Adjectives and Adverbs in English - 5 Levels of Difficulty

英语形容词和副词的5个难度级别

Hi, I’m Liam. Welcome to Oxford  Online English! In this lesson,  

嗨，我是Liam。欢迎来到Oxford  Online English！在本节课里，

you can learn about using  adjectives and adverbs in English.  

您可以学到英语形容词和副词的使用。

You’ll see how to use different types of  adjectives or adverbs in an English sentence.

您会看到怎样在一个英语句子里 使用形容词和副词的不同类型。

To see more free English lessons, visit our  website: Oxford Online English dot com. You  

要看更多的英语免费课程，参观我们的 网站：Oxford Online English dot com。

can also book English classes with  our fully-qualified teachers, who can  

您也可以在我们完全符合资格的 老师那里预定英语课程，他们可以

help you with your English speaking, writing,  IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.

在英语口语、写作、雅思考试准备或 任何其他您需要的部分帮到您。

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson. That  means you’ll see five sections.  

这是一节“5 levels”课程。那意味着 您会看到五个单元。

Each section will give you a challenge. Each  section is more difficult than the previous ones.

每个单元都会给您带来一个挑战。 每一个单元都比之前的单元要更难。

Level one is beginner, so if you’re not  a beginner, you should skip to level two.

第一级适合初学者，所以如果您 不是一个初学者，您要跳到第二级。

Ready? Let’s go!

准备好了吗？我们开始吧！

Look at five sentences. 

看看五个句子。

Each sentence contains one adjective, and one  adverb. Can you find them? Pause the video,  

每个句子包含有一个形容词和一个 副词。您能找出它们吗？

and find the adjective and the  adverb in each sentence. Do it now! 

暂停视频，找每个句子里的形容词和副词。 现在开始做！

Ready? Let’s check. 

准备好了吗？我们来检查一下。

Adjectives often come before a noun,  as in ‘old town’ or ‘Italian bakery’.

形容词通常在一个名词前面， 像是在“old town”或“Italian bakery”。

Adjectives can also come after a noun, often  after a verb like ‘be’, as in ‘it was cloudy’.

形容词也可以在一个名词后面， 通常 是一个动词的后面，像“be”，像是在“it was cloudy”。

You could also put an adjective after  a noun using other linking verbs,  

您也可以在一个使用其他联结动词 的名词后面放一个形容词，

like ‘get’, ‘become’ or ‘look’.  For example: ‘It’s getting dark.’

像“get”、“become”或“look”。 例如：“It’s getting dark.”

Adjectives only do one thing: they describe  nouns. An adjective *always* links to a noun.

形容词只做一件事情：他们描述名词。 一个形容词*总是* 联结到一个名词。

Adverbs can be harder to find,  because they do many different jobs.

副词可能是比较难找的， 因为他们承担很多不同的工作。

Many adverbs end in -ly,  like ‘probably’ or ‘lightly’.  

很多副词用 -ly结尾， 像“probably”或“lightly”。

However, many adverbs don’t,  like ‘well’ or ‘ever’.

然而，很多副词不是这样， 像“well”或“ever”。

Also, adverbs do many different jobs. They  can describe verbs, adjectives, or situations.

副词也承担很多不同的工作。他们可以 描述动词、形容词或情形。

To use adjectives and adverbs well in English, you  should know how to recognise them in a sentence.

要使用好英语形容词和副词，您 要知道怎样在一个句子里识别出它们。

If that’s clear, then let’s move on to level two! 

如果那清楚了，那么我们进入到第二级！

Here’s your challenge for level two. 

这里有给您的第二级挑战。

Here, your job is to put the adjectives  and adverbs in the right places.

在这里，您的作业是把形容词 和副词放在正确的地方。

You can’t add any punctuation. That means there’s  only one possible answer for each sentence,  

您不能添加任何标点符号。那意味着每个 句子仅有一个可能的答案，

except sentence five, where there’s  at least one more possibility.

除了至少还有一种可能性的第五句。

Pause the video and think about it now! 

现在暂停视频，考虑它们！

Could you do it? Let’s take a look. So, what do you need to know here?

您可以完成吗？我们看一下。 所以，在这里您需要做什么？

There are rules for word order  for both adjectives and adverbs.

有形容词和副词二者 单词顺序的规则。

The rules for adjectives are simpler,  because adjectives always link to a noun.  

