Using Conditional Sentences in English - 5 Levels of Difficulty

英语语法 - 条件句使用的五个等级

Hi, I’m Stephanie.

嗨，我是Stephanie。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about conditional sentences.

在本节课中，您能学到条件句。

Conditional sentences are sentences with the word ‘if’.

条件句是有“if”的句子。

You can use conditional sentences to talk about many different situations.

您可以用条件句来谈论 很多不同的情况。

There are also sentences which don’t use the word ‘if’, but which follow similar

也有句子不使用单词“if”， 但是追随类似的

rules.

规则。

By the way, do you want English subtitles while watching this video?

此外，在您看这个视频时， 您想有英语或中文字幕吗？

Click the ‘CC’ button in the bottom right now to turn on English subtitles if you need

如果您需要看字幕，现在点击视频播放器 底部右侧的“CC”键，

them.

打开字幕。

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson.

这是一个“五个级别”的课程。

That means you’ll see five sections.

也就是说您会看到五个单元。

Each section will give you a challenge.

每个单元会给您一个挑战。

Each section is more difficult than the previous one.

每个单元也会比之前一个更难。

If you’re a more advanced English speaker, you should probably skip to level two.

如果您是一个较高阶的会说英语的人， 您可能要跳到第二级别。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let’s go!

我们开始！

Look at the five sentences.

看五个句子。

Your job is to put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

您的作业是填写括号里动词 的正确时态。

Pause the video and do it now.

暂停视屏，现在开始做。

Ready?

好了吗？

Here are the answers.

这里是回答。

So, what do you need to know here?

那么，这您需要了解什么？

These sentences are called first conditionals.

这些句子称为第一条件句。

They talk about things which could happen in the future.

他们谈论会在未来发生的事情。

All conditional sentences have two parts.

所有的条件句有两个部分。

They have an if-clause… …and a *result* clause.

他们有一个 if 子句.... …以及一个 *结果* 子句。

You need to know three basic things to make first conditional sentences.

您需要知道三件基本的事情 来造第一条件句。

One: after ‘if’, use a present tense.

一：在“if”之后，使用现在式。

Here, you use the present simple.

这，您使用现在简单式。

Other present tenses are sometimes possible, but you can almost always use the present

有时可能用其他的现在时态， 但是您几乎总是可以使用

simple.

现在简单式。

Even though you’re talking about the future, you generally can’t use a future form after

尽管您在谈论将来，您一般不能在“if” 后面使用一个将来形式；

‘if’; you use a present verb tense to talk about the future.

您使用动词的现在时态来谈论将来。

Two: in the result clause – meaning the other part of the sentence – use a future

二：在结果子句 - 意味着句子的 其他部分 - 使用

form.

一个将来形式。

You can use different future forms, like ‘will’, ‘going to’, or the present continuous.

您可以使用不同的将来形式，像是“will”、 “going to”或现在进行式。

Three: you can change the order of the clauses; you can put the if-clause at the start of

三：您可以改变子句的顺序； 您可以放if子句在句首，

the sentence, or you can start with the result clause, and the if-clause goes afterwards.

或者您可以用结果子句开始， if子句放在后面。

With these three points, you can make first conditional sentences to talk about things

有这三个要点，您可以造第一条件句 来谈论在将来可能

which might happen in the future.

发生的事情。

However, there are many other kinds of conditional sentence.

然而，条件句有很多种。

Let’s move on to level two!

让我们进入第二级别。

Look at your sentences for level two.

看您的第二级别的句子。

Here, you have a different task.

这，您有一个不同的任务。

Some of these sentences are correct, but some are not.

这些句子有些是正确的， 但有些是错误的。

Your job is to find the mistakes and correct them.

您的工作是找到错的并改正他们。

Pause the video and think about it.

暂停视频，考虑答案。

Take as much time as you need!

随便您花多少时间。

Could you do it?

您可以做吗？

Let’s look together.

让我们一起来看。

Sentences one and two are correct.

句子一和二是正确的。

These are called zero conditionals.

这是零条件。

A zero conditional uses the present simple in both parts of the sentence.

一个零条件句在句子的两个部分 使用现在简单式。

Use zero conditionals to talk about things which are generally true.

使用零条件句来谈论那些 通常是真的事情。

Sentence three is incorrect, but four is correct.

句子三不正确，但是句子四是正确的

Can you explain why?

您能解释为什么吗？

‘Unless’ means ‘if not’.

“Unless”意思是“if not”。

You can’t use a negative verb after ‘unless’, because you can’t have two negatives together

您不能在“unless”后面使用一个否定动词， 因为在英语中，您不能同时

in English.

有两个否定。

So, sentence three should be ‘Unless you *have* further questions, let’s move on

这样，句子三必须是“Unless you *have* further questions, let’s move on

to the next point.’

to the next point.“

Finally, sentence five is also incorrect.

