8 English Idioms to learn BY heart!

352,865 views ใƒป 2017-12-20

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid and today we have another lesson on idioms.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฏ engVid ใฎ Rebecca ใงใ™ ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:05
"What? Another lesson on idioms?"
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ใ€Œใชใซ๏ผŸ ๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
00:08
Yes, because you can never learn enough idioms.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ๅๅˆ†ใซ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:11
Why? Because they're everywhere. Right?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
00:14
They're at school, they're at work, they're when you go out to parties.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใฆใ€่ทๅ ดใซ ใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
People are using idioms everywhere.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
Also, when you're watching TV, or watching a drama, you're watching sports, you hear
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚„ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹
00:25
them all over the place.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:27
The sooner you learn idioms, the more advanced your English will be, the more comfortable
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ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใŒๆ—ฉใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๆ—ฉใ„ใปใฉใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏไธŠ้”ใ—ใ€
00:34
you'll feel around people because people use them and you understand what they're saying.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฟซ้ฉใซไบบใ€…ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
00:40
Okay? All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:42
So today we're going to focus on eight idioms, not three, eight, eight-okay?-idioms that
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ€Œbyใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ 3ใ€8ใ€8 ใฎใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใฏใชใใ€8 ใคใฎใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™
00:48
all start with the word "by".
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ใ€‚
00:50
All right? So, let's get started. The first one: "by heart". Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:56
Now, first of all, I've written all of the idioms here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:00
These are the meanings, but they are all mixed up, so don't look there. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:05
You need to listen to me, and then we'll check later. All right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅพŒใง็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:07
Let's do it like that.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:08
So, the first one: "by heart".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œๅฟƒใงใ€ใ€‚
01:11
What does it mean to know something or learn something by heart, by heart?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ‹?
01:17
It means from your memory, to know it just like that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
01:24
For example, when you were a child-right?-you learned nursery rhymes probably, little poems
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใ ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็ซฅ่ฌกใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
01:31
that people teach children, and now if I ask you, you probably know them even though you
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใช่ฉฉใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
01:37
might not have said them for years, you know them by heart. Okay?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:41
You know them from memory.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
All right, good.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€‚
01:44
The next one: "by hand".
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œๆ‰‹ใงใ€ใ€‚
01:47
When you say that somebody made something by hand, it literally means by hand, not by
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ‰‹ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€ๆฉŸๆขฐใงใฏใชใๆ‰‹ใงไฝœใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:54
machine, that's the main point, so whether it's embroidery, whether it's making something
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธปใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅˆบ็นใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจ
01:59
out of wood, or making something out of stone, you made it by hand. Okay?
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ใ€ๆœจใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚ˆใ† ใจใ€็Ÿณใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใงไฝœใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:04
It was not made by machine.
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ๆฉŸๆขฐใงไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:06
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:08
The next one, now, here there are two expressions that pretty much mean the same thing, so you
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ่กจ็พใŒ
02:14
might hear someone saying: "by chance" or "by coincidence".
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ŒใŸใพใŸใพใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒใŸใพใŸใพใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:18
And what does that mean?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:20
That means something happened accidentally, without any planning. All right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚‚ใชใใ€ๅถ็„ถใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:25
And you were walking down the street, and by chance you met your old teacher, Rebecca,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€engVid ใฎๆ˜”ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใซๅถ็„ถไผšใ„
02:30
from engVid.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:31
"I remember you."
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"็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚"
02:32
Okay, all right, so that happened by chance or by coincidence. All right?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ๅถ็„ถใ‹ๅถ็„ถใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:39
And the last one here is: "by mistake" or "by accident". All right.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€Œ ่ชคใฃใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒใŸใพใŸใพใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:45
So, have you ever called someone that wasn't the person you meant to call, you were trying
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ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸไบบใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:51
to call?
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ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:52
So then you called that number by mistake or by accident.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏๅถ็„ถใซใใฎ็•ชๅทใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:58
That means you didn't plan to do it, it wasn't on purpose, it was a mistake. All right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:04
So, now let's review them a little bit.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:07
So, if you did something without planning, just happened, then which one of these idioms
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ใงใฏใ€่จˆ็”ปใ›ใšใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใพใŸใพ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ
03:15
describes that?
