How to use SINCE, FOR, and UNTIL

133,054 views ใƒป 2020-05-01

Speak English With Vanessa


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Vanessa: Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.comใฎใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
Since?
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ไปฅๆฅ๏ผŸ
00:04
For?
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ใซใจใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
00:05
Until?
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ใใ‚Œใพใง๏ผŸ
00:06
Which one's right?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:08
Let's talk about it.
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:11
Vanessa: Have you ever wondered "Can native speakers understand what I'm saying?"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:17
Well, even if your accent isn't perfect or if you use basic vocabulary, most people can
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒๅฎŒ็’งใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ
00:22
figure out what you're trying to say.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
But there are some key words that are essential to use in your sentence to have the correct
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธๅฏๆฌ ใชใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:31
meaning.
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ใ€‚
00:32
I've talked about these keywords on my channel before, words like "actually," "unless," "though."
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็งใฏไปฅๅ‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ใ€ŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:38
And today, we're going to focus on three more key words that are essential so that the correct
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ  ใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธๅฏๆฌ ใชใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ3ใคใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆ
00:44
meaning of your sentence is understood.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
They are "since," "for," and "until."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใพใงใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
I hear English learners make mistakes with these words a lot, but after this lesson your
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่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจ่žใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
00:54
mind will be cleared and you'll be able to use them correctly.
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ๅฟƒใŒใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:58
Vanessa: I want to introduce each word with a little quiz because it's always more fun
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ
01:02
for you to guess than for me to just tell you right away, right?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒใ™ใใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:06
So, I want you to guess which word or which phrase would be best in this sentence.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏใฉใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒๆœ€้ฉใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:12
"I've lived here since...
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™...
01:17
" Which one of those is best?
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:19
Can I give you a little hint?
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:22
When did you start living there?
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ใ„ใคใใ“ใซไฝใฟๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:24
What was the starting point?
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ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:27
It was 2018.
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2018ๅนดใ ใฃใŸ
01:29
So, we could say, "I've lived here since 2018."
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ2018ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
We use "since" when there is a starting point that is continuing until now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Let's take a look at a couple other examples.
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ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:42
"She's been worrying about her exam since this morning."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉฆ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ใ€
01:47
That means that the morning is the starting point, and the action is continuing right
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœใŒๅ‡บ็™บ ็‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใ‚‚่กŒๅ‹•ใŒ็ถšใ„ใฆ
01:54
now.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:55
She has been worrying about her exam since this morning.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
01:59
Vanessa: "I've been playing soccer since I was five years old."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ5ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:04
Has this person been continuously kicking a soccer ball for the last 30 years of their
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ใ“ใฎไบบ ใฏใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ30ๅนด้–“ใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’่นดใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใฆใใพใ—
02:10
life?
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ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:11
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
02:12
This just means that they have played soccer.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
They have been an active participant maybe on soccer teams or they've been interested
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ ใซ็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€
02:20
in soccer since they were five years old.
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5ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
So, that is the starting point, five years old, and the action is continuing to today.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€5 ๆญณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Vanessa: Notice that all of these sentences use the present perfect tense.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ ใฏใ™ในใฆ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:33
"She has been worrying...
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
02:37
" "I've been playing...
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...ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™...
02:40
" I hope that throughout today's lesson you won't feel stressed about the present perfect
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:45
tense.
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ใ€‚
02:46
Instead, because we'll be using it a lot, you'll just feel like it will come naturally.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใ†ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:50
Vanessa: Let's take a look at two more sentences.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚‚ใ†2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:52
What about these two sentences?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:54
The first one's positive; the second one's negative.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ 2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:57
But they have a very different meaning.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
The first one, "He has been eating since this morning."
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ไธ€ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ŒไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใฃใจ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€ใ€‚
03:03
That means he has been continuously eating since this morning.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใŒไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใฃใจ้ฃŸใน็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅ็ถšใ„
03:08
What is that action, eating, that has been continuing since?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ€้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:12
When was the starting point?
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ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใฏใ„ใคใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:13
This morning.
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ไปŠๆœใ€‚
03:14
Vanessa: Well, what about the second sentence?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใ‚ใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:16
It's negative.
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
"He hasn't eaten since this morning."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
03:21
So, our starting point is this morning, but what is that continuous action?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใฏไปŠๆœ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ็ถ™็ถš็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:26
Well, it's kind of a non-action of not eating.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฃŸในใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€็จฎใฎ้ž่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
He hasn't eaten since this morning, so he's probably really hungry.
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ๅฝผใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
You need to get him some food.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
He hasn't eaten since this morning.
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ๅฝผใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:37
He's starving.
