Literally - an overused word?

23,281 views ใƒป 2019-05-17

Simple English Videos


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Did you hear the storm last night?
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ๆ˜จๅคœใฎๅตใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:04
Yeah, lightning struck a tree across the street.
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ใˆใˆใ€้›ทใŒ้€šใ‚Šใฎๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใฎๆœจใซ่ฝใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:07
Really?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“๏ผŸ
00:08
Yeah, I literally jumped out of my skin.
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็งใฎ่‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:12
Is it possible to literally jump out of your skin?
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใจใ„ใ†
00:23
We had an interesting question from a viewer called Peter.
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่ฆ–่ด่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:26
He said, โ€˜I hear people saying literally for almost everything.
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ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
00:32
It seems like an overuse of the word.
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่จ€่‘‰ใฎไฝฟใ„้ŽใŽใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
What do you think about it?โ€™
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
00:38
Literally.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
00:39
Some people use this word a lot.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
You say lit-er-all-y. 4 syllables.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏlit-er-all-yใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ 4้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚
00:46
Literally.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
00:47
What do you say then?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ไฝ•ใฆ่จ€ใ†๏ผŸ
00:48
I can say it the same way, but if Iโ€™m speaking fast, I say lit(e)-ral-ly.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ—ฉๅฃใ ใจlit(e)-ral-lyใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:55
Lit(e)-ral-ly.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
00:56
Three syllables.
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ไธ‰้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚
00:58
Is that a British English thing?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:59
I think so.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
But the next question is: what does literally mean?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
01:05
It has three meanings.
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏ3ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
The first one is in a literal way โ€“ so with the exact meaning of the words youโ€™re using.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ โ€“ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™.
01:17
The traditional dress of Japan is a โ€˜kimonoโ€™, which literally means a โ€˜thing to wearโ€™.
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ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎไผ็ตฑ็š„ใชๆœ่ฃ…ใฏใ€Œ็€็‰ฉใ€ใงใ€ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€Œ็€ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
And hereโ€™s another Japanese word: karate.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅˆฅใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™๏ผš็ฉบๆ‰‹ใ€‚
01:30
It literally means the 'art of empty hands'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€Œ็ฉบใฎๆ‰‹ใฎ่Šธ่ก“ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
If we mean something literally, it means according to the actual words.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
The words with their most basic meaning.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใค่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
01:43
OK, thatโ€™s the first meaning.
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OKใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:45
What about the second?
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2็•ช็›ฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:46
Itโ€™s similar.
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ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
Literally can mean something like โ€˜reallyโ€™ or 'in truthโ€™.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใซใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ ใ‚„ใ€ŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€ใชใฉใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
We say literally when something is surprising and we want to emphasize that it is true.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใซใฏ
01:59
There are literally more than three trillion trees on earth.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š 3 ๅ…†ๆœฌไปฅไธŠใฎๆœจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:04
Thatโ€™s more trees than there are stars in the galaxy.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€้Š€ๆฒณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ˜Ÿใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎๆœจใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:09
And hereโ€™s another surprising thing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Did you know that moose are good swimmers?
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ใƒ˜ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใฏๆณณใŽใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:15
They can literally swim six miles an hour.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šๆ™‚้€Ÿ6ใƒžใ‚คใƒซๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Thatโ€™s about 10 kilometers an hour.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚้€Ÿ็ด„10ใ‚ญใƒญใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
But how far can they swim?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ“ใพใงๆณณใ’ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:23
A long way.
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้•ทใ„้“ใ€‚
02:24
They can keep going for two hours or more.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ2ๆ™‚้–“ไปฅไธŠ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Theyโ€™re literally excellent swimmers.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆฐดๆณณ้ธๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
So literally means 'truly' or 'really' in that sentence.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:35
It was surprising, but there was no exaggeration.
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้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ช‡ๅผตใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:38
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
02:40
And the third meaning of literally is a little different.
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ใใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅฐ‘ใ— ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Thatโ€™s when we use โ€˜literallyโ€™ to emphasize things.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œliterallyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:47
So surprising things again.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใพใŸ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใ€‚
02:49
But this time, theyโ€™re not true.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:52
Theyโ€™re false.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ชคใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:53
Letโ€™s see how it works.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:55
I canโ€™t home yet.
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ใพใ ๅธฐใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:58
Iโ€™m literally up to my ears in work.
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็งใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šไป•ไบ‹ใง่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:06
It was so funny.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
03:08
We literally died laughing.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็ฌ‘ใ„ๆญปใซใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:20
Sheโ€™s literally as tall as a house.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚ŠๅฎถใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„.
03:26
The exam was so hard, his head literally exploded.
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่ฉฆ้จ“ใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎ้ ญใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็ˆ†็™บใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:32
Iโ€™m so hungry I could literally eat a horse.
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ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š้ฆฌใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:40
Or maybe not.
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ใพใŸใฏใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:45
I was so surprised you could have literally knocked me down with a feather.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็งใ‚’็พฝใงๅ€’ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใฎใซใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
03:56
Iโ€™m leaving.
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็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
No wait.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:59
Itโ€™ll literally only take me two seconds to get to you.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š 2 ็ง’ใง ใ‚ใชใŸใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
See! Literally two secomds.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š2็ง’ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
04:10
Thereโ€™s a technical word for examples like this: hyperbole.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไพ‹ใซใฏใ€่ช‡ๅผตใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:15
