Modal Verbs - How to Use Must, Have to and Should - English Grammar Lesson

情態助動詞 — 怎麼使用“Must”、“Have to”和“Should” — 英文文法課程

Hi, I'm Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

歡迎來到Oxford Online English。

In this lesson, you can learn about the modal verbs must, have to and should.

在本節課裡，您可以學到情態助動詞 “must”、“have to”和“should”。

Do you know the difference between 'must', 'have to' and 'should'?

您知道“must”、“have to”和 “should”之間的區別嗎？

English learners often mix up these three verbs.

英文學生們經常搞混 這三個動詞。

In this lesson, you can learn how to use must, have to and should correctly in English.

在本節課裡，您可以學到怎樣在英文裡 正確地使用“must”、“have to”和“should”。

Must and have to are both used to talk about obligations: things you cannot choose not

“Must”和“have to”二者常用於談論 責任：那些您不能選擇

to do.

不做的事情。

For example:

例如：

We must talk to her before she leaves.

We must talk to her before she leaves.

I have to go into work early tomorrow.

I have to go into work early tomorrow.

If you say, We must talk to her before she leaves, you mean that you think this is very

如果您說“We must talk to her before she leaves”，您的意思是您認為這是

important, and you need to do it.

非常重要的，您要去做它。

When you say, I have to go into work early tomorrow, you mean that you have no choice.

當您說“I have to go into work early tomorrow”，您的意思是您沒有選擇。

These are both obligations, but they’re slightly different.

這是兩個責任，但是 它們是略微不同的。

Can you see how they’re different?

您可以看出它們是怎麼不同的嗎？

The first obligation is more personal, which is why you use must.

第一個責任是更個人的，那就是 您為什麼要使用“must”。

You feel that it’s necessary and important to talk to her before she leaves.

您覺得在她離開之前告訴她 那是必要且重要的。

The obligation comes from you and your feelings.

責任來自於您以及您的感覺。

What about have to?

那“have to”呢？

The second obligation is more situational, which is why you use have to.

第二個責任是更情景性的， 那就是為什麼你使用“have to”。

It’s necessary to go into work early tomorrow, maybe because you have to meet a client, or

明天早一點去上班是必要的， 也許因為您必須與一個客戶會面，或者

you have some important work to finish.

您有些重要的工作要完成。

The obligation comes from the situation, not from you.

責任來自於情形， 不是來自於您。

Let’s see some more examples:

我們再看些事例：

I must pay him back like I promised.

I must pay him back like I promised.

--> You made a promise, and now it’s important to you personally to keep your promise and

--> 您做了一個承諾，現在，信守您的 承諾並償還他，那對您

pay him back.

個人而言是重要的。

He has to do a lot of homework every week.

He has to do a lot of homework every week.

--> He needs to do a lot of homework because the school gives him a lot of homework.

--> 他必須做大量的家庭作業，因為 學校給他大量的家庭作業。

It’s rare to use must to talk about obligations in spoken English.

在英文口說您使用“must” 去談論責任是很少見的。

Native English speakers use have to much more in conversation.

母語人士在交談裡 更多地使用“have to”。

However, you can use must to talk about obligations in formal or written English.

然而，您可以在正式場合或書面 英文裡使用“must”來談論責任。

For example:

例如：

All passengers must have a valid ticket.

All passengers must have a valid ticket.

Candidates must arrive no later than five minutes before the scheduled start time.

Candidates must arrive no later than five minutes before the scheduled start time.

Want an easy answer to this?

想要這個的一個簡單答案嗎

Here’s an easy answer: use have to when you speak.

這裡是一個簡單的答案： 當您說時使用“have to”。

Using must to talk about obligations can sound very formal and strange in spoken English.

口說使用“must”來談論責任 聽起來很正式且奇怪。

If you use have to when you speak, you’ll never be wrong!

在您講話時，如果您使用 “have to”，您會從不犯錯！

You can use must to talk about obligations in your written English if you’re writing

如果您在寫某些更正式的東西， 您可以在您的書面英文裡使用

something more formal.

“must”來談論責任。

This doesn’t mean that you won’t hear must in conversation; actually, you’ll hear

這不意味著您不會在交談裡 聽到“must”；實際上，

it a lot.

您會聽到很多。

Why is this?

這是為什麼？

Didn’t we just tell you not to use must in spoken English?

我們沒有只說您在英文 口說裡不要使用“must”吧？

It’s because must has many other meanings, too.

那是因為“must”也有 很多其他的意思。

Using must to talk about obligations is rare in spoken English, but you can use it for

在英文口說裡使用“must”來談論責任 是少見的，但是，您可以因為

many other things.

很多其他的事情使用它。

Okay, you’ve seen how must and have to are different.

