Connectors & Conjunctions: And, Or, So, Because & Although

38,064 views ใƒป 2018-02-02

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi everyone.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
00:01
Today weโ€™re looking at some very common connectors that we use in spoken English.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:07
Theyโ€™re words that will help you link your ideas and signal your thoughts when youโ€™re
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ่€ƒใˆใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
00:13
speaking.
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ใ€‚
00:20
Weโ€™re going to look at these connectors and check some that my students sometimes
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใ€ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆ™‚ใ€…ใ”ใกใ‚ƒใ”ใกใ‚ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™
00:24
muddle up.
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ใ€‚
00:26
The technical term for these words is conjunctions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใฏๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:31
Conjunctions signal how our ideas meet so other people will understand us better.
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ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใŒ็งใŸใกใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
So letโ€™s jump straight in and see them in action.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ•ใฃใใ้ฃ›ใณ่พผใ‚“ใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
00:46
Kathy said youโ€™ve got my next assignment.
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ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็งใฎๆฌกใฎไปปๅ‹™ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ.
00:49
Ah yes.
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚
00:50
What is it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:52
Decisions, decisions!
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ๆฑบๆ–ญใ€ๆฑบๆ–ญ๏ผ
00:54
I want you to write a report on the Boston project.
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ใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
00:57
Uhuh.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
00:58
I thought about asking Andrew to do this, or Jenny, or Sam, but then I thought, no.
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒฅใƒผใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใ‹ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใซ้ ผใ‚‚ใ†ใ‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ€ใƒกใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:05
Youโ€™re the right person for this job.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซ้ฉใ—ใŸไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
01:08
I think.
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็งใŒๆ€ใ†ใซใ€‚
01:09
Well, it looks great.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:11
Err.
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ใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใ€‚
01:12
Hereโ€™s the report we did on the Chicago project.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ทใ‚ซใ‚ดใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใง่กŒใฃใŸใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:15
Uhuh.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
01:16
You can use the same format, but this time the structure needs to be completely different.
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ๅŒใ˜ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏ ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
The same format but a different structure?
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ๅฝขใฏๅŒใ˜ใ ใ‘ใฉๆง‹้€ ใŒ้•ใ†๏ผŸ
01:26
Yes, And your report needs to be longer โ€“ although it should be more concise, so keep it short.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏ้•ทใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็Ÿญใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:32
So longer but shorter?
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้•ทใ„ใ‘ใฉ็Ÿญใ„๏ผŸ
01:35
Thatโ€™s right.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
01:36
Donโ€™t get too detailed, but you need to go deeper than just the surface?
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่กจ้ขใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
01:41
And you can use pictures if you want.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
Well maybe not, because it needs to be seriousโ€ฆ or funny.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆทฑๅˆปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™โ€ฆ ใพใŸใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
Funnyโ€™s good too.
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ใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ•ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
01:53
This sounds hard.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:55
Yes and Kathy wants you to get it right and do a good job, so take your time.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่กŒใ„ใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
02:01
But she needs it on her desk in half an hour, because weโ€™re all waiting for it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ30ๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœบใฎไธŠใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ .
02:06
What?!
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ๏ผ
02:07
So anyway, Iโ€™m going to go get a cup of coffeeโ€ฆ or maybe tea.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใฏไธ€ๆฏใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ... ใพใŸใฏๅคšๅˆ†ใŠ่Œถ.
02:15
Jay was very indecisive there.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใฏใใ“ใง้žๅธธใซๅ„ชๆŸ”ไธๆ–ญใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:19
If someone is decisive, they can make decisions quickly and with confidence.
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ๆฑบๆ–ญๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:25
The opposite is indecisive.
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ใใฎๅๅฏพใฏๅ„ชๆŸ”ไธๆ–ญใงใ™ใ€‚
02:29
And Jay used lots of connectors to link his ideas.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:33
Letโ€™s start with an easy one: And.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:37
Itโ€™s really common and we use it to join words or phrases that are related.
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ€ ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Get it right and do a good job.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ€่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:46
We use โ€˜andโ€™ to add information, and when weโ€™re speaking, we use it to introduce new
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็งใŸใกใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œandใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„
02:52
or extra ideas.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
And Kathy wants you to get it right and do a good job.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ—ใ€่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™.