Hyperbole โ€“ four syllables.
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่ช‡ๅผต โ€“ 4 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚
04:17
Hyperbole is when we exaggerate to add emphasis, or just because it sounds funny.
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่ช‡ๅผตใจใฏใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ช‡ๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใŠใ‹ใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใ ใ‘ใง่ช‡ๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
So letโ€™s review the three meanings and see how they compare.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€3 ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฏ”่ผƒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:30
The first meaning is about the literal meaning of words and itโ€™s exact and very factual.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆญฃ็ขบใง้žๅธธใซไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
The second meaning is factual too, but this time it adds emphasis to say something is
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไปŠๅ›žใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™
04:44
really true.
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ใ€‚
04:47
The third meaning adds emphasis as well.
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:50
But here, you change the original meaning of the words and exaggerate.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆœฌๆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆ ่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:56
Notice that meaning one and meaning three are very different.
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1 ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจ 3 ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:00
Theyโ€™re practically opposites.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
In meanings one and two, youโ€™re being factual and telling the truth.
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1 ใจ 2 ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
But with meaning three, you donโ€™t stick to the original meaning of the words.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณ 3 ใงใฏใ€ ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆœฌๆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:14
Instead of telling the truth, you exaggerate to get an effect.
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็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 3 ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
05:20
Some people think itโ€™s wrong to use literally with meaning three.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:24
Itโ€™s controversial and people have strong opinions about it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ่ญฐใ‚’้†ธใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅผทใ„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
05:29
They think you should just use meanings one and two.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ 1 ใจ 2 ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:34
But youโ€™ll hear meaning three a lot in spoken English.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ 3 ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:38
Itโ€™s pretty informal and itโ€™s becoming more frequent.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ป็นใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:43
Is meaning three a new usage of the word?
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณ3ใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็”จๆณ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
05:47
People are using it more often but actually itโ€™s an old usage.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๅคใ„ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
Lots of great writers in English literature have used it for effect.
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่‹ฑๆ–‡ๅญฆใฎๅ‰ๅคงใชไฝœๅฎถใฎๅคšใใฏใ€ ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
05:57
It was used by great writers like Charles Dickens.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใƒปใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ฑใƒณใ‚บใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰ๅคงใชไฝœๅฎถใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
06:02
And F. Scott Fitzgerald.
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ใใ—ใฆFใƒปใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒปใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ„ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒฉใƒซใƒ‰ใ€‚
06:05
And James Joyce.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
06:09
William Thackeray.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใƒปใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒฌใƒผใ€‚
06:11
And Charlotte Brontรซ So do you think itโ€™s OK to use literally
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒˆใƒปใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒ† ใงใฏใ€่ช‡ๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
06:17
to exaggerate?
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?
06:18
Yes and no.
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ใฏใ„ใจใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
06:20
Yes, because people use it that way and itโ€™s becoming more common.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
06:25
Oh right.
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚
06:26
You canโ€™t stop language change.
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่จ€่ชžใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:29
Exactly.
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ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
06:30
But also maybe no, because a lot of people complain about it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
06:35
Then perhaps use it, but just a little.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Yes, not too often.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ ป็นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ
06:39
I think people complain about when itโ€™s used too much.
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ๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:43
And also because they donโ€™t like the idea that one word can have two opposite meanings.
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ใพใŸใ€ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ 2 ใคใฎๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:50
But there are other words that do that.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
For example: wicked.
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ไพ‹๏ผš้‚ชๆ‚ชใ€‚
06:54
Yes, wicked can mean evil.
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ใฏใ„ใ€้‚ชๆ‚ชใฏๆ‚ชใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
So a wicked witch is very bad.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้‚ชๆ‚ชใช้ญ”ๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚
07:00
But in informal English, wicked can also mean โ€˜very goodโ€™.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€้‚ชๆ‚ชใฏ ใ€Œ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
07:06
For example, we can say someone has a wicked sense of humor, and it means itโ€™s very good.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้‚ชๆ‚ชใชใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
07:13
There arenโ€™t many words with two opposite meanings like this, but there are a few.
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็›ธๅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใค่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:19
Letโ€™s see if you can spot one.
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:39
To dust is an interesting verb because if youโ€™re cleaning your house, you dust it.
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ใปใ“ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:46
Dust means removing the dust.
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ใกใ‚Šใจใฏใ€ใกใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:48
But dust can also mean to cover something with sugar or flour.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใปใ“ใ‚Šใฏใ€็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚„ๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ†ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:53
So if youโ€™re baking cakes you can dust them with sugar.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็„ผใๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’ใพใถใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:57
So dust can mean removing or applying.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใปใ“ใ‚Šใฏใ€้™คๅŽปใพใŸใฏ้ฉ็”จใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
It has opposite meanings.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Sometimes an English word can have two opposite meanings.
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่‹ฑๅ˜่ชžใŒ 2 ใคใฎๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:07
And literally is one of them.
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ใใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
08:10
So are we done?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:11
Yes, thatโ€™s literally all we have for you this week.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠ้€ฑใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ในใฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
08:16
If youโ€™ve enjoyed this video please, share it with a friend.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
08:19
And donโ€™t forget to subscribe everyone.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:22
See you all next week.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใฏใพใŸๆฅ้€ฑใ€‚
08:23
Bye-bye.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
08:24
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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