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ๅฝผใฏ้ฃขใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Vanessa: Let's go on to the next word, which is "for."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:42
I want to give you a little quiz sentence, and then we're going to compare some of the
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
03:46
same sentences we just saw with "since" and then also with "for."
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠ่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œsinceใ€ ใจใ€Œforใ€ใงๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
Let's take a look at our first quiz question.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:53
What seems like the best ending for this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎ็ตๆœซใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:55
"He has studied for...
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸ...
04:00
" Which one feels the best?
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ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒไธ€็•ชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:02
Let me give you a little hint.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:04
How long has he studied?
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ๅฝผใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:07
What is the length of time?
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:10
Five years.
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5ๅนดใ€‚
04:12
When we use "for," we need a length of time.
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ใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:15
Vanessa: Let's take a look at the same sentences that we looked at with the word "since," but
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใง่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
04:20
let's add the word "for" and see what changes.
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ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:23
"She has been worrying about her exams since this morning."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉฆ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ใ€
04:27
This is the sentence we just looked at earlier, but what if we want to add the word "for"?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฆ‹ใŸๆ–‡ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œforใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
04:32
"She has been worrying about her exams for three hours."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ3ๆ™‚้–“่ฉฆ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
04:38
This is our length of time.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:40
How long?
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้–“๏ผŸ
04:41
For three hours.
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3ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
04:42
Vanessa: "I've been playing soccer since I was five years old."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ5ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:46
That's the starting point.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:48
Since I was five years old.
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็งใฏ5ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
04:49
But what about with the word "for," with a length of time?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้•ทใ„้–“ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
04:52
"I've been playing soccer for 30 years."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ30ๅนด้–“ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:56
I've been playing soccer for most of my life.
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็งใฏไบบ็”Ÿใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ้–“ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:00
That is the length of time.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
Vanessa: "He has been eating since this morning."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒๅฝผใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:05
Nonstop, continuous eating.
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ใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€็ถ™็ถš็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€‚
05:07
He has been eating since this morning.
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ๅฝผใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
Or we could say "He's been eating for five hours."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ5ๆ™‚้–“้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:13
Why hasn't he stopped yet?
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ใชใœๅฝผใฏใพใ ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:14
Is he not full?
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ๅฝผใฏๆบ€ๅ“กใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:16
He has been eating for five hours.
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ๅฝผใฏ๏ผ•ๆ™‚้–“้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
That's the length of time.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
Vanessa: "He hasn't eaten since this morning."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒๅฝผใฏไปŠๆœใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
05:22
Well, we have our negative sentence, but when we want to add "for," we can just add the
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:27
same thing.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
"He hasn't eaten for five hours."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ5ๆ™‚้–“้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
05:31
That ending part, in the positive and the negative sentence, is the same, but of course
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
05:36
our meaning's different because we have a positive verb and a negative verb.
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ใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
"He hasn't eaten for five hours."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ5ๆ™‚้–“้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
05:42
Let's find him some food.
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ๅฝผใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:44
Vanessa: Let's go on to our third word, which is "until."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš3็•ช็›ฎใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใพใงใ€ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:48
What is the best ending to this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎ็ตๆœซใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:50
"I drove that car until...
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ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’โ€ฆใพใง้‹่ปขใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
05:53
" Would you like a hint?
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ใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:00
When did I stop driving that car?
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ใใฎ่ปŠใฎ้‹่ปขใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
06:03
When did it break down?
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ใ„ใคๆ•…้šœใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:05
2019.
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2019.
06:06
So, when we use the word "until," we need a stopping point.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใพใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏ ใ€ๅœๆญข็‚นใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
Vanessa: Let's look at some of those same sentences that we saw before with "since"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ใ€Œsinceใ€ใจใ€Œforใ€ใงไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซ
06:15
and "for" plus a couple others because I want to show you some different ways that you can
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ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใ€Œuntilใ€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:19
use "until."
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ใ€‚
06:20
"She worried about her exam until it was finished."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:25
That was the stopping point: until it was finished.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅœๆญข็‚นใงใ—ใŸ๏ผšใใ‚ŒใŒ ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€‚
06:28
And then she stopped worrying.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:30
She worried about her exams until it was finished.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใง่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
06:33
Vanessa: "I played soccer until I broke my leg."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
06:37
So, here we have a turning point, a stopping point, a stopping time.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
After I broke my leg, I couldn't play soccer.
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่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใŒใงใใชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚
06:44
Maybe after it healed, I could play again.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฒปใฃใŸๅพŒใ€็งใฏๅ†ใณ้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:46
But I played soccer until I broke my leg.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:49
Vanessa: "He ate until he had a stomachache."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่…น็—›ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:53
He ate until he had a stomachache.