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
It would be "by chance". Okay?
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ใ€ŒใŸใพใŸใพใ€ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:20
There was no planning involved, it happened by chance or by coincidence.
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่จˆ็”ปใฏใชใ ใ€ๅถ็„ถใพใŸใฏๅถ็„ถใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:24
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:26
The next one, not on purpose. Okay?
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ๆฌกใฏใ‚ใ–ใจใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ–ใจ
03:30
You didn't make that...
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03:33
Dial that wrong number on purpose.
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้–“้•ใฃใŸ็•ชๅทใซใƒ€ใ‚คใƒคใƒซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
03:36
You did it "by mistake" or "by accident" so when someone says: "Hello. Yes?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅถ็„ถใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ใฏใ„๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€‚
03:44
And you say: "Oh, I'm sorry, I called you by mistake."
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:47
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:48
Or: "I called you by accident."
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅถ็„ถใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:49
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:51
The next one, if something is not made by machine, then it is usually made "by hand".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ๆฉŸๆขฐใงไฝœใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€Œๆ‰‹ใ€ใงไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:58
Okay? Good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
04:00
And if you know something from memory, that means you know it "by heart".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‹ใ‚‰ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๆš—่จ˜ใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
All right. Good. Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:08
Let's go on, here.
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่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
04:09
Now: "by the book".
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ไปŠ๏ผšใ€Œๆœฌใงใ€ใ€‚
04:12
What does it mean when someone is the kind of person who goes by the book?
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆœฌใซๅพ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ‹?
04:17
When they say "the book", they're kind of referring to the book of rules, the book of laws.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็จฎ ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใฎๆœฌใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:25
So, a person who goes by the book is a person who follows rules very strictly.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌใซๅพ“ใ†ไบบใฏใ€ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’้žๅธธใซๅŽณๅฏ†ใซๅฎˆใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
All of us know people like this.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใ€…ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
Some people are more relaxed about rules, and some people are very strict about the rules.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅฏ›ๅฎนใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซ้žๅธธใซๅŽณใ—ใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
And those kind of people who are very strict or who are following the rules very strictly
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้žๅธธใซๅŽณๆ ผใชใ€ ใพใŸใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’้žๅธธใซๅŽณๅฏ†ใซๅฎˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’้žๅธธใซๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ้ฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใ€…
04:44
or applying them very strictly are called...
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ใฏๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™...
04:47
We say they are going by the book.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏๆœฌใซๅพ“ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:50
All right? Got it? Good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
04:54
Now, another expression, it's a very commonly used one: "by and large".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆฆ‚ใ—ใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:58
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:59
"By and large, how's the weather today?
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ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ‚€ใญใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๅคฉๆฐ—
05:02
Is it a good day where you are, is it sunny, is it rainy"?
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ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ ๆ™ดใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹ใ€้›จใงใ™ใ‹ใ€?
05:05
"By and large" means on the whole, very generally, in general. Okay?
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ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ‚€ใญใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใ€ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:11
So you can use it to talk about anything at all, you can use it to talk about something
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05:15
personal, something social, talk about the weather, talk about your studies, talk about
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ€็คพไบค็š„ใชใ“ใจใ€ ๅคฉๆฐ—ใฎใ“ใจใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใฎใ“ใจใ€
05:22
politics, the world, anything. Okay?
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปใฎใ“ใจใ€ไธ–็•Œใฎใ“ใจใชใฉใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:25
Next: "by leaps and bounds".
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œ้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซใ€ใ€‚
05:28
"Leaps" is...
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ใ€ŒLeapsใ€ใจใฏโ€ฆ
05:29
"A leap" is like a big jump, and "bounds" is also like a big jump.
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ใ€ŒA jumpsใ€ใฏๅคงใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œboundsใ€ใ‚‚ๅคงใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
So, this expression: "by leaps and bounds" means tremendously, a lot. Okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พ: ใ€Œ้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใจใฆใคใ‚‚ใชใๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:41
If somebody improved by leaps and bounds, they improved a lot.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคงๅน…ใซๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:46
Very, very much. Okay?
