Golan Levin makes art that looks back at you

56,980 views ใƒป 2009-07-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soohyun Pae ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joanne Jung Eun Choi
00:12
Hello! My name is Golan Levin.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” Golan Levin์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
I'm an artist and an engineer,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ด์ž ๊ณตํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
which is, increasingly, a more common kind of hybrid.
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
But I still fall into this weird crack
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
where people don't seem to understand me.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:24
And I was looking around and I found this wonderful picture.
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์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
00:28
It's a letter from "Artforum" in 1967
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1967๋…„ ์•„ํŠธํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํŽธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
saying "We can't imagine ever doing a special issue
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'์˜ˆ์ˆ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
00:34
on electronics or computers in art." And they still haven't.
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์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”. ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ญ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ์ ์€ ์—†์ฃ .
00:37
And lest you think that you all, as the digerati, are more enlightened,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋ผ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹จ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„
00:42
I went to the Apple iPhone app store the other day.
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ „์— ์• ํ”Œ ์•„์ดํฐ ์•ฑ์Šคํ† ์–ด์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Where's art? I got productivity. I got sports.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ์–ด๋”จ์ฃ ? ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:49
And somehow the idea that one would want to make art for the iPhone,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด์งธ์„ ์ง€, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„์ดํฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ๊บผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
00:53
which my friends and I are doing now,
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์ €๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:55
is still not reflected in our understanding
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
00:58
of what computers are for.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
So, from both directions, there is kind of, I think, a lack of understanding
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์–‘ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
about what it could mean to be an artist who uses the materials
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
01:04
of his own day, or her own day,
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
which I think artists are obliged to do,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š”
01:08
is to really explore the expressive potential of the new tools that we have.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ ๊ทน ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
In my own case, I'm an artist,
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ
01:14
and I'm really interested in
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š”
01:16
expanding the vocabulary of human action,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
01:18
and basically empowering people through interactivity.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
I want people to discover themselves as actors,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
as creative actors, by having interactive experiences.
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์ƒํ˜ธ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
A lot of my work is about trying to get away from this.
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์ œ ์ผ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
This a photograph of the desktop of a student of mine.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘(desktop) ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
And when I say desktop, I don't just mean
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
01:35
the actual desk where his mouse has worn away the surface of the desk.
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ '๋ฐ์Šคํฌ ์œ„' ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:38
If you look carefully, you can even see
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
01:40
a hint of the Apple menu, up here in the upper left,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ๋ณด์ผ๋“ฏ ๋ง๋“ฏํ•œ ์• ํ”Œ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
where the virtual world has literally
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๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
01:45
punched through to the physical.
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ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
01:47
So this is, as Joy Mountford once said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ, Joy Mountford๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:51
"The mouse is probably the narrowest straw
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'๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š”, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:53
you could try to suck all of human expression through."
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋นจ๋Œ€" ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:58
And the thing I'm really trying to do is enabling people to have more rich
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:01
kinds of interactive experiences.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
How can we get away from the mouse and use our full bodies
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์†์„ ๋–ผ๊ณ 
02:05
as a way of exploring aesthetic experiences,
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์˜จ ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚˜์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:08
not necessarily utilitarian ones.
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๊ผญ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
So I write software. And that's how I do it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:13
And a lot of my experiences
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:15
resemble mirrors in some way.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Because this is, in some sense, the first way,
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ
02:19
that people discover their own potential as actors,
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ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and discover their own agency.
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๋˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ํž˜์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
By saying "Who is that person in the mirror? Oh it's actually me."
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'๊ฑฐ์šธ ์† ์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ง€? ์•—, ๋‚˜๋„ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:26
And so, to give an example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
this is a project from last year,
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์ž‘๋…„์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
02:30
which is called the Interstitial Fragment Processor.
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๋‹จํŽธ ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
And it allows people to explore the negative shapes that they create
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—
02:36
when they're just going about their everyday business.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
So as people make shapes with their hands or their heads
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ,
02:55
and so forth, or with each other,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
02:57
these shapes literally produce sounds and drop out of thin air --
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ํ—ˆ๊ณต์†์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
basically taking what's often this, kind of, unseen space,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
03:04
or this undetected space, and making it something real,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด
03:07
that people then can appreciate and become creative with.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
So again, people discover their creative agency in this way.
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํž˜์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
And their own personalities come out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
in totally unique ways.
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So in addition to using full-body input,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฒ• ์™ธ์—
03:21
something that I've explored now, for a while,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:23
has been the use of the voice,
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
which is an immensely expressive system for us, vocalizing.
