Past Simple or Present Perfect?

936,960 views ใƒป 2011-10-22

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:03
Hi, my name is Rebecca and in today's lesson
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00:06
We're going to talk about a common error made by students when they use two tenses in English
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
These are the past simple and the present perfect
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Now in case you're not sure exactly what those are let's review, and then I'm going to point out
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต์Šต์„ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
What's the mistake that students often make when they start using these two tenses. All right?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
00:31
So let's look at the board
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํŒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:33
So let's think first about time
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:36
We can divide time into two categories
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
00:40
Time which is finished and over and time which is unfinished. What do I mean by that?
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
00:48
Time which is finished is easier to understand. It's things like
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๋๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ฃ , ์–ด์ œ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ, ์ž‘๋…„
00:53
yesterday last week, last year
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๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ ?
00:57
and so on right. It's over. It's fairly finished
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๋๋‚ฌ์–ด, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
00:59
Unfinished time could be for example today
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:05
Today is still going on. It's not over this year is
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Still going on. It's unfinished
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01:14
So what you have to keep in mind is that when we are talking about finished times?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
01:22
we need to use the past simple and
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:26
when we are talking about
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01:28
unfinished times
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01:29
We should use present perfect
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. ์ข€ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
01:32
Let's look at an example. So you understand more specifically, okay?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Let's take this sentence. I worked hard
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž.
์–ด์ œ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค, ์–ด์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹๊ณ ,
01:41
yesterday
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01:42
That would be fine to say because yes finish time or I could say I worked hard last week
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์—๋„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค, ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค.
01:50
also finished
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01:51
I could say I worked hard last month right those are all correct because we're using the past simple and
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณผ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ?
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:00
we're using a finished time with them which would be correct
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
we can also say if we're talking about
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
02:09
present and present perfect, we could say I have worked hard, right?
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?
02:13
I have worked hard. Which is the present simple.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์ธ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
This week I have worked hard this week
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Now I'm using an unfinished time because the week is not over so it's unfinished
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:28
I have worked hard this semester
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๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ•™๊ธฐ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋„ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ž, ๊ทธ์น˜?
02:32
Let's say you're in university, right ?
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02:35
I have worked hard since
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์ €๋Š” 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
January
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02:39
Since January means from January till now and including now
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1์›” ์ดํ›„๋Š” 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:45
so it's an unfinished time right so we can use this with present perfect or
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ  ?
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ „ 6์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
02:51
I have worked hard since 6:00 a.m.
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02:55
Since 6 o'clock this morning right and now it's still today, so it's an unfinished time all right
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ 6์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ์ตธ?
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์•„์ง ์˜ค๋Š˜์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ ?
03:03
So this is what you need to keep in mind regarding
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:06
Time and it's one small way in which you can
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03:10
Know whether to use past simple or the to use present perfect. The most common error is that?
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
03:18
When students learn the present perfect they sometimes like it a lot and they want to start using it
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:25
But then they use it with a time which is finished
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.
03:30
so if we look at the example here of Niagara Falls the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
03:35
correct example would be I visited Niagara Falls on
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ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Saturday let's say today day is Sunday or Monday so at Saturday in the past. It's over. It's finished
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ผ์š”์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์›”์š”์ผ์ด๊ณ  ํ† ์š”์ผ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ณ  ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋๋‚ฌ
03:48
So I could say I visited Niagara falls on set for I visited Niagara falls last summer
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์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
03:55
Right last weekend anything like that
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?
์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง, ๋ญ๋‹ˆ๋ญ๋‹ˆํ•ด๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:00
Or if I want to talk about, Niagara falls here
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04:03
I could say I have visited Niagara falls many times in my life
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๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
now presumably
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:12
My life is unfinished right now. I'm still alive
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04:15
So we're talking about an unfinished time, so you could say I have visited Niagara falls many times in my life
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๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:24
So that would also be correct what happens is that sometimes students start to say I have visited, Niagara Falls
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๊ทธ๋„ ๋งž์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:32
last Saturday
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04:34
or I have visited Niagara falls last summer that would be wrong because you're
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
mixing present perfect with the finished and that's
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
The mistake that we want to avoid okay, if you'd like some more practice on this please feel free to visit our website
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:54
www.engvid.com
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04:57
you'll see a quiz there, and that will help you to master this little point that might cause you some problems in English
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Okay, all the best with your English bye for now
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
05:18
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Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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