最后，句子五也是不正确的。

There are many words which behave similarly to ‘if’.

有很多单词与”if“相似。

‘Until’ is one such word; others include ‘as soon as’, ‘when’, ‘in case’

”Until“是其中一个；其他的包括 ”as soon as“、 ”when“、”in case’

and ‘unless’.

和“unless”。

Like with ‘if’, you can’t generally use a future form after these words.

就像搭配“if”，在这些单词后面， 您一般不能使用一个将来形式。

Instead, you use a present verb – usually the present simple – to refer to the future.

取代的是，您使用一个动词现在式 – 通常 是现在简单式 – 来指将来。

So, sentence five should be ‘I can’t do any work until my computer *is* fixed.’

这样，句子五必须是“I can’t do any work until my computer *is* fixed.”

Did you get everything right?

您做的都对了吗？

If so, great!

如果是这样，太棒了。

If not, don’t worry.

如果没有，不用担心。

Remember that you can always review a section if you need to.

记住，如果您需要的话，您总是 能复习一个单元。

Here are your sentences.

这是给您的句子。

This time, you have to put both verbs into the correct form.

这次，您必须填两个动词的正确形式。

Here’s a tip: not all the sentences follow the same pattern.

这有一个建议：不是所有的句子都 追随相同结构。

Think carefully!

认真考虑！

For one verb, there are two possible answers.

一个动词，有两种可能的答案。

Pause the video and make your answers now.

现在暂停视屏，做您的答案。

Done?

做好了吗？

Take a look.

看一下。

How did you do?

您怎么做的？

Did you get them all right?

您都作对了吗？

If not, what do you need to study?

如果没有，您需要学什么？

These sentences are all second and third conditionals.

这些句子都是第二和第三条件句。

Second and third conditionals are *unreal* conditionals.

第二和第三条件是 *不真实的* 条件。

That means you use them to talk about imaginary situations – situations that didn’t really

这就是说您用他们来谈论想像的 情况 - 没有真的发生那些情况，

happen, or won’t happen.

或者不会发生。

For example, look at sentence two: ‘If I were president, I’d send everyone a cake

例如，看句子二：“If I were president, I’d send everyone a cake

on their birthday.’

on their birthday.”

But, I’m not president, and I’m not going to be.

但是我不是总统，将来我 也不会是总统。

It’s an unreal, imaginary situation.

那是一个不真实的、想像的情形。

So, no cake for you!

所以，您没有蛋糕！

You use second conditionals to talk about unreal situations in the present or future.

您使用第二条件来谈论在现在或 将来不真实的情形。

You use third conditionals to talk about unreal situations in the past.

您使用第三条件来谈论在过去的 不真实的情况。

Look at the five sentences again.

再看一下五个句子。

Which ones are second conditionals, and which are third conditionals?

哪一些是第二条件， 哪一些是第三条件？

One, two and four are second conditionals; they refer to the present or the future.

句子一、二和四是第二条件； 他们指的是现在或将来。

Three and five refer to the past, so they’re third conditionals.

句子三和五指的是过去，所以 他们是第三条件。

If you find this difficult, start by reviewing second conditional sentences.

如果您发现这很难，从 复习第二条件句开始。

Also, study the difference between real and unreal conditionals.

也学习真实的与不真实的 条件句之间的区别。

Many languages don’t make a difference between real and unreal situations like English does.

很多语言不像英语那样在真实的 与不真实的情形之间有区别。

If your language doesn’t do this, then you’ll need to pay extra attention to these unreal

如果您的语言不像这样，在您说英语时， 您也许需要额外注意

sentences when you’re speaking English.

这些不真实的句子。

When you feel that you understand second conditionals well, then learn and practise third conditionals.

当您觉得您很好地理解了第二条件句， 那么学习和练习第三条件句。

So, is that it?

那么，那是什么？

Have we seen all the possible types of conditional sentences?

您看到了所有可能的 条件句类型吗？

Not quite yet.

还没有。

In level four, let’s do something a little different.

在第四级别，让我们做些有点不同的。

Look at the sentences to begin.

我们先看些句子。

You have two jobs here.

在这您有两个作业。

One: are both verb forms possible, or not?

一：两种动词形式是可行的吗， 还是不可行？

If not, which one is right?

如果不可行，哪一个是正确的？

Two: if both are possible, is there any difference in meaning?

二：如果两个是可行的，他们的 意思有区别吗？

If so, what?

如果有区别，是什么？

Pause the video now.

现在暂停视屏。

You know what to do!

您知道要做什么。

OK, before we look at the answers, here’s a clue: there’s only one sentence where

好，在我们看答案之前，这有 一个线索：两个动词形式是

both verb forms are possible.

