Past Simple or Present Perfect?

936,960 views ใƒป 2011-10-22

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:03
Hi, my name is Rebecca and in today's lesson
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
00:06
We're going to talk about a common error made by students when they use two tenses in English
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ใฏใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง 2 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็Šฏใ™ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
These are the past simple and the present perfect
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
00:18
Now in case you're not sure exactly what those are let's review, and then I'm going to point out
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰
00:24
What's the mistake that students often make when they start using these two tenses. All right?
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ใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:31
So let's look at the board
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
00:33
So let's think first about time
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ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใพใšๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:36
We can divide time into two categories
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใƒผใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
00:40
Time which is finished and over and time which is unfinished. What do I mean by that?
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็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใจๆœช็ต‚ไบ†ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:48
Time which is finished is easier to understand. It's things like
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็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ€‚
00:53
yesterday last week, last year
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ๅŽปๅนด
00:57
and so on right. It's over. It's fairly finished
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ใชใฉใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ
00:59
Unfinished time could be for example today
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ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏไพ‹ใˆใฐไปŠๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
01:05
Today is still going on. It's not over this year is
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๅนดใ‚‚็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏ
01:11
Still going on. It's unfinished
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ใพใ ใพใ ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใงใ™
01:14
So what you have to keep in mind is that when we are talking about finished times?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
01:22
we need to use the past simple and
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚ไปฃ
01:26
when we are talking about
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็พๅœจ
01:28
unfinished times
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
01:29
We should use present perfect
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:32
Let's look at an example. So you understand more specifically, okay?
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ใ€‚ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:37
Let's take this sentence. I worked hard
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใŸ
01:41
yesterday
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01:42
That would be fine to say because yes finish time or I could say I worked hard last week
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใฏใ„็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ
01:50
also finished
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ใ‚‚
01:51
I could say I worked hard last month right those are all correct because we're using the past simple and
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ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ๅ…ˆๆœˆใ‚‚ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใใ†ใงใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„
02:00
we're using a finished time with them which would be correct
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจใฎ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
02:05
we can also say if we're talking about
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
02:09
present and present perfect, we could say I have worked hard, right?
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ใ€็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
02:13
I have worked hard. Which is the present simple.
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็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
This week I have worked hard this week
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ไปŠ้€ฑ ไปŠ้€ฑใฏ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸ
02:22
Now I'm using an unfinished time because the week is not over so it's unfinished
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ไปŠใฏใ‚„ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ้€ฑใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ‚„ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ—
02:28
I have worked hard this semester
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ใงใ™ ไปŠๅญฆๆœŸใฏ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Š
02:32
Let's say you're in university, right ?
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ใพใ—ใŸ ๅคงๅญฆใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:35
I have worked hard since
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I have hard working since
02:38
January
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02:39
Since January means from January till now and including now
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January 1 ๆœˆใฏ 1 ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใพใงใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹
02:45
so it's an unfinished time right so we can use this with present perfect or
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ใฎใงใ€ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใชใฎใงใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
I have worked hard since 6:00 a.m.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆๅ‰ 6 ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:55
Since 6 o'clock this morning right and now it's still today, so it's an unfinished time all right
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใพใ ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“
03:03
So this is what you need to keep in mind regarding
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ใงใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
03:06
Time and it's one small way in which you can
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03:10
Know whether to use past simple or the to use present perfect. The most common error is that?
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:18
When students learn the present perfect they sometimes like it a lot and they want to start using it
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ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚
03:25
But then they use it with a time which is finished
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚
03:30
so if we look at the example here of Niagara Falls the
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03:35
correct example would be I visited Niagara Falls on
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ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
Saturday let's say today day is Sunday or Monday so at Saturday in the past. It's over. It's finished
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใŒๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใŸใฏๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚้ŽๅŽปใฎๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ
03:48
So I could say I visited Niagara falls on set for I visited Niagara falls last summer
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ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎๆปใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใง่จชใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ๆ˜จๅนดใฎๅคใซใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎๆปใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
03:55
Right last weekend anything like that
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑๆœซใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
04:00
Or if I want to talk about, Niagara falls here
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎๆปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎๆป
04:03
I could say I have visited Niagara falls many times in my life
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ใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ไปŠใพใงใฎไบบ็”ŸใงใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎๆปใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่จชใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆ
04:09
now presumably
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ใพใ™ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
04:12
My life is unfinished right now. I'm still alive
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็งใฎไบบ็”ŸใฏไปŠๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใพใ ็”Ÿใ
04:15
So we're talking about an unfinished time, so you could say I have visited Niagara falls many times in my life
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ไบบ็”Ÿใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎ
04:24
So that would also be correct what happens is that sometimes students start to say I have visited, Niagara Falls
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ๆปใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
04:32
last Saturday
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฎๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅ
04:34
or I have visited Niagara falls last summer that would be wrong because you're
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ใ‹ใ€ๆ˜จๅนดใฎๅคใซใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฌใƒฉใฎๆปใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:41
mixing present perfect with the finished and that's
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจๅฎŒๆˆๅฝขใ‚’ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›
04:46
The mistake that we want to avoid okay, if you'd like some more practice on this please feel free to visit our website
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ฟใ‘ใŸใ„้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠๆฐ—่ปฝใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
04:54
www.engvid.com
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04:57
you'll see a quiz there, and that will help you to master this little point that might cause you some problems in English
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Okay, all the best with your English bye for now
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Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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