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ๅฝผใฏ่…น็—›ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃŸในใŸใ€‚
06:56
Were you ever like that as a kid that when you got a lot of candy, you just ate until
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒ ใ€ใŠ่“ๅญใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้ฃŸใน
07:00
you had a stomachache, and then maybe you briefly regretted your decision?
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่…น็—›ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃŸในใฆใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:05
I ate until I had a stomachache, and then the next year I forgot about it.
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่…น็—›ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃŸในใฆ ใ€็ฟŒๅนดใฏๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:10
Vanessa: "He didn't have a smartphone until 2009."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏ2009ๅนดใพใงใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
07:14
So, we have a negative sentence, and that negative action is continuing, and it stopped
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ็ถšใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Š
07:20
in 2009.
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ใ€2009ๅนดใซๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:21
So, the stopping point is 2009, when he bought a smartphone.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใŒใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸ2009ๅนดใŒๅœๆญข็‚นใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:25
So, he didn't have a smartphone until 2009, when he bought one.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸ2009ๅนดใพใงใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸใ€‚
07:30
Vanessa: "I didn't realize I could learn English until today."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใพใง่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅญฆในใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:34
So, you had this negative feeling, "I can't learn English, I can't learn English," and
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅญฆในใชใ„ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅญฆในใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซ
07:37
then today you watched this lesson and your mind was changed.
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ใชใ‚Šใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ๆฐ—ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:42
Until today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใพใงใ€‚
07:43
Great.
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
07:44
Vanessa: "I haven't found a good teacher until you."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใพใง่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
07:47
Thank you so much.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
07:50
So, here we're talking about some negative thing that has happened.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
07:54
I've tried a lot of different classes and a lot of different teachers and I haven't
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็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚น ใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ
07:58
found a good teacher, but then something changed.
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่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:01
This negative action stopped, and I found a good teacher.
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ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใฏๆญขใพใ‚Šใ€็ง ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:06
Wonderful.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
08:07
Vanessa: We talked about a lot over the past few minutes with "since," "for," and "until."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽป ๆ•ฐๅˆ†้–“ใ€ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œใพใงใ€ใจๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:11
Do you think you're ready for a little test?
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:13
I wrote this fun story, and I want you to fill in the blank with the correct word.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎๆฅฝใ—ใ„่ฉฑใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ ๆญฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใง็ฉบๆฌ„ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:19
Is it "since," "for," or "until"?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใพใงใ€ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:22
I'm going to read the story, and then I'm going to pause when there's a blank.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ชญใฟ ใ€็ฉบ็™ฝใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
I want you to think about which words should go in the blank, and then I'm going to read
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ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ฉบ็™ฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„
08:30
that sentence again with the correct word so you can see if you got it correct.
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ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:34
Are you ready to hear a silly little story?
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ใฐใ‹ใ’ใŸๅฐใ•ใช่ฉฑใ‚’่žใๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:37
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:38
Vanessa: Ricky the Raccoon walked into a bar and asked for a beer.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฐใƒžใฎใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒใƒใƒผ ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’้ ผใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
08:43
The bartender looks surprised and said, "I haven't seen you here... last year."
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ใƒใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏ้ฉšใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ€ใ€Œ ๅŽปๅนดใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:49
"I haven't seen you here since last year."
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ใ€ŒๅŽปๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
08:54
Vanessa: Ricky explained, "Well, I was sick for a while, and I couldn't drink...
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฏใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€็งใฏ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ€้ฃฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ...
09:00
I got better."
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็งใฏ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:01
"Well, I was sick for a while, and I couldn't drink until I got better."
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ€่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃฒใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
09:07
Vanessa: The raccoon and the bartender chatted about their past year... two hours.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฐใƒžใจใƒใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผ ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽป1ๅนด้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸ... 2ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
09:15
The raccoon and the bartender chatted about their past year for two hours... another customer
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ใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฐใƒžใจใƒใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽป1ๅนด้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ2ๆ™‚้–“ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ...ๅˆฅใฎ้กงๅฎข
09:22
came in.
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ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
09:24
... until another customer came in.
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...ๅˆฅใฎ้กงๅฎขใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸใพใงใ€‚
09:27
Vanessa: It was Benny the Badger.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฐใƒžใฎใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:30
Ricky and Benny have had a bad relationship... they were baby cubs.
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ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใจใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใฏๆ‚ชใ„้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ... ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎๅญใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:36
Ricky and Benny have had a bad relationship since they were baby cubs.