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์ด ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Song is one of our oldest ways
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๋…ธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
03:31
of making ourselves heard and understood.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And I came across this fantastic research by Wolfgang Kรถhler,
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์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:36
the so-called father of gestalt psychology, from 1927,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ธ ๋ณผํ”„๊ฐ• ์พฐ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
who submitted to an audience like yourselves
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1927๋…„์ด๋ž˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:42
the following two shapes.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
03:44
And he said one of them is called Maluma.
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์ด ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ '๋ง๋ฃจ๋งˆ'์ด๊ณ 
03:46
And one of them is called Taketa. Which is which?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 'ํƒ€์ผ€ํƒ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:48
Anyone want to hazard a guess?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๊ณผ๊ฐํžˆ ์ฐ์–ด๋ณด์‹ค ๋ถ„?
03:52
Maluma is on top. Yeah. So.
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์œ„๊ฐ€ '๋ง๋ฃจ๋งˆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค.
03:54
As he says here, most people answer without any hesitation.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ง์„ค์ž„์—†์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
So what we're really seeing here is a phenomenon
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€
03:59
called phonaesthesia,
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'์Œ์„ฑ ์ƒ์ง•๋ฒ•'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
04:01
which is a kind of synesthesia that all of you have.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And so, whereas Dr. Oliver Sacks has talked about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ ์‚ญ์Šค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
04:05
how perhaps one person in a million
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด
04:07
actually has true synesthesia,
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:09
where they hear colors or taste shapes, and things like this,
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์ƒ‰์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ง›๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
phonaesthesia is something we can all experience to some extent.
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์Œ์„ฑ์ƒ์ง•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
It's about mappings between different perceptual domains,
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์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:16
like hardness, sharpness, brightness and darkness,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•จ, ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์›€, ๋ฐ์Œ, ์–ด๋‘์›€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
and the phonemes that we're able to speak with.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์šด๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
04:21
So 70 years on, there's been some research where
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 70๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์˜จ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
04:23
cognitive psychologists have actually sussed out
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์ธ์ง€์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
the extent to which, you know,
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€
04:27
L, M and B are more associated with shapes that look like this,
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L, M, B ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ๋” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:31
and P, T and K are perhaps more associated with shapes like this.
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P, T, K๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋” ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:35
And here we suddenly begin to have a mapping between curvature
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตด๊ณก, ์ฆ‰
04:37
that we can exploit numerically,
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์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตด๊ณก๊ณผ
04:39
a relative mapping between curvature and shape.
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ํ˜•ํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
So it occurred to me, what happens if we could run these backwards?
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด?
04:45
And thus was born the project called Remark,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ฆฌ๋งˆํฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
which is a collaboration with Zachary Lieberman
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์ž์ฐจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋งŒ๊ณผ
04:49
and the Ars Electronica Futurelab.
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์•„๋ฅด์Šค ์ผ๋ ‰ํŠธ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์นด ํ“จ์ฒ˜๋žฉ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
And this is an interactive installation which presents
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์  ์ „์‹œ๋กœ,
04:53
the fiction that speech casts visible shadows.
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๋ฐœํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
So the idea is you step into a kind of a magic light.
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๊ด€๊ฐ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น› ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
04:58
And as you do, you see the shadows of your own speech.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And they sort of fly away, out of your head.
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๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
05:03
If a computer speech recognition system
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฐœํ™” ์ธ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
05:06
is able to recognize what you're saying, then it spells it out.
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๊ด€๊ฐ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ธ€์ž๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
And if it isn't then it produces a shape which is very phonaesthetically
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์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด, ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:12
tightly coupled to the sounds you made.
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์ด ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๊ด€๊ฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
So let's bring up a video of that.
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์ž, ์ž๋ฃŒํ™”๋ฉด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
06:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:05
Thanks. So. And this project here,
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ
06:08
I was working with the great abstract vocalist, Jaap Blonk.
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์ €๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ ๋ณด์ปฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์žํ”„ ๋ธ”๋กฑํฌ์”จ์™€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
06:11
And he is a world expert in performing "The Ursonate,"
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'์–ด์†Œ๋„ค์ดํŠธ(The Ursonate)'๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด์‹  ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
which is a half-an-hour nonsense poem
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ 30๋ถ„ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:16
by Kurt Schwitters, written in the 1920s,
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1920๋…„๋Œ€์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ปคํŠธ ์Šˆ๋น„ํ„ฐ์Šค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
which is half an hour of very highly patterned nonsense.
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์ฆ‰, ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—†๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚˜์—ด๋กœ ๋œ 30๋ถ„์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And it's almost impossible to perform.
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๋‚ญ๋…์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
But Jaap is one of the world experts in performing it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žํ”„๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋‚ญ๋…์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
And in this project we've developed
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
06:29
a form of intelligent real-time subtitles.
