Flap T: Really a D Sound? American English Pronunciation

546,085 views ใƒป 2013-05-02

Rachel's English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to take a look at the question:ย 
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์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š”
00:05
is the Flap T really a D sound?
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ํ”Œ๋žฉ T๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง D ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
It's not unusual for people to ask my why I say the flap T is a D sound. They will
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ํ”Œ๋žฉ T๊ฐ€ D ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ฎ
00:19
say it's not the same as a D sound in, for example, day. My answer to them: you're
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์˜ D ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต: ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด
00:25
right. But, the Flap T, or T between vowels, is the same as a D between vowels. So
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๋งž์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ Flap T ๋˜๋Š” T๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ D์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:31
basically what I'm saying, is that a D between vowels is not the same sound as the D in other
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ D๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ D์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
cases, though they both use the same IPA symbol. Let's take a look at an example word: dad.
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. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋™์ผํ•œ IPA ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์•„๋น .
00:45
For that beginning D, there is a stop: dd, dd. D is a stop consonant, so I let air
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘ D์—๋Š” ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: dd, dd. D๋Š” ์Šคํ†ฑ ์ž์Œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:52
build up a little bit in my throat -- dd, dd, dd -- and then release it.ย  It's the
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๋ชฉ์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์Œ“์ด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. dd, dd, dd -- ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜
00:59
same with a D at the end of the word, though a little more subtle.ย  Dd, dd, Dad-d-d-d,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” D๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Dd, dd, Dad-d-d-d,
01:07
but you can still hear, dad-d-d, there is a stop. Well, let's take a slightly different
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, dad-d-d, ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
01:13
word, Daddy. Now we have a D sound between two vowels. Daddy, Daddy. I'm going to stretch
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ์•„๋น . ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— D ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„๋น , ์•„๋น . ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:20
out the vowel sound before and after to make that D more noticeable. Daaaaaadyyyy.
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D๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋„๋ก ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„.
01:29
Did you hear a stop? There wasn't one. Daaaaaadyyyy. Between vowels, or after an
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์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด? ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„์•„. ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด, ๋˜๋Š”
01:37
R and before a vowel, it's a different sound, because there isn't a stop. If I pronounced
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R ๋’ค์™€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์•ž์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด์Œ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
both D's with a stop it would sound like this: dad-dy. But it doesn't. It sounds like
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๋‘ D๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Šคํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์•„๋น -๋””. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
daddy, uhh, no stop in the airflow. This is true of the Flap T as well.
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์•„๋น , ์–ด, ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Flap T๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
As I said before, if you look up the word 'daddy' in a dictionary, both of the D sounds,
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด 'daddy'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‘ D์Œ์€
02:02
though different, will have the same symbol.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
This is why I have chosen to say the that Flap T is just like the D sound --- it is
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋žฉ T๊ฐ€ D ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:10
like one kind of D sound, the D between vowels. So, matter = madder. Pronounced the same
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D ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ D์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ฌธ์ œ = ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ด‘์ด. ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
way. When we pronounce a T or D this way, it smooths out speech. It takes out a stop,
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. T๋‚˜ D๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
which is why you'll hear so many Americans flap their T's. We love to smooth out the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด T๋ฅผ ํŽ„๋Ÿญ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ์„ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:29
line.
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.
02:30
So, this was a long explanation about why I use the [d] symbol for a Flap T. The most
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋žฉ T์— [d] ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธด ์„ค๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
important thing to take from this video, though, is that both T and D between vowels, or after
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ T์™€ D๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š”
02:42
an R and before a vowel, don't have a stop component. They do not interrupt the flow
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R ๋’ค์™€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , ์ค‘์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:47
of the line, they smooth out the speech.
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์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
One last comment. Sometimes, regarding the Flap T, I'll get a comment from a student:
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ Flap T์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
that sounds like an R sound to me. It is an R sound? Well, depending on your native
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” R ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. R ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋„ค, ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:01
language, yes, it is. The al-VEE-uh-ler flap is in many languages, usually represented
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. al-VEE-uh-ler ํ”Œ๋žฉ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:08
by the letter R. For example, Arabic, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, to name
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๋ฌธ์ž R๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„๋ž์–ด, ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด, ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์–ด, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด, ํ„ฐํ‚ค์–ด ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
a few. So you may ask, why don't I use that IPA symbol? Two reasons: you won't see
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ IPA ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ :
03:22
that symbol in dictionary of American English. And, I'm not fluent enough in any of those
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ์–ด์—๋„ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
languages, to say: yes, definitely, I know it is absolutely the exact same movement of
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์˜ˆ, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ, ์ž…์ฒœ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ˜€ ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:33
the tongue, touching exactly the same spot at the roof of the mouth. So whether it is
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:38
exactly the same sound or just very close, it may be very useful for you to think of
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ด๋“  ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ด๋“ 
03:43
the Flap T or D between vowels as the R sound from your native language. But, just keep
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๋ชจ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ Flap T ๋˜๋Š” D๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ R ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
03:50
in mind that it is not at all related to the R sound in American English. RRRR, where
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ R ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. RRRR,
03:56
you can hold out that sound, and the front part of the tongue must not touch the roof
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜€์˜ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ž…์ฒœ์žฅ์— ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:00
of the mouth.
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.
04:02
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rachel์˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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