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ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใจใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใฏใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎๅญใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ‚ชใ„้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
09:40
Vanessa: Because of Ricky's sickness, his heart had softened.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฝผใฎ ๅฟƒใฏๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:44
He looked at Benny the Badger and said, "Benny, I'm not going to leave this bar... we make
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฐใƒžใฎใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„...็งใŸใกใฏ่ฃœใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ
09:51
up."
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ใŸใ€‚
09:52
"Benny.
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ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใ€‚
09:53
I'm not going to leave this bar until we make up.
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็งใŸใกใŒไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ ใ€‚
09:56
I'm tired of fighting with you."
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจๆˆฆใ†ใฎใซใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
09:58
Vanessa: After a long, heartfelt conversation, they shook hands and hugged.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš้•ทใ„ๅฟƒใฎใ“ใ‚‚ใฃใŸไผš่ฉฑใฎๅพŒใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆกๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆๆŠฑใใ—ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:03
Do you know what?
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:04
They've been friends... five years without one fight.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹้” ใงใ—ใŸ... 1ใคใฎๆˆฆใ„ใชใ—ใง5ๅนด้–“ใ€‚
10:09
They've been friends for five years without one fight.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ1ใคใฎๆˆฆใ„ใชใ—ใง5ๅนด้–“ๅ‹้”ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
10:12
Vanessa: Did you like that silly little story?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎใฐใ‹ใ’ใŸๅฐใ•ใช่ฉฑใŒๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:14
Now, I'm going to read the entire story altogether with the correct words, and I challenge you
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ชญใฟ้€ฒใ‚ใฆ ใ„ใใพใ™ใฎใงใ€็งใจ
10:19
to try to say the sentence exactly at the same time as me.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:23
Shadow my voice.
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็งใฎๅฃฐใ‚’้š ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:25
Practice with your speaking muscles, your pronunciation muscles, and also the grammar
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็ญ‹ใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ญ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
10:28
that we learned in this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:30
Let's say it together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:31
Vanessa: Ricky the Raccoon walked into a bar and asked for a beer.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฐใƒžใฎใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒใƒใƒผ ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’้ ผใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
10:36
The bartender looked surprised and said, "I haven't seen you here since last year."
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ใƒใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏ้ฉšใ„ใŸๆง˜ๅญใงใ€ใ€Œ ๅŽปๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:41
Ricky explained, "Well, I was sick for a while and I couldn't drink until I got better."
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ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฏใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ€ ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃฒใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:47
The raccoon and the bartender chatted about their past year for two hours until another
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ใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฐใƒžใจใƒใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏใ€ ๅˆฅใฎ้กงๅฎขใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใพใง2ๆ™‚้–“ใ€้ŽๅŽป1ๅนด้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—
10:52
customer came in.
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ใŸใ€‚
10:54
It was Benny the Badger.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฐใƒžใฎใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:56
Ricky and Benny have had a bad relationship since they were baby cubs.
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ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใจใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใฏใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎๅญใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ‚ชใ„้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
11:01
Because of Ricky's sickness, his heart had softened.
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ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฝผใฎๅฟƒใฏ ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:04
He looked at Benny the Badger and said, "Benny, I'm not going to leave this bar until we make
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฐใƒžใฎใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„
11:09
up.
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ใ€‚
11:10
I'm tired of fighting with you."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆˆฆใ†ใฎใฏใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:12
After a long, heartfelt conversation, they shook hands and hugged.
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้•ทใ„ๅฟƒใฎใ“ใ‚‚ใฃใŸไผš่ฉฑใฎๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆกๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆๆŠฑใใ—ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:17
Do you know what?
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:18
They've been friends for five years without one fight.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ1ใคใฎๆˆฆใ„ใชใ—ใง5ๅนด้–“ๅ‹้”ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
11:21
Vanessa: Great work practicing these three challenging words today.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰3ใคใฎใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:26
And now, I have a question for you: In the comments, can you make a sentence that uses
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
11:30
either "since," "for," or "until"?
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ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใพใงใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:33
I look forward to reading your sentences, and make sure that you read each other's sentences
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ
11:37
too to just expand your practice.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŸใ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๆ‹กๅคงใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚‚่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:39
Thanks so much for learning English with me, and I'll see you again next Friday for a new
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ๆฅ้€ฑใฎ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅ
11:43
lesson here on my YouTube channel.
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ใซใพใŸ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:45
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
11:46
Vanessa: The next step is to download my free ebook, Five Steps to Becoming a Confident
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ5ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
11:51
English Speaker.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆตๆšข
11:53
You'll learn what you need to do to speak confidently and fluently.
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ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใŸใ‚
11:56
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more free lessons.
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ใซ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
12:01
Thanks so much.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
12:02
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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