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์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ง‰ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
So these are our live subtitles,
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์ž ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ง‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
that are being produced by a computer that knows the text of "The Ursonate" --
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์ด ์‹œ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹๋œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
06:38
fortunately Jaap does too, very well --
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์žํ”„ ์”จ๋„ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
and it is delivering that text at the same time as Jaap is.
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์•ผํ”„ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
So all the text you're going to see
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ธ€์ž๋“ค์€
06:55
is real-time generated by the computer,
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
06:57
visualizing what he's doing with his voice.
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์•ผํ”„์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Here you can see the set-up where there is a screen with the subtitles behind him.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋’ค ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ๋œจ๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋†“์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Okay. So ...
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๋„ค...
08:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:41
The full videos are online if you are interested.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์…”๋„ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
I got a split reaction to that during the live performance,
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์ด ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:45
because there is some people who understand
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:47
live subtitles are a kind of an oxymoron,
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:49
because usually there is someone making them afterwards.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:52
And then a bunch of people who were like, "What's the big deal?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ?"
08:55
I see subtitles all the time on television."
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"TV์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๊ตฌ๋งŒ." ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
08:57
You know? They don't imagine the person in the booth, typing it all.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ž–์•„์š”? ๋ถ€์Šค์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„์ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:00
So in addition to the full body, and in addition to the voice,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์™ธ์—
09:03
another thing that I've been really interested in,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ๋“ค์–ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:05
most recently, is the use of the eyes,
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๋ˆˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
or the gaze, in terms of how people relate to each other.
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ํ˜น์€ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
09:11
It's a really profound amount of nonverbal information
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ค๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋น„์–ธ์–ด์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
09:13
that's communicated with the eyes.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
And it's one of the most interesting technical challenges
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
09:17
that's very currently active in the computer sciences:
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ด์Šˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
being able to have a camera that can understand,
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:21
from a fairly big distance away,
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„
09:23
how these little tiny balls are actually pointing in one way or another
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
09:26
to reveal what you're interested in,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ 
09:28
and where your attention is directed.
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์–ด๋””์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:30
So there is a lot of emotional communication that happens there.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
And so I've been beginning, with a variety of different projects,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
09:37
to understand how people can relate to machines with their eyes.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
And basically to ask the questions:
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๋˜, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
What if art was aware that we were looking at it?
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
09:48
How could it respond, in a way,
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ• ๊นŒ?
09:50
to acknowledge or subvert the fact that we're looking at it?
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์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊นŒ?
09:53
And what could it do if it could look back at us?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๊ด€๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋˜๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ?
09:56
And so those are the questions that are happening in the next projects.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์ด์ œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
In the first one which I'm going to show you, called Eyecode,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ '์•„์ด์ฝ”๋“œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
10:01
it's a piece of interactive software
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์ƒํ˜ธ์  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ
10:03
in which, if we read this little circle,
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๊ด€๊ฐ์ด ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์›์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด
10:05
"the trace left by the looking of the previous observer
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๊ทธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์˜ ์ž์ทจ๋ฅผ
10:08
looks at the trace left by the looking of previous observer."
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
The idea is that it's an image wholly constructed
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ
10:13
from its own history of being viewed
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๊ทธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ด€๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
by different people in an installation.
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์„ค์น˜์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
So let me just switch over so we can do the live demo.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ด์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
10:22
So let's run this and see if it works.
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๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Okay. Ah, there is lots of nice bright video.
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๋˜๋„ค์š”. ์•„, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๋„ค์š”.
10:29
There is just a little test screen that shows that it's working.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‹œํ—˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
And what I'm just going to do is -- I'm going to hide that.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
And you can see here that what it's doing
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
is it's recording my eyes every time I blink.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊นœ๋นก์ผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:44
Hello? And I can ... hello ... okay.
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์—ฌ๋ณด์„ธ์š”? ์Œ..๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€..์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
And no matter where I am, what's really going on here
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์žˆ๋“  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ญ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
10:50
is that it's an eye-tracking system that tries to locate my eyes.
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์ œ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆˆ ์ถ”์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
And if I get really far away I'm blurry.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ํ๋ฆฟํ•ด์ง€์ฃ .
10:55
You know, you're going to have these kind of blurry spots like this
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์ž, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฆฟํ•œ ์  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”
10:57
that maybe only resemble eyes in a very very abstract way.
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์„ ์ข€ ๋‹ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
11:00
But if I come up really close and stare directly at the camera
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™• ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์„œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
11:03
on this laptop then you'll see these nice crisp eyes.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋˜๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
You can think of it as a way of, sort of, typing, with your eyes.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…”๋„ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
And what you're typing are recordings of your eyes
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ๋…นํ™”๋œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ž์น˜๋“ฏ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
as you're looking at other peoples' eyes.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So each person is looking at the looking
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
11:16
of everyone else before them.