02:58
And your report needs to be longer.
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้•ทใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
And you can use pictures if you wantโ€ฆ or maybe not
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™... ใพใŸใฏใใ†ใง ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:05
You heard our next connector there: โ€˜orโ€™.
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ใ€‚
03:08
We use โ€˜orโ€™ to introduce possibilities.
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ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
It needs to be serious... or funny.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆทฑๅˆปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...ใพใŸใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:16
Funnyโ€™s good too.
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ใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ•ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
03:18
โ€˜Orโ€™ signals an alternative - A different option.
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ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใฏๅˆฅใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅˆฅใฎ ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
I thought about asking Andrew to do this, or Jenny, or Sam, but then I thought, no.
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒฅใƒผใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใ‹ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใซ้ ผใ‚‚ใ†ใ‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ€ใƒกใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:30
Youโ€™re the right person for this job.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซ้ฉใ—ใŸไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
And you heard another connector there.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:37
โ€˜Butโ€™.
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'ใ—ใ‹ใ—'ใ€‚
03:38
We use โ€˜butโ€™ to contrast ideas.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
It means โ€“ hey, hereโ€™s some different information..
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™..
03:45
You can use the same format, but this time the structure needs to be completely different.
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ๅŒใ˜ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏ ๆง‹้€ ใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
The same format but a different structure?
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ๅฝขใฏๅŒใ˜ใ ใ‘ใฉๆง‹้€ ใŒ้•ใ†๏ผŸ
03:56
The format of a document is its general design or plan.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎๅฝขๅผใฏใ€ใใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒณ ใพใŸใฏ่จˆ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
And its structure is how its parts are organized and arranged.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ทจๆˆใ•ใ‚Œ ใ€้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:05
So Jay was contradicting himself there.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใฏใใ“ใง็Ÿ›็›พใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒ
04:09
When he told me he wanted a different structure, it was a surprise.
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ๅˆฅใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใใงใ—ใŸ.
04:13
โ€˜Butโ€™ signals surprising information โ€“ unexpected information.
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฏ้ฉšใในใๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:20
So take your time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:22
But she needs it on her desk in half an hour.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 30 ๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœบใฎไธŠใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
What?!
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ๏ผ
04:26
Now, thereโ€™s another connector that signals the unexpected: โ€˜Althoughโ€™.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไบˆๆœŸใ›ใฌใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
Did you spot it?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:34
And your report needs to be longer โ€“ although it should be more concise, so keep it short.
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็Ÿญใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:40
Again Jay was contradicting himself.
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ๅ†ใณใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใจ็Ÿ›็›พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:44
Concise means short and clear - giving only the information thatโ€™s necessary.
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็ฐกๆฝ”ใจใฏใ€็ฐกๆฝ”ใงๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎใฟใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:50
So concise implies short Now, is there a difference between although
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ใงใฏใ€concice ใฏ short ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:58
and though?
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05:00
When theyโ€™re connectors, no.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
05:03
They mean the same thing.
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Your report needs to be longer โ€“ though it should also be more concise, if thatโ€™s
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ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏ้•ทใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:10
possible.
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ใ€‚
05:11
OK.
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OKใ€‚
05:12
Now weโ€™re going to look at two connectors that my students sometimes confuse: because
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆททๅŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
05:18
and so.
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ใ€‚
05:20
So has several different meanings in English.
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So ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ็”จ้€”
05:23
Weโ€™ll have to make another video about its other uses, but here we'll look at how we
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
05:29
use โ€˜soโ€™ as a connector โ€“ a conjunction.
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ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž (ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž) ใจใ—ใฆใ€Œsoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
Letโ€™s compare it with 'because'.
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ใ€Œใ ใฃใฆใ€ใงๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:36
Keep it short because it should be more concise.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็Ÿญใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:40
It should be more concise so keep it short.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็Ÿญใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:43
These sentences have the same meaning โ€“ but notice the different structures.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:49
In the first one the instruction comes first and the reason comes second.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ€ๆŒ‡็คบใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใฆใ€ ็†็”ฑใŒ2็•ช็›ฎใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
05:54
In the second one, the reason comes first and the instruction comes second
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ€็†็”ฑใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใฆใ€ ๆŒ‡็คบใŒ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซๆฅใพใ™
05:59
So whatโ€™s happening?
