, but you'd have to constantly pee as well.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋งˆ์…”์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ„์† ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
This still doesn't explain why these insects pee in droplets,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™œ ์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ์ €ํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:49
and not in jets, like you and I would,
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š”์ง€
06:52
if you were to take a bio break.
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์„ค๋ช…์ด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Let's take a look at cicadas.
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๋งค๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:56
These are the cousins of these sharpshooters.
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์ƒคํ”„์Šˆํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋ป˜์ธ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
They're also xylem fluid feeders ...
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๋งค๋ฏธ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:02
and they pee in jets.
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๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ์ฃ .
07:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:04
I love this video.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ด์—์š”.
07:06
This shows cicadas doing two of their favorite things
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๊ฒจ์šธ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นฌ ๋งค๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„
07:08
when they come out of hibernation --
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:10
singing at the top of their lungs and peeing in the wind.
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๋ชฉ์ฒญ์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ๋ผ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ํฉ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์š”.
07:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:15
And the second reason why these insects pee in droplets is size --
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์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
these things are tiny, they're smaller than my pinky.
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์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”, ์ œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž‘์•„์š”.
07:22
In fact, the surface tension that enables them to store energy
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•ด์„œ
07:26
in these droplets to launch
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:28
is actually an impediment,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
because gravity doesn't matter,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†๊ณ ,
07:31
and surface tension sticks these droplets to their bodies.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชธ์— ๋ถ™๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:34
So they actually have to flick these droplets away --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ํŠ•๊ฒจ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
it's actually very difficult for these tiny bugs to pee.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
07:39
And that's why I just love studying bugs.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
This tiny engineer has figured out how to survive on barely just water
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์•ก ์† ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„
07:49
through the xylem fluid.
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์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
07:51
And itโ€™s figured out to do so, it has to drink a lot,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ , ์—„์ฒญ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ 
07:53
and pee a lot.
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์—„์ฒญ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
In that sense, it's not so different from other engineers I know
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ์ˆ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š”
07:58
on a Friday night at a bar.
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
07:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:00
But to do so,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
08:01
itโ€™s figured out it had to evolve this catapulting structure
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ํˆฌ์„๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ
08:05
and fling these droplets at high speeds.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๋‚ ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
And thatโ€™s why I always tell my students when we explore new bugs,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณค์ถฉ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
"It's not a bug, it's a feature."
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โ€œ๋ฒ„๊ทธ(์˜ค๋ฅ˜)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ.โ€
08:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:16
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:21
OK, so why should you care about insect pee,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์™œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ ์˜ค์คŒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋А๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
08:23
and whatโ€™s the practical application of this work?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
08:26
Maybe, maybe one day,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€
08:28
these ideas, these principles could help us design
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ, ์†๋ชฉ์‹œ๊ณ„,
08:31
more efficient water-ejector systems
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๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ
08:32
for our smartphones, our watches and hearing aids.
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
08:36
But I have to be honest,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
08:38
that's not really why I've obsessed over insect pee
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 4๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณค์ถฉ ์˜ค์คŒ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
08:42
for the last four years.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
08:45
I do this because when I share my work with kids,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค„ ๋•Œ
08:51
it ignites their curiosity.
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
08:53
When I talk about insect pee, it makes their eyes light up.
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๊ณค์ถฉ ์˜ค์คŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ดˆ๋กฑ์ดˆ๋กฑ ๋น›๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
They laugh, they run around in their backyards,
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์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค๋œฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
09:01
looking at bugs and asking questions.
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๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:04
It reminds them and us that we can discover marvelous in the mundane,
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์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
even in our own backyards.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง‘ ๋’ค๋œฐ์—์„œ๋„์š”.
09:12
We just have to look closely.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:14
Thank you so much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
(Cheers and applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ์„ฑ, ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:23
I've got to go pee.
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์˜ค์คŒ ๋ˆ„๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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