好的，您看過“must”和“have to” 是怎麼不同的。

What about mustn’t and don’t have to?

那“mustn’t”和“don’t have to”呢？

Wait, what?

等等，什麼？

We just talked about must and have to.

我們剛剛談論“must”和“have to”。

Isn’t this the same?

這不是一樣的嗎？

Not at all.

不完全是。

Must and have to aren’t exactly the same, but they are quite similar.

“Must”和“have to”不是完全相同的， 但是，他們是十分相似的。

However, the negatives—mustn’t and don’t have to—are completely different.

然而，否定 — “mustn’t”和 “don’t have to” — 是完全不同的。

Look at two sentences:

看兩個句子：

Visitors must not touch the paintings.

Visitors must not touch the paintings.

You don’t have to be here before ten.

You don’t have to be here before ten.

Can you tell the difference?

您能講出區別嗎？

Must not means that something is forbidden.

“Must not”意思是某些事情是禁止的。

You are not allowed to do this.

您不被允許做這個。

If you’re in a museum, and the sign says Visitors must not touch the paintings, then

如果您在博物館裡，標誌說 “Visitors must not touch the paintings”，那麼，

don’t touch the paintings!

不要觸摸油畫！

Don’t have to means that something is not necessary.

“Don’t have to”意思 是某些事情是沒必要的。

You can choose to do something or not.

您可以選擇做某些事情或不做。

If we have plans, and I tell you, You don’t have to be here before ten, then you can be

如果我們有計畫，我告訴您，“You don’t have to be here before ten”，

here before ten if you want.

那麼，如果您想，您可以 在10點以前到這裡。

You can come at nine, at eight, or whenever you want.

您可以在九點、八點或任何 您想的時間來。

It’s your choice.

那是您的選擇。

Let’s see some more examples:

我們再看一些事例：

Passengers must not talk to the driver while the bus is moving.

Passengers must not talk to the driver while the bus is moving.

--> It’s forbidden to talk to the driver while the bus is moving; you aren’t allowed

--> 當公車開動時，和司機交談 是禁止的；您不被

to do this.

允許做這個。

You don’t have to finish it today.

You don’t have to finish it today.

--> You can finish it today if you want to, but you can also leave it until later if you

--> 如果您想做，您今天可以 完成它，但是，如果您想，

want.

您也可以留著它之後再做。

It’s your choice.

那是您的選擇。

Like must, must not is more common in formal or written English.

像“must”、“must not”在正式的或 書面英文裡是很常見的。

In spoken English, it’s more common to use can’t.

在英文口說裡，使用 “can’t”是更常見的。

For example, you might see a sign saying:

例如，您也許看到一個標誌說：

Mobile phones must not be used while driving.

Mobile phones must not be used while driving.

But, if you were talking, you’d probably say:

但是，如果您在交談， 您有可能說：

You can’t use your phone while you’re driving.

You can’t use your phone while you’re driving.

On the other hand, don’t have to is common in both spoken and written English.

另一方面，“don’t have to”在英文口說 和書面英文裡都是常見的。

So now you’ve seen the difference between must and have to, but what about should?

那麼，現在，您看到了“must”與“have to” 之間的區別，但是，“should”呢？

Remember that must and have to can be used to talk about obligations.

記住“must”和“have to” 能用於談論責任。

Should is different.

“Should”是不同的。

You use should to give advice or express your opinion.

您使用“should”來給出建議， 或表達您的觀點。

For example:

例如：

You should go to bed earlier.

You should go to bed earlier.

Then you wouldn’t feel so tired all the time.

Then you wouldn’t feel so tired all the time.

--> This is my advice.

--> 這是我的建議。

I think it’s better for you to do this, but it isn’t necessary.

我認為做這個對您來說是更好的， 但是，那是沒有必要的。

It’s not an obligation, so you still have a choice.

那不是一個責任，所以 您仍然有一個選擇。

He should do more work if he wants to get promoted.

He should do more work if he wants to get promoted.

--> This is my opinion.

--> 這是我的觀點。

I don’t think he needs to do it, and I don’t necessarily care if he does this or not.

我不認為他需要做那個，我不必 關心他做了這個還是沒有。

You can’t use should to talk about obligations or rules.

您不能使用“should”來 談論責任或規則。

When you say,

當您說，

You should…

You should…

You mean that the person has a choice.

您意思是那個人有一個選擇。

You’re giving your opinion or some advice.

您在給出您的觀點或一些建議。

However, must can also be used to give advice.

然而，“must”也能用於給出建議。

For example:

例如：

You must try the fish.

You must try the fish.

It’s delicious!

It’s delicious!

Actually, you can also use have to to give advice.

實際上，您也能使用 “have to”來給出建議。

You could also say:

您也能說：

You have to try the fish.

You have to try the fish.

It’s delicious!