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์ž์‹  ์•ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:18
And this exists in larger installations
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
11:20
where there are thousands and thousands of eyes
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
11:22
that people could be staring at,
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๊ทธ ๋ˆˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
11:24
as you see who's looking at the people looking
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:26
at the people looking before them.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์•ž์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:28
So I'll just add a couple more. Blink. Blink.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊นœ๋นก ๊นœ๋นก
11:31
And you can see, just once again, how it's sort of finding my eyes
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์ž, ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
11:34
and doing its best to estimate when it's blinking.
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์ œ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
11:37
Alright. Let's leave that.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฑด ์ด์ฏค ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
So that's this kind of recursive observation system.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:44
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
The last couple pieces I'm going to show
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
11:48
are basically in the new realm of robotics -- for me, new for me.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณตํ•™์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
11:50
It's called Opto-Isolator.
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๊ด‘ํ•™์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
And I'm going to show a video of the older version of it,
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋‹ด์€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
which is just a minute long. Okay.
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1๋ถ„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
In this case, the Opto-Isolator is blinking
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•™์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋Š”
12:08
in response to one's own blinks.
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๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด ๊นœ๋นก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
So it blinks one second after you do.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๊ณ  1์ดˆ๋’ค์— ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:13
This is a device which is intended to reduce
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
12:16
the phenomenon of gaze down to the simplest possible materials.
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์‘์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Just one eye,
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๋ˆˆ ํ•œ๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด
12:21
looking at you, and eliminating everything else about a face,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
but just to consider gaze in an isolated way
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๋Œ€์‹  ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผœ
12:26
as a kind of, as an element.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And at the same time, it attempts to engage in what you might call
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์—, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€์–ด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด
12:32
familiar psycho-social gaze behaviors.
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์†Œ์œ„ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์‘์‹œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
12:34
Like looking away if you look at it too long
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฑธ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‹œ์„ ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์ฃ .
12:36
because it gets shy,
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:38
or things like that.
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๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Okay. So the last project I'm going to show
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
is this new one called Snout.
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'์ฝ”' ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:49
It's an eight-foot snout,
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8ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
12:51
with a googly eye.
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ํ‰๋ฐฉ์šธ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:54
And inside it's got an 800-pound robot arm
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์ด ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด 800ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ •๋„๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ํŒ”์ธ๋ฐ์š”
12:57
that I borrowed,
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๋ญ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
12:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:00
from a friend.
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์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ์š”
13:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:03
It helps to have good friends.
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์นœ๊ตฌ ์ž˜ ๋‘๋‹ˆ ์ข‹๊ธด ์ข‹๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
13:05
I'm at Carnegie Mellon; we've got a great Robotics Institute there.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ๋ฉœ๋ก ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:08
I'd like to show you thing called Snout, which is --
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์ด '์ฝ”'๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…๋ฐ์š”,
13:10
The idea behind this project is to
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์˜๋„๋Š”
13:12
make a robot that appears as if it's continually surprised to see you.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋†€๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:20
The idea is that basically --
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๋ฉด,
13:22
if it's constantly like "Huh? ... Huh?"
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๊ณ„์† ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด "์—ฅ?...์—ฅ?"ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ, ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
That's why its other name is Doubletaker, Taker of Doubles.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€์ œ๊ฐ€ 'ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ณด๊ธฐ' ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
13:28
It's always kind of doing a double take: "What?"
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. "๋ญ์•ผ?" ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:30
And the idea is basically, can it look at you
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ปจ์…‰์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
13:32
and make you feel as if like,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜
13:34
"What? Is it my shoes?"
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"๋ญ์ง€? ๋‚ด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ๊ฐ€?"
13:36
"Got something on my hair?" Here we go. Alright.
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"๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์—ˆ๋‚˜?" ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์ž ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
14:10
Checking him out ...
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์ด ๋‚จ์ž ์ข€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:20
For you nerds, here's a little behind-the-scenes.
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ๋ชป์ฐธ๊ฒ ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
14:22
It's got a computer vision system,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
and it tries to look at the people who are moving around the most.
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์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
Those are its targets.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:42
Up there is the skeleton,
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์ € ์œ„๋Š” ํ•ด๊ณจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
which is actually what it's trying to do.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
It's really about trying to create a novel body language for a new creature.
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์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ชธ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
Hollywood does this all the time, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ—๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:59
But also have the body language communicate something
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชธ์ง“์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
15:01
to the person who is looking at it.
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
This language is communicating that it is surprised to see you,
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์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ด์„œ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค,
15:05
and it's interested in looking at you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:19
Thank you very much. That's all I've got for today.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
And I'm really happy to be here. Thank you so much.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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