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:50
And the last one: "by word of mouth".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฏ ใ€Œๅฃใ‚ณใƒŸใงใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
You might have this expression in your own language, and basically what it means is "by
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ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œ
05:58
word of mouth" means through people talking.
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ๅฃใ‚ณใƒŸใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
Not through advertising, not through marketing. Okay?
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ๅบƒๅ‘Šใงใ‚‚ใชใใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚‚ใชใ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:06
But by people talking.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€‚
06:08
How did you hear about it?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
06:10
By word of mouth, through people telling each other.
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ๅฃ้ ญใงใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€‚
06:14
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:15
So those are the four down here, now let's try to match them up. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:19
So, how do you say that something happened tremendously and quickly, very fast, very
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ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใจใฆใคใ‚‚ใชใ้€Ÿใใ€้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใใ€้žๅธธใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใˆ
06:26
much?
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ใพใ™ใ‹?
06:27
We say: "by leaps and bounds". Good.
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ใ€Œ้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
06:33
How do you describe someone who follows the rules very strictly, follows the letter of
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้žๅธธใซๅŽณๅฏ†ใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Šใ€ๆณ•ใฎๆ–‡่จ€ใซๅพ“ใ†ไบบใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
06:38
the law?
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ใ‹?
06:39
That someone is going "by the book". Okay?
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œๆœฌใงใ€่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:44
If you want to convey the idea of on the whole, in general, then you could also use the expression,
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ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€้žๅธธใซๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚
06:52
very sophisticatedly you could say:
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
"By and large, I find that", okay, and then say whatever you find.
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ใ€Œๆฆ‚ใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:03
You see that I put on a little British accent?
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็งใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่จ›ใ‚Šใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:05
I love our British teachers.
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็งใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
Sometimes when we're trying to sound really sophisticated we put on a British accent,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่จ›ใ‚Šใ‚’
07:10
yes we do. Okay. All right.
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ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:14
I like my Canadian accent, too.
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
All right, now, what about through people telling each other?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ไบบๅŒๅฃซใฎ่จ€ใ„ๅˆใ„ใงใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
07:21
Not through marketing, not through advertising, through people telling each other.
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅบƒๅ‘Šใงใ‚‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:25
What's the expression for that?
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ใใฎ่กจ็พใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:26
"By word of mouth". Okay?
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ใ€Œๅฃ้ ญใงใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:29
So, now basically with all idioms what do you need to do? Okay?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ™ในใฆใฎๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใงใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:34
You can watch this lesson, and you should, and after the lesson you should practice. Okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:39
Go to our website at www.engvid.com, and there you can do a quiz on this. Okay?
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ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:46
And you really should because it's not always enough to learn it once.
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ไธ€ๅบฆๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ ใ‘ใงใฏๅธธใซๅๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
It's good, very good to review it, but let's do a little preview right here before that also.
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ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:55
So, let me ask you: What do you know by heart?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
07:59
Do you know nursery rhymes?
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็ซฅ่ฌกใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅญฆๆ ก
08:03
Do you remember a poem from school?
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ใฎ่ฉฉใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:04
Do you know your prayers by heart?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ็ฅˆใ‚Šใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:06
There are all kinds of things that we know by heart. Okay.
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็งใŸใกใŒๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:11
Have you ever made anything by hand yourself?
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไฝœใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:15
Have you made anything?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ไฝœใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:17
Maybe you embroidered something, maybe you made something out of stone for someone. Okay? All right.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆบ็น ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็Ÿณใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:24
And have you ever met someone famous by chance when you were walking down the street?
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ใพใŸ ใ€่ก—ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆœ‰ๅไบบใซๅถ็„ถไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใš
08:29
Did you ever meet somebody by chance, by accident without planning?
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ใซใŸใพใŸใพ่ชฐใ‹ใซไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
08:34
Think about it.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:36
And here: Did you ever forget someone's birthday by mistake?
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใซ: ้–“้•ใฃใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
08:42
Yeah, usually if you forget someone's birthday it's by mistake. Okay?
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ใˆใˆใ€้€šๅธธใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:48
You're not trying to do it, it happened, but not on purpose. Okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:53
It happened by