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ใ€‚
06:00
We'll start with โ€˜Because..
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ใ€ŒBecause..ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:03
โ€˜Becauseโ€™ answers the question why.
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ใ€ŒBecauseใ€ใฏใชใœใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
Why should it be short?
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ใชใœ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:09
Because it should be more concise.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
Oh, OK.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:13
It should be more concise is the reason here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
After 'because' we put a reason.
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'because' ใฎๅพŒใซ็†็”ฑใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:19
โ€˜Soโ€™ is different.
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ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
It comes in front of results, and itโ€™s about something that follows logically.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตๆžœใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใฆใ€ ่ซ–็†็š„ใซ็ถšใใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Weโ€™ve got a problem with this report.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใซใฏๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
Whatโ€™s that?
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
06:31
Itโ€™s not concise enough.
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็ฐกๆฝ”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:33
So it needs to be shorter?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
06:35
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
06:36
Needing to be shorter is the logical result.
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็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ซ–็†็š„ใช็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
Itโ€™s a consequence of the problem.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
06:43
Another example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
06:45
Don't include pictures.
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ๅ†™็œŸใฏๅซใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:47
Why not?
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ใชใœใ ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:48
Because it needs to be serious.
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็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:50
OK.
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OKใ€‚
06:51
โ€˜Becauseโ€™ answers the question why?
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ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใชใœ๏ผŸใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
The reason here is it needs to be serious.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€็œŸๅ‰ฃใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
Now compare that with this.
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ใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใจๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:02
So tells us the result - the consequence.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใซ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ - ็ตๆžœใ€‚
07:06
The report needs to be serious and as a result we canโ€™t include pictures.
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ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใฏ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:13
OK, now itโ€™s your turn.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
07:15
Iโ€™ll show you some sentences and you pick the right word.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:20
First one.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ1ใคใ€‚
07:21
Does 'because' or 'so' go here?
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'because' ใพใŸใฏ 'so' ใฏใ“ใ“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
07:24
Letโ€™s see.
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ใฉใ‚Œใฉใ‚Œใ€‚
07:26
You need to get it right so take all the time you need.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ .
07:30
Getting it right is important and consequently you should take your time.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Now what about this one?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
07:41
Take all the time you need because you need to get it right.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ .
07:45
Because comes before a reason.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็†็”ฑใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:48
Next one?
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ๆฌกใฎ๏ผŸ
07:49
Whatโ€™s missing?
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ไฝ•ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:50
'So' or 'because'?
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ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€๏ผŸ ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹
07:52
Donโ€™t get too detailed because it needs to be short.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใซใชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
07:56
Why shouldnโ€™t I get too detailed?
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
07:59
The reason is it needs to be short.
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็†็”ฑใฏ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:02
OK, one more.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€‚
08:04
This is the last one.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใงใ™ใ€‚
08:06
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:08
'So' or 'because'?
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ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€๏ผŸ
08:11
We want everyone to read it so make sure itโ€™s funny.
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใซ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:15
So it follows logically that it needs be funny.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ซ–็†็š„ใซใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
Great.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
08:20
That's it for this week.
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ไปŠ้€ฑใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
08:22
But speaking of funny, at Simple English Videos we like it when things are funny because we
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—้ข็™ฝใ„ใจใ„ใˆใฐใ€Simple English Videos ใงใฏๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ้ข็™ฝใ„ใจใใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
08:30
think learning should be fun.
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ใ€‚
08:32
We also believe you can learn a lot faster if you see English in action, so we create
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ใพใŸใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ—ฉใ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไผš่ฉฑใ‚„ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:40
conversations and stories to help you.
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ใ€‚
08:44
We publish videos every Friday, so if youโ€™ve enjoyed this video, make sure you subscribe.
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ๆฏŽ้€ฑ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚
08:52
Bye now!
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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