形容词的规则是简单的， 英文形容词总是联结到一个名词。

As you saw in level one, the  adjective either goes before the noun,  

如同您在第一级看到的，形容词 不是在名词的前面，就是

or after the noun with a linking verb like ‘be’. Rules for adverbs are more complicated,  

在一个使用像“be”一样的联结动词 的名词后面。副词的规则是很复杂的，

because different kinds of adverbs  need to go in different positions.

因为不同类型的副词需要 置于不同的位置。

Sometimes, an adjective and an  adverb can have the same form.  

有时，一个形容词和一个副词  可以有相同的形式。

For example, ‘enough’ can be  an adjective or an adverb.

例如，“enough”可以是一个形容词 或一个副词。

If it’s an adjective, it goes before the  noun, as in: ‘We don’t have enough time.’ 

如果它是一个形容词，它置于名词的前面， 像是在：“We don’t have enough time.”

If it’s an adverb, it goes after the verb or verb  phrase. For example: ‘He didn’t run fast enough.’ 

如果它是一个副词，它置于动词或一个动词短语 后面。例如：“He didn’t run fast enough.”

This is a useful rule for adverb word order. If  an adverb describes a verb, then it normally goes  

这是一个对副词单词顺序有用的规则。如果 一个副词描述一个动词，那么，正常来说，

after the verb or verb phrase. You can  see this in sentences two and three.

它置于动词或动词短语后面。您可以在 第二句和第三句里看到这个。

If this is confusing for you, you should  learn about the different types of adverb,  

如果这会让您混淆，您要学习 副词的不同类型，

and where to put them in a sentence.

以及把它们置于句子的哪个位置。

It’s also important that you can tell the  difference between adjectives and adverbs.  

您能判断下形容词和副词之间的 区别也是重要的。

Remember that the same word,  like ‘fast’ or ‘enough’,  

记住相同的单词， 像是“fast”或“enough”，

could be an adjective or an adverb in  different sentences. You can’t tell just  

在不同的句子里可以是一个形容词或一个副词。 您不能仅仅

by looking at the word; you have to look at  the whole sentence and understand the meaning.

通过看单词来判断；您必须看整个 句子并理解它的意思。

Now, let’s go to level three! 

现在，我们去第三级。

Here are your sentences. Your job is simple:  

这是您的句子。 您的功课是简单的：

choose the correct word in each sentence.  Pause the video now and find your answers. 

在每一个句子里选择正确的单词。 现在暂停视频开始找出您的答案。

Did you do it? Even if it’s difficult,  spend some time thinking about it.  

您做好了吗？假如它是难的， 花点时间考虑它。

Take more time if you need! OK, let’s see the answers now.

如果您需要，花更多的时间！ 好了，我们现在看一下答案。

Did you get the right answers? Is anything  confusing? Let’s see what’s going on here.

您答对了吗？有任何事情是混淆的吗？ 我们来看看这里是怎样的。

First point: not all adverbs end in  -ly, and sometimes, a word can have  

重点一：不是所有的副词用-ly结尾， 有时，一个单词可以有两种

two forms – like ‘hard’ and ‘hardly’, or ‘direct’  and ‘directly’ – and *both* of them are adverbs.

形式—像“hard”和“hardly”，或“direct” 和“directly”— 它们*二者*都是副词。

In sentence one, ‘hard’ and ‘hardly’ are both  adverbs, but they have different meanings.  

在句子一，”hard“和”hardly“两个都是副词， 但是，它们意思不同。

Do you know what they mean? ‘Hardly’ means ‘almost never’.  

您知道它们是什么意思吗？ ”Hardly“意思是”almost never“。

If you say ‘She hardly ever raises her voice’,  you mean that she almost never raises her voice.

如果您说”She hardly ever raises her voice“， 您意思是她从来不会提高她的声音。

‘Hard’ as an adverb means ‘intensely’.

"Hard"作为一个副词意思是”intensely“。

What about ‘direct’ and ‘directly’?  Here, it’s slightly different.  

那”direct“和”directly“呢？ 在这里，有一点区别。

Both mean that you go somewhere without stopping,  but they’re used in different contexts. In most  

二者意思是您不停留地去某个地方， 但是，它们用于不同的上下文。在大部分的

contexts, you say ‘directly’. For example: ‘I  walked directly over to him and told him to stop.’ 