It’s delicious!

Can you tell the difference between using should to give advice, and using must or have

您可以說出使用“should”、“must” 或“have to”給出建議

to?

之間的區別嗎？

Giving advice with must or have to is stronger and more emphatic than giving advice with

用“must”或“have to”給出建議是 比較強烈的，並比

should.

用“should”給出建議更強調。

If you say:

如果您說：

You should try the fish.

You should try the fish.

This sounds quite neutral, but if you say:

這聽起來很中性，但是，如果您說：

You must try the fish!

You must try the fish!

Or, You have to try the fish!

或者，You have to try the fish!

These sound much stronger.

這些聽起來十分強烈。

You’re more excited about what you’re saying.

您對您正在說的更興奮。

You really like that fish!

您真的喜歡那條魚。

So, you can use must, have to or should to give advice or express opinions.

所以，您可以使用“must”、“have to”或“should” 來給出建議或者表達觀點。

Using must or have to expresses stronger feelings than just using should.

使用“must”或“have to”比只使用 “should”表達更強烈的感覺。

However, if you want to give negative advice, only shouldn’t is possible.

然而，如果您想給出否定建議， 只用“shouldn’t”是可能的。

For example:

例如：

You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate at once—you’ll make yourself sick!

You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate at once—you’ll make yourself sick!

You shouldn’t take the job unless you’re sure it’s what you want.

You shouldn’t take the job unless you’re sure it’s what you want.

In negative sentences, you can only use shouldn’t to give advice or express your opinion.

在否定句裡，您可以只用“shouldn’t” 來給出建議或表達您的觀點。

You can’t use mustn’t or don’t have to with this meaning.

您不能使用“mustn’t”或“don’t have to” 而兼有這個意思。

At this point, you’ve seen how to use must, have to and should to talk about obligations

在這一個重點，您看到了怎麼使用“must”、 “have to”和“should”來

or advice.

談論責任或建議。

Let’s put everything together by comparing all three verbs.

我們通過比較所有三個動詞 把所有東西結合在一起。

Use must for:

您使用“must”在：

Obligations you feel strongly about: I must remember to send him a birthday card.

您強烈感覺到的責任： I must remember to send him a birthday card.

Obligations in formal, written English: All employees must wash hands.

責任的正式形式和書面英文形式： All employees must wash hands.

Strong advice: You must read it—it’s an amazing story!

強烈的建議：You must read it— it’s anamazing story!

Saying something is forbidden, if you use mustn’t: Children must not be left unattended.

如果您使用“mustn’t”，說某些事情是禁止的： Children must not be left unattended.

Remember that mustn’t or must not are more formal, and in spoken English it’s more

記住“mustn’t”或“must not”是 更正式的，在英文口說裡，

common to say can’t.

說“can’t”是更常見的。

Next, what about have to?

接下來，那“have to”呢？

You use have to for:

您使用“have to”在：

Obligations which depend on rules or circumstances: I have to wear glasses because I can’t see

取決於規則或情形的責任： I have to wear glasses because I can’t see

so clearly.

so clearly.

Most obligations in spoken English: Do you have to work tomorrow?

英文口說裡的大部分責任：Do you have to work tomorrow?

Saying something is not necessary: You don’t have to do this if you don’t want to.

說某些事情是不必要的：You don’t have to do this if you don’t want to.

Strong advice: You have to try this ice cream!

強烈的建議：You have to try this ice cream!

Using have to for strong advice sounds more conversational than using must.

“have to” 用於強烈的建議聽起來 比用“must”更有對話性。

Finally, should.

最後，“should”。

You can use should for:

您可以使用“should”在：

Giving advice: You should try once more—I’m sure you can get it.

給出建議： You should try once more—I’m sure you can get it.

Giving negative advice: You shouldn’t work so hard.

給出否定建議： You shouldn’t work so hard.

Take a break sometimes!

偶爾休息一下。

Giving your opinion: If they make us work overtime, they should pay us for it.

給出您的觀點： If they make us work overtime, they should pay us for it.

One last point: these three verbs can also be used to talk about probability and certainty.

最後一個重點： these three verbs can also be used to talk about probability and certainty.

In this video, we focused on talking about obligations and giving advice, but these verbs

在這部影片裡，我們著重於談論 責任、給出建議，但是這些動詞

can also be used in other ways.

也能以其他方式使用。

So now you’ve seen how to use must, have to and should in different ways.

所以，現在您看到怎樣以不同的方式 使用“must”、“have to”和“should”。

Want more practice with this topic?

想在這個主題有更多的練習嗎？

Check out the full lesson on our website: Oxford Online English.com.

在我們的網站查看完整的版本： Oxford Online English.com.

You can read the script and practice with a quiz.

您可以讀腳本，並做隨堂測驗。

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！