Flap T: Really a D Sound? American English Pronunciation

553,389 views ใƒป 2013-05-02

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to take a look at the question:ย 
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:05
is the Flap T really a D sound?
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซDใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:14
It's not unusual for people to ask my why I say the flap T is a D sound. They will
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ใชใœใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—TใŒD้Ÿณใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‹ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
00:19
say it's not the same as a D sound in, for example, day. My answer to them: you're
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใˆใฐๆ—ฅไธญใฎD้ŸณใจๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใธใฎ็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆ๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
00:25
right. But, the Flap T, or T between vowels, is the same as a D between vowels. So
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆฏ้Ÿณ้–“ใฎT ใฏใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ้–“ใฎDใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
00:31
basically what I'm saying, is that a D between vowels is not the same sound as the D in other
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๆฏ้Ÿณ้–“ใฎDใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎDใจๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
00:37
cases, though they both use the same IPA symbol. Let's take a look at an example word: dad.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜IPA่จ˜ๅทใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:45
For that beginning D, there is a stop: dd, dd. D is a stop consonant, so I let air
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ใใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚ŠใฎDใซใฏใ€ๅœๆญขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšddใ€ ddใ€‚ Dใฏๅœๆญขๅญ้Ÿณใชใฎใง
00:52
build up a little bit in my throat -- dd, dd, dd -- and then release it.ย  It's the
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ใ€ๅ–‰ใซ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆบœใ‚ใฆ๏ผˆ ddใ€ddใ€dd๏ผ‰ใ€ๆ”พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™
00:59
same with a D at the end of the word, though a little more subtle.ย  Dd, dd, Dad-d-d-d,
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ใŒใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹Dใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ ใงใ™ใ€‚ Ddใ€ddใ€Dad-d-d-dใ€
01:07
but you can still hear, dad-d-d, there is a stop. Well, let's take a slightly different
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€dad-d-d ใ€ๅœๆญขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:13
word, Daddy. Now we have a D sound between two vowels. Daddy, Daddy. I'm going to stretch
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ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€2ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใซDใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใ€‚ ใใฎDใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸ
01:20
out the vowel sound before and after to make that D more noticeable. Daaaaaadyyyy.
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ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ‰ๅพŒใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไผธใฐใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ Daaaaaadyyyyใ€‚
01:29
Did you hear a stop? There wasn't one. Daaaaaadyyyy. Between vowels, or after an
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ๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ Daaaaaadyyyyใ€‚ ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
01:37
R and before a vowel, it's a different sound, because there isn't a stop. If I pronounced
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RใฎๅพŒใจๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ‰ ใงใฏใ€ๅœๆญขใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธกๆ–นใฎDใ‚’ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆฌกใฎ
01:43
both D's with a stop it would sound like this: dad-dy. But it doesn't. It sounds like
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™๏ผš dad-dyใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
01:50
daddy, uhh, no stop in the airflow. This is true of the Flap T as well.
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ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆฐ—ๆตใฎๅœๆญขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
As I said before, if you look up the word 'daddy' in a dictionary, both of the D sounds,
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ๅ‰ใซใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ€่พžๆ›ธใงใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆคœ็ดขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎD้Ÿณ
02:02
though different, will have the same symbol.
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ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜่จ˜ๅทใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
This is why I have chosen to say the that Flap T is just like the D sound --- it is
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—TใŒD้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ—ใŸ็†็”ฑใงใ™---ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:10
like one kind of D sound, the D between vowels. So, matter = madder. Pronounced the same
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ไธ€็จฎใฎD้Ÿณใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ้–“ใฎDใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ•้กŒ=่Œœใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜
02:17
way. When we pronounce a T or D this way, it smooths out speech. It takes out a stop,
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซTใพใŸใฏDใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใŒใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅœๆญขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
02:24
which is why you'll hear so many Americans flap their T's. We love to smooth out the
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใŒ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎTใ‚’็พฝใฐใŸใใฎใ‚’่žใ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆป‘ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใ
02:29
line.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
So, this was a long explanation about why I use the [d] symbol for a Flap T. The most
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใซ[d]่จ˜ๅทใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ้•ทใ„่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:36
important thing to take from this video, though, is that both T and D between vowels, or after
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ–ใ‚‹ในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
02:42
an R and before a vowel, don't have a stop component. They do not interrupt the flow
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RใฎๅพŒใจๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ‰ใฎTใจDใฎไธกๆ–นใงใ™ ใ€ๅœๆญขใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:47
of the line, they smooth out the speech.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็ทšใฎๆตใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใšใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ๆป‘ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
One last comment. Sometimes, regarding the Flap T, I'll get a comment from a student:
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:57
that sounds like an R sound to me. It is an R sound? Well, depending on your native
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใฏRใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ R้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ
03:01
language, yes, it is. The al-VEE-uh-ler flap is in many languages, usually represented
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่ชžใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ al-VEE-uh-ler ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใฏๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€้€šๅธธ
03:08
by the letter R. For example, Arabic, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, to name
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ใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—Rใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ข่ชžใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ€ ้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ€ใƒใƒซใƒˆใ‚ฌใƒซ่ชžใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใ€ใƒˆใƒซใ‚ณ่ชžใชใฉ
03:15
a few. So you may ask, why don't I use that IPA symbol? Two reasons: you won't see
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใชใœ็งใฏใใฎIPAใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ 2ใคใฎ็†็”ฑ๏ผš
03:22
that symbol in dictionary of American English. And, I'm not fluent enough in any of those
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่พžๆ›ธใซใใฎ่จ˜ๅทใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่ชžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ๅๅˆ†ใซๅ ช่ƒฝใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
03:27
languages, to say: yes, definitely, I know it is absolutely the exact same movement of
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ˆŒใฎใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•ใใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:33
the tongue, touching exactly the same spot at the roof of the mouth. So whether it is
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ใ€ๅฃ่“‹ใฎใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
03:38
exactly the same sound or just very close, it may be very useful for you to think of
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ใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใ„้Ÿณ ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจ
03:43
the Flap T or D between vowels as the R sound from your native language. But, just keep
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ้–“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—TใพใŸใฏDใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎR้Ÿณใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชž
03:50
in mind that it is not at all related to the R sound in American English. RRRR, where
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ใฎRใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใจใฏใพใฃใŸใ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:56
you can hold out that sound, and the front part of the tongue must not touch the roof
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ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ RRRRใ€ใใ—ใฆ่ˆŒใฎๅ‰้ƒจใŒๅฃ่“‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
04:00
of the mouth.
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ใ€‚
04:02
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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