上下文里，您说”directly“。例如：”I walked directly over to him and told him to stop.“

But, if you’re talking about public  transport, then you use ‘direct’, without -ly.  

但是，如果您在谈论公共交通， 那么您使用”direct“，没有-ly。

For example, if you take a train from  Berlin to Moscow without changing trains,  

例如，如果您从柏林搭乘火车 到莫斯科，不用换火车，

then you can say you went  *direct* from Berlin to Moscow. 

那么您可以说您从柏林 *直接*到莫斯科。

In sentence three, is ‘sickly’  an adjective or an adverb? 

在句子三，”sickly“是 一个形容词还是一个副词？

It’s an adjective. Adjectives can also end in -ly.  ‘Sick’ and ‘sickly’ are both adjectives, but they  

那是一个形容词。形容词也可以用-ly结尾。 ”Sick“和”sickly“二者都是形容词，但是，

have different meanings. ‘Sick’ means ill, as  in: ‘I can’t come to work today. I feel sick.’ 

它们有不同含义。”Sick“意思是病了，像是在： ”I can’t come to work today. I feel sick.“

‘Sickly’ describes someone who is unhealthy and  who gets ill easily. For example: ‘She was a very  

”Sickly“描述某人身体不好，容易得病。 例如：”She was a very

sickly child. She seemed to get ill every month.’ In sentence four, ‘late’ is an adverb, meaning the  

sickly child. She seemed to get ill every month.“ 在句子四，”late“是一个副词，意思与

opposite of ‘early’. ‘Lately’ is also an adverb,  but it means ‘recently’, and it doesn’t fit here. 

”early“相反。”Lately“也是一个副词， 但是，它意思是”recently“，它不适用于这里。

In sentence five, ‘flatly’ and  ‘straight’ are both adverbs.

在句子五，”flatly“和“straight” 两个都是副词。

What’s the point here? The most important thing  is that you can’t tell by looking at a word  

在这里重点是什么？最重要的事情是 您不能通过看一个单词来判断

whether it’s an adjective or an adverb. Many  words can be both. Adjectives and adverbs  

它是一个形容词，还是一个副词。 很多单词可以是这二者。形容词和副词

can have the same form. Sometimes,  words which look like they should  

可以有相同的形式。有时， 看上去它们肯定是相关联的

be related – like ‘hard’ and ‘hardly’ –  can have completely different meanings.

单词—像“hard”和“hardly”— 可以有完全不同的意思。

Don’t focus on the words; focus on  the sentences and what they mean.  

不要盯住单词，要着重看 句子和它们意思是什么。

The same word in a different sentence  could have a completely different meaning.

同一个单词在不同的句子里 可以有一个完全不同的意思。

Ready to move on? Remember that you can  always review a level if you need to. 

准备好继续了吗？记住，如果您需要， 您总是可以再复习一个等级。

So, what’s happening here? Can you guess?

那么，在这里发生了什么？ 您可以猜一下吗？

Do these sentences look right to you? They aren’t!  Each sentence has one mistake. The mistakes  

您觉得这些句子看起来是对的吗？它们不是！ 每一个句子都有一个错误。错误

relate to adjective or adverb use. Your job  is to find the mistakes and correct them.  

与形容词或副词的使用有关。您的功课是 找到错误并修正它们。

Try to think about *why* these sentences  are wrong. Could you explain the problem? 

试着考虑 *为什么*这些句子是错的。 您可以解释问题吗？

Anyway, pause the video now, and think  about your ideas. Take your time. 

随便，现在暂停视频，考虑您的 想法。您随意。

OK? Let’s look together. 

好了吗？我们来一起看看。

In sentence one, ‘amazing’ is a strong adjective.  You can’t use ‘very’ with a strong adjective.  

在句子一，“amazing”是一个很强烈的形容词。 您不能使用“very”搭配一个强烈的形容词。

You can use ‘really’ or  ‘absolutely’. So, you could also say  

您可以使用“really”或 “absolutely”。所以，您也可以说

‘It was an absolutely amazing experience.’ Do you know any other strong adjectives? 

“It was an absolutely amazing experience.” 您知道其他的强烈的形容词吗？

There are many, but you could say adjectives  like ‘freezing’, ‘incredible’ or ‘delighted’.

