English: A Stress-Timed Language - American Pronunciation

375,469 views ใƒป 2012-05-08

Rachel's English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to go over why some words sound
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์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š”
00:06
different when they're said on their own than they do when they're said as part of a sentence,
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00:11
like 'for', 'fer'.
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'for', 'fer'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ์™€ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
A lot of people think, when they're studying a language and they're new to it, that they
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:25
need to pronounce each word fully and clearly in order to be well-understood. But in English
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๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
00:32
that's actually not the case. English is a stress-timed language. That means some syllables
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์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํƒ€์ž„ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์ ˆ์€
00:38
will be longer, and some will be shorter. Many languages, however, are syllable-timed,
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๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ๋” ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ ๋ฐ•์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:45
which means each syllable has the same length. Examples of syllable-timed languages: French,
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๊ฐ ์Œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ์ ˆ ๋ฐ•์ž์˜ ์˜ˆ: ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด,
00:52
Spanish, Cantonese. So, when an American hears a sentence of English, with each syllable
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด, ๊ด‘๋‘ฅ์–ด. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ ์Œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
00:59
having the same length, it takes just a little bit longer to get the meaning. This is because
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
01:05
we are used to stressed syllables, syllables that will pop out of the line because they're
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ์ ˆ์ด
01:10
longer and they have more shape. Our ears, our brains, go straight to those words. Those
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๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋” ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค„์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ท€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ง์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
01:16
are the content words. When all syllables are the same length, then there's no way for
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๋‚ด์šฉ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๋•Œ
01:22
the ear to know which words are the most important.
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๊ท€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
So this is why stress is so important in American English. It's a stress-timed language. When
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํƒ€์ž„ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
you give us nice shape in your stressed syllables, you're giving us the meaning of the sentence.
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๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์— ์ข‹์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
This means that other syllables need to be unstressed --- flatter, quicker --- so that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --- ๋” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ --- ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:43
the stressed syllables are what the ear goes to. This is why it's so important to reduce
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
function words that can reduce in American English. When those function words are part
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. ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์–ด๊ฐ€
01:54
of a whole, part of a sentence, they are pronounced differently. Let's look at some examples.
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์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
----. Do you know what I'm saying? A native speaker might not either. But, in the context
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----. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„? ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
02:11
of a sentence, "I'm going to the store," a native speaker would know exactly what I was
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"I'm going to the store"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
saying. I'm going to the store. I'm going to the store. When 'to the' is pronounced
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•ผ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•ผ. 'to the'๊ฐ€
02:27
---- (reduced and linked), 'going' and 'store' become the obvious words in that sentence.
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----(์ถ•์†Œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ)๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋ฉด 'going'๊ณผ 'store'๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
I'm going to the store.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•ผ. ๋Š”
02:40
What about ----? Can you understand what I'm saying? A native speaker might not either.
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์–ด๋•Œ ----? ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ˆ ? ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
But, in the sentence fragment "Because of my job," "Because of my job," a native speaker
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "Because of my job", "Because of my job"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
02:57
would know exactly what I was saying. Because of my job. Because of my job. 'Because' and
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—. ๋‚ด ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—. 'Because'์™€
03:06
'of' are so unstressed, so reduced and low in pitch, that the word 'job' is able to really
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'of'๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'job'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
03:14
jump out of the sentence. Because of my job.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—.
03:18
This is really of primary importance in American English pronunciation. As you're working on
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฐœ์Œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
03:24
pronunciation, keep in mind this idea of a word being part of a whole.
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์„ธ์š”.
03:29
The word 'for': part of a word becomes fer, fer, fer you, fer me, fer dinner. Practice
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'for'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด: ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” fer, fer, fer you, fer me, fer dinner๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
03:43
it this way. Drill it over and over. Other words that can reduce: 'and' can become 'n'.
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. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋“œ๋ฆดํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด: 'and'๋Š” 'n'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
'Them' can become 'thum' or 'em'. 'At' can become 'ut'. 'To' can become 'tuh' or 'duh'.
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'them'์€ 'thum' ๋˜๋Š” 'em'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์—์„œ'๋Š” 'UT'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'To'๋Š” 'tuh' ๋˜๋Š” 'duh'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
'Can' can become 'kun', 'kun'. 'Are' can become 'er', 'er'. 'Was' can become 'wuz', 'wuz'.
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'Can'์€ 'kun', 'kun'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์•„'๋Š” '์–ด', '์–ด'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Was'๋Š” 'wuz', 'wuz'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
'That' can become 'thut', 'thut'. 'Your' can become 'yer', 'yer'. 'At the' can become 'ut
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'์ €๊ฒƒ'์€ 'thut', 'thut'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Your'๋Š” 'yer', 'yer'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. At the'๋Š” 'ut
04:39
the', 'ut the'. And so on. So keep an eye out for this as you're studying pronunciation
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the', 'ut the'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€
04:46
and listening to native speakers.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:49
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rachel์˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
I'm excited to announce that I'm running another online course, so do check out my website
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:59
for details. You'll find on there all sorts of information about the course, who should
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. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด,
05:04
take the course, and requirements. I really hope you'll check it out and consider signing
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๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:09
up. I've had a blast with my first online course, and I'm looking forward to getting
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:14
to know you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Don't stop there. Have fun with my real-life English videos. Or get more comfortable with
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ ์˜์–ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„ธ์š” . ๋˜๋Š”
05:22
the IPA in this play list. Learn about the online courses I offer, or check out my latest
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์ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ IPA์— ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์‹ 
05:28
video.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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