可行的仅有一个句子。

If that’s news to you, then feel free to pause again and take more time to think about

如果这和您的答案不同，那么您可以 随时再暂停视屏，花更多时间

it.

考虑这些句子。

Ready now?

现在可以了吗？

Let’s check!

我们来检查一下。

Like in level three, all these sentences are *unreal* conditionals.

像是在第三级别，所有的句子是 *不真实的*条件。

They’re talking about things which didn’t happen or won’t happen in reality.

他们在谈论在现实中并没有发生 或不会发生的事情。

But, these are mixed conditionals.

但是，这些是混合条件。

That means the one part of the sentence is about the present or future, and the other

那就是说句子的一部分是现在式或将来式， 另一部分则是

part is about the past.

过去式。

For example, in sentence two, the first clause – which is the result clause – is about

例如，在句子二里，第一个子句 – 那是一个结果子句 – 是

the present, and the if-clause is about the past.

现在式，而if - 子句则是过去式。

In sentence three, the result clause is about the future, and the if-clause is about the

在句子三里，结果子句是将来式， if - 子句是

past.

过去式。

In sentence one, both forms are possible.

在句子一里，两种动词形式是可行的。

Sentence one can also be a third conditional, referring to the past.

句子一也能是一个第三条件句， 指的是过去式。

However, it can also be a mixed conditional, with the if-clause referring to the present,

然而，那也可以是一个混合条件句， if-子句是现在式，

and the result clause referring to the past.

结果子句是过去式。

Here’s the question you probably want an answer to: what’s the difference between

这是一个您可能想问的问题： 在句子一里使用两种动词

using the two forms in sentence one?

形式有什么区别？

Can you explain it?

您可以解释吗？

If you use ‘wasn’t’, and say ‘if she wasn’t so shy’, then you’re referring

如果您使用“wasn’t”，说“if she wasn’t so shy”，那么您指

to the present.

的是现在式。

This suggests that she’s generally shy – this is part of her personality.

这表明她通常会害羞 – 这是她的个性的一部分。

If you say ‘if she hadn’t been so shy’, then you’re referring to the past.

如果您说“if she hadn’t been so shy”， 那么您是指过去式。

This suggests that she was shy during her stay here, but maybe she’s not shy all the

这表明她待在这里时很害羞， 但也许她不是一直都

time.

这样的。

This is a small difference, but it is a difference nonetheless.

尽管这是一个小区别，但那是一个区别。

Another question: how do you know there’s only one possibility for sentences two to

另一个问题：您知道为什么句子二 到句子五只有一种

five?

可能性吗？

It’s because all these sentences contain a time marker.

那是因为所有的句子包含有 一个时间标记。

For example, sentences two and four include the word ‘now’.

例如，句子二和句子四包含有单词“now”。

So, they must be about the present.

所以，他们必须是现在式。

Sentences three and five contain time markers which clearly refer to the past.

句子三和句子五包含有清晰地指向 过去式的时间标记。

So, what should you do if you found this difficult?

所以，如果您很难找这些，那怎么办？

First, review second and third conditionals, and how to form them.

首先，复习第二和第三条件句， 以及怎样构建他们。

If you have difficulties with the formation of second or third conditional sentences,

如果您在第二或第三条件句的 构建上有困难，

then you’ll struggle with mixed conditionals, too.

那么您也会在混合条件句上挣扎。

Then, try to make some mixed conditional sentences about your life.

那么，试着去造一些有关您生活的 混合条件句。

Think of things you did – or didn’t do – in the past, which could have made a difference

现在，考虑那些您在过去做了的或没做的 并可能会让您的生活

to your life now.

有所不同的事情。

Or, think about your personality traits, and how your past might have been different if

或者，考虑您的个性特质，以及 如果您曾有一个不同的个性，

you had a different personality.

您的过去可能会有怎样的不同。

If you want extra practise, add your examples in the comments!

如果您想额外的练习， 在评论里写您的例句！

OK, there’s one more section.

好，还有一个单元。

Are you ready for the toughest challenge?

您准备好最顶级的挑战了吗？

Look at your level five sentences.

看看第五级别的句子。

Your job is to complete each sentence with *one* word.

您的作业是用*一个*单词 完成每一个句子。

There’s only one answer that makes sense, except for number five, where there are at

只有一个有意义的答案， 除了有至少两个可能

least two possible answers.

回答的5号。

Pause the video and find your answers.

暂停视屏并想出您的答案。

Could you do it?

您能做吗？

These sentences test some extremely specific grammar knowledge.

这些句子测试一些极其特定的语法知识。

Let’s see the answers.

我们看看回答。

So, can you explain what’s happening here?

那么，您可以解释这里是怎样吗？

Some of these sentence might look strange or wrong, but they’re all correct.