有很多，但是，您可以说像是“freezing”、 “incredible”或“delighted”的形容词。

In sentence two, if you have more  than one adjective before a noun,  

在句子二，如果您在一个名词 前面有不止一个形容词，

then the adjectives need  to go in a specific order.  

那么，形容词需要有一个特定的顺序。

The most important rule to remember is  that adjectives which give an opinion  

要记住的最重要规则是给出一个 观点的形容词会置于

go before adjectives which describe a fact.  That’s why ‘lovely’ needs to go before ‘small’.

描述一个事实的形容词之前。  那就是为什么“lovely”需要置于“small”的前面。

In sentence three, there’s a  useful rule which you can use.  

在句子三，这里有一个您可以 运用的有用规则。

If you’re deciding where an adverb  – like ‘sometimes’ – can go,  

如果您用一个副词 — 像是“sometimes” —描述可以去的地方，

and the verb has two parts – like ‘can be’ –  then the adverb *always* goes in the middle. 

并且动词有两部分—像“can be”— 那么，副词*总是*置于中间。

In sentence four, can you explain the  problem? Let’s change the sentence a little. 

在句子四，您可以解释问题吗？ 我们来稍微改变一下句子。

This sentence is fine. You don’t need to  add ‘people’ to make it correct. Why not?

这个句子是可以的。您不需要添加 “people”来让它正确。为什么不？

Some adjectives can also be  used as nouns. ‘Egyptian’  

有些形容词也可以当名词用。“Egyptian”   可以是一个形容词

can be an adjective or a noun. ‘Spanish’ is  only an adjective, so it needs a noun after it.

或一个名词。“Spanish”仅是一个形容词， 所以需要置于一个名词之前。

With words for nationalities, words which end  in A-N can be used as adjectives or nouns:  

就那些国籍的单词来说，那些用A-N结尾的单词 可以当作形容词或名词使用：

German, Russian, Australian, Brazilian, and  so on. There are a few other words which  

German、Russian、Australian、Brazilian 等等。有几个不适用于这个规则

don’t fit this pattern, but can also be used as  adjectives or nouns, like ‘Greek’ or ‘Kazakh’.

的单词，但是，也可以当作形容词或 名词使用，像是“Greek”或“Kazakh”。

So, you can say: ‘There are many  Greeks living in Australia.’ 

所以，您可以说：“There are many  Greeks living in Australia.”

If you aren’t sure whether a word can be used as  a noun or not, then just add a noun afterwards.  

如果您不确定一个单词是否可以当作一个 名词使用，那么就在后面加一个名词。

You can also say: ‘There are many Greek people  living in Australia.’ It’s totally correct. 

您也可以说：“There are many Greek people  living in Australia.”那是完全正确的。

In sentence five, you have a compound adjective:  

在句子五，您有一个复合形容词：

‘two-year-old’, which is made  by combining other words.

“two-year-old”，是由其他单词 组合成的。

Compound adjectives are often made with a number,  

复合形容词通常用一个数字构成，

like ‘a six-hour flight’ or ‘a  three-hundred-dollar ticket’.

像是“a six-hour flight”或 ”a three-hundred-dollar ticket.“

If you make a compound adjective with a number,  

如果您用一个数字构成一个 复合形容词，

*don’t* add an -s to the other parts of  the adjective. It’s a common mistake.

*不要*添加一个 -s 到形容词的其他部分。 那是一个常见的错误。

Now, let’s look at the  hardest challenge: level five!

现在，我们看看最难的挑战： 第五级！

Level five will test everything you’ve  seen so far. Here are your sentences. 

第五级会测试您之前您看到过的 每一个重点。这里是您的句子。

Only one of these sentences is correct. Four  have problems – possibly just one mistake,  

这些句子里只有一个是正确的。四个 有问题—有可能就一个错误，

or maybe more than one! Your job  is to find the correct sentence,  

或也许多于一个！您的功课 是找到正确的句子，

and correct the mistakes in the other  four. Pause the video and do your best! 

并修正其他四个里面的错误。 暂停视频，努力一下！

Ready? How did you do? Which  sentence do you think is correct? 

准备好了吗？您做得怎样？ 您觉得哪一个句子是正确的？

Sentence two is correct; the  other four have problems.

句子二是正确的； 其他四个有问题。

Surprised? Some people might tell you that  sentence two is wrong, because you should use an  

吃惊吗？一些人也许会告诉您 句子二是错的，因为您要使用

adverb: ‘I’m doing well’. However, in colloquial  speech, it’s common to say ‘I’m doing good.’

一个副词 ：”I’m doing well.”然而，在口语里， 那常见于说“I’m doing good.”

What about the other four? Let’s look.

那其他四个呢？我们来看看。

In sentence one, you should say:  ‘We went deep into the forest.’ 

在句子一，您要说： “We went deep into the forest.”

‘Deep’ and ‘deeply’ are both adverbs,  

“Deep”和“deeply”两个都是副词，

but if you’re talking about a  place, you can only use ‘deep’,  

但是如果您在谈论一个地方， 您仅能使用“deep”，

meaning ‘far into’. ‘Deeply’ describes how you  do something. Here, you’re talking about a place,  

意思是“far into”。“Deeply”描述您怎样做某事。 在这里，您在谈论一个地方，

because you’re saying *where* you went, or, more  specifically, *how far* into the forest you went. 

因为您在说您去了*哪里*，或者，更特指 的是，您进到森林里有*多远*。

In sentence three, you need to say  ‘a *lone* criminal’, not ‘alone’.

在句子三，您需要说 “a *lone* criminal”，不是“alone”。

Some adjectives change form depending  on whether they’re used before  

一些形容词依据它们是在 所描述的名词之前还是之后

or after the noun they describe. ‘Lone’  and ‘alone’ have the same meaning,  

而改变形式。“Lone”  和“alone”有相同的意思，

but you can only use ‘lone’ before  a noun, and ‘alone’ after a noun. 

但是您只能在一个名词前面使用“lone”， 在一个名词之后使用“alone”。

In sentence four, ‘rather’  cannot be used in this way.  

在句子四，“rather” 不能按这种方式使用。

You could say ‘completely wrong’, ‘utterly wrong’  or ‘totally wrong’. There are other possibilities.

您可以说“completely wrong”、“utterly wrong”  或“totally wrong”。有其他的可能性。

‘Rather’ expresses a medium level of something.  

“Rather”表达某事的一个中等等级。

For example, if you say ‘It’s rather  cold’, you mean that it’s ‘medium’ cold.

例如，如果您说“It’s rather  cold”，您意思是那是“medium”冷。

However, ‘wrong’ is *ungradable*. It’s a binary  idea: either something is wrong, or it isn’t.  

然而，“wrong”是*不可分级的*。那是一个 二元想法：某事是错的，或不是。

You can’t have different levels of wrong. 

您不能有错误的不同等级。

Finally, in sentence five, the first problem  is with word order and adverb position.  

最后，在句子五，第一个问题是 单词顺序和副词位置。

The second problem is that there’s a double  negative. ‘Hardly’ means ‘almost not’,  

第二个问题是有双重否定。 “Hardly”意思是“almost not”，

so it includes a logical negative. You can’t  use ‘hardly’ and ‘didn’t’ together. The most  

所以它包括一个逻辑的否定。您不能 同时使用“hardly”和“didn’t”。

likely correct sentence is: ‘Unfortunately,  they hardly prepared for their presentation,  

有可能最正确的句子是：“Unfortunately,  they hardly prepared for their presentation,

and unsurprisingly it was an utter disaster.’ There are other possible positions for the  

and unsurprisingly it was an utter disaster.” 副词有其他可能的位置。

adverbs. For example, ‘unsurprisingly’  could go at the end of the sentence.

例如，“unsurprisingly”  可以置于句末。

How did you do? Using adjectives  and adverbs correctly is complex,  

您做得怎样？正确地使用形容词  和副词是复杂的，

and there are many things you need to think  about to use this language to a high level.

要使用这门语言到一个高的等级， 有很多您需要考虑的事情。

If this lesson was hard for  you, don’t worry! In each level,  

如果本节课对您来说是难的， 不用担心！在每一个等级，

we mention topics which you need to know to  understand the sentences and the exercises.  

我们提到了您需要知道的要 理解句子的主旨，以及练习。

Choose one or two topics, and work on  them. Don’t try to do everything at once!

选择一个或两个主题，并着重于它们。 不要一次试每一样东西！

That’s all. Thanks for watching!

就这样！感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！