Placement and American English Pronunciation

98,790 views ใƒป 2012-05-17

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video, We're going to talk about aa, aa, aa, and
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ aaใ€aaใ€aaใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
00:11
placement in American English.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ้…็ฝฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
I've found myself talking about placement a lot recently in my online course, and with
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็งใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใ€
00:25
my private students. This is because placement can effect the quality of a vowel, the sound
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ใใ—ใฆ็ง็ซ‹ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ€้…็ฝฎใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้…็ฝฎ ใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ“่ณชใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้Ÿณใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
00:32
of a vowel. Take, for example, AH and UH. The difference in the tongue position, in
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€AHใจUHใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ˆŒใฎไฝ็ฝฎ
00:40
the lip position, jaw position, is very subtle. The sound is effected as much by the placement
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ใ€ๅ”‡ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ€้กŽใฎไฝ็ฝฎใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Ÿณใฏ
00:47
as by the change in the mouth position. AH -- I feel that vibrating more here in the
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ใ€ๅฃใฎไฝ็ฝฎใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้…็ฝฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ AH-ใ“ใ“ใฎๅฃใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใฃใจๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜
00:53
mouth. Ah. But UH, uh, I feel that more here. Ah, uh. The core sound of American English
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ“ใ“ใงๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ ธใจใชใ‚‹้Ÿณ
01:05
is, uh, very grounded here in the chest. But for other languages, there's some manipulation
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ใฏใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ่ƒธใซ้žๅธธใซๆ นไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ไป–ใฎ่จ€่ชžใฎๅ ดๅˆ
01:12
in the throat, in the neck, that causes the placement, uh, to rise further up into the
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ใ€ๅ–‰ใ‚„้ฆ–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ“ไฝœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ้…็ฝฎใŒ้ก”ใฎใ•ใ‚‰ใซไธŠใซไธŠใŒใ‚Š
01:19
face. So if you're trying to speak American English but all of your placement is here,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ้…็ฝฎใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
01:25
you're going to lack some of the quality of the vowel, uh, uh, that we need.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ“่ณชใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒไธ่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
If you've never thought about placement before, this can be a pretty confusing concept. It's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง้…็ฝฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ”‡ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’
01:36
not something you can see, like adjusting a lip position. But, it can make a big difference
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่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:42
in your sound. As a first step, I invite you to just play around with placement like I
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ็ดนไป‹ใง่กŒใฃใŸ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้…็ฝฎใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
01:48
did in the introduction of the video. AA. Point, ah, and try to feel the vibration there.
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ใ€‚ AAใ€‚ ๆŒ‡ใ•ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ“ใงๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:56
Uh. Pay attention to what subtle differences are changing. Maybe there's some tension in
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ใˆใˆใจ ๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€้ฆ–ใซ็ทŠๅผตใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:02
the neck and then a relaxation as you move from one placement to another.
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ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Keep in mind we're not changing the pitch of the sound, we're changing the placement.
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้Ÿณใฎ้ซ˜ใ• ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€้…็ฝฎใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:13
Aa, aa. Same pitch, same vowel, different placement. Once you've been able to start
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ้…็ฝฎใ€‚ ๅฃใฎ
02:22
feeling your voice in different places in your mouth, start trying to think about getting
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ไธญใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€
02:27
it down here. This requires a full relaxation of the throat. No muscles here should be engaged.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ๅ–‰ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใฏ้–ขไธŽใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:34
Uh, uh. So when the throat relaxes and opens up, it allows the voice to settle down here.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€‚ ๅ–‰ใŒใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆ ้–‹ใใจใ€ๅฃฐใŒใ“ใ“ใซ่ฝใก็€ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
Uh, uh. If you've always spoken with a high placement, it might feel like your throat
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ–‰ใŒใ™ใงใซใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ
02:48
is already relaxed because that is what is natural and normal to you. So, try to push
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่‡ช็„ถใงๆญฃๅธธใชใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
02:53
your placement really far forward. And see what changes happen to make that sound move
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้…็ฝฎใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใšใฃใจๅ‰ใซๆŠผใ—ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‰้€ฒใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:00
forward. Aa. If I make that sound, I feel, aa, a tightening here, in my throat. So I
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจ ใ€ๅ–‰ใŒๅผ•ใ็ท ใพใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:10
know if I want to bring it back, I have to relax that. Aa, aa.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
03:17
If you have a hard time hearing the difference between between Ah and Uh, ah, uh, thinking
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ใ‚ใ‚ใจใˆใˆใจใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่žใใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€
03:27
about placement may help.
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้…็ฝฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:30
As you work on your speech, think about the fact that the core sound of American English
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใจใ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰
03:34
is uh, placed here, uh, uh. You may find that the quality of your vowels improve, and that
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ใŒใˆใˆใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€‚ ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ่ณชใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใ€
03:42
you start to sound more American.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ็š„ใช้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:45
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
03:49
I'm excited to announce that I'm running another online course, so do check out my website
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่กจใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€็งใฎWebใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆ
03:54
for details. You'll find on there all sorts of information about the course, who should
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใฏ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’
03:59
take the course, and requirements. I really hope you'll check it out and consider signing
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ๅ—่ฌ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ่ฆไปถใŒ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใœใฒ ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—
04:04
up. I've had a blast with my first online course, and I'm looking forward to getting
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงๅคงใ„ใซ็››ใ‚ŠไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
04:10
to know you.
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ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Don't stop there. Have fun with my real-life English videos. Or get more comfortable with
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ใใ“ใซๆญขใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
04:17
the IPA in this play list. Learn about the online courses I offer, or check out my latest
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงIPAใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฟซ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใ‹ใ€็งใฎๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:24
video.
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ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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