一些句子也许看上去是奇怪的或 错误的，但是他们都是正确的。

By the way, in sentence five, ‘would’ is – we think – the most likely answer,

顺便说说，在句子五，“would”是 我们认为的最可能的答案，

but ‘will’ and ‘could’ are also possible.

但是“will”和“could”也可能是。

In sentence one, using the present perfect, instead of the present simple, means that

在句子一里，使用现在完成式， 取代了现在简单式，意味着

this person has already taken their English exam, but doesn’t know the results yet.

这个人已经参加了他们的英语测验， 但是他还不知道结果。

Usually in first conditional sentences, you might be able to use other present tenses,

通常在第一条件句里，您 也许能用其他的现在时态，

but you can always use the present simple.

但是您总是可以使用现在简单式。

However, there’s one case where you *must* use the present perfect.

然而，有一个事例您*必须* 使用现在完成式。

If you’re talking about the future consequences of something which happened in the past, you

如果您在谈论某些过去发生事情 的将来后果，

need the present perfect after ‘if’.

您要在“if”后面用现在完成式。

In this case, the event – the exam – is in the past, but the consequences – meaning

在这个事例里，事件 — 测验是过去发生的， 但是后果 — 意思是

the results – are in the future.

测验结果 — 是在将来的。

Sentence two is a more formal or literary style.

句子二是更正式或文学形式。

The more common pattern would be ‘if you had told us sooner…’

更常见的结构会是“if you had told us sooner…“

You can use this formal style if the first verb after ‘if’ is ‘had’, ‘should’

如果”if“后的第一个动词是 ”had“、”should“或”were“，

or ‘were’.

您可以用这种正式形式。

To form the sentence, you do two things.

要构建句子，您要做两件事。

One: you omit ‘if’.

一：您忽略”if“.

Two: you move the auxiliary verb – ‘had’, ‘should’ or ‘were’ – before the

二：您移动助动词”had“、 ”should“或”were“到

subject.

主语前。

It’s never necessary to use this pattern; you can always use a regular conditional,

从来都不必使用这种结构；您总是 可以用带”if“的一个正常的

with ‘if’, instead.

条件句来取代它。

What about sentence three?

那句子三呢？

In second conditional sentences, if the verb after ‘if’ describes an action, you can

在第二条件句里，如果”if“后面 的动词描述一个行动，

add ‘were to’ before the verb.

您可以在动词前面增加”were to”。

This emphasises that the situation is very distant or unlikely.

这强调了情形是很不乐观或不像是那样。

When you use this, you’re saying ‘I really don’t think this will happen.’

当您使用这个时，您在说“I really don’t think this will happen.”

In this case, the interviewer is probably not very positive about this candidate!

在这个事例里，面试官可能不是 十分赞同这个候选人。

Again, you never need to use this structure.

再一次，您从来都不需要去使用这种结构。

You could make a regular second conditional: ‘if we decided to hire you…’

您可以造一个正常的第二条件句： “if we decided to hire you…”

In sentence four, what do you think is happening?

在句子四里，您怎样认为？

You might be thinking: you can’t use ‘will’ after ‘if’ in a conditional sentence.

您可能想：您不能在一个条件句 的“if”后面用“will”。

That’s generally true, but this sentence isn’t really a conditional.

那一般是真的，但是这个句子并非真正地 是一个条件句。

‘If’ here does not express a condition; it is similar in meaning to ‘in case’.

“If”在这没有表达出一个条件的意思； 它的意思是近似于“in case”。

You can understand the sentence as ‘You can take it, because it might help you.’

您可以把句子理解成“You can take it, because it might help you.”

So, the regular rules about first conditionals don’t apply here, and you can – and should

那么，正常的第一条件规则在这不 适用，您可以

– use ‘will’ after ‘if’.

在“if”的后面使用“will”。

Sentence five might also look weird to some of you.

也许您也觉得句子五看上去有点怪。

Can you explain it?

您可以解释吗？

Why is there only one part?

为什么只有一个部分。

Don’t conditionals need to have two parts?

条件句不是有两个部分吗？

Like with number four, this isn’t a conditional.

像是句子四，这不是一个条件句。

It’s a formal way of making a request.

那是发出请求的一种正式的方式。

The meaning is equivalent to ‘Would you please follow me?’

含义相当于“Would you please follow me?”

Because it isn’t a conditional, it doesn’t need a result clause – you can just use

因为那不是一个条件句，它不需要 一个结果子句，您可以只用

an if-clause by itself.

“if”子句自己作为一句。

Remember that this is a formal style, and you’re not likely to hear it or use it often.

记住这是一个正式的形式，您不太 可能经常听到或用到它。

Now, we have one final question for you: what topic from this lesson would you like to learn

现在，我们有一个最后的问题给您： 这节课里的哪种主题

more about?

您想要学到更多？

Please let us know in the comments!

请在评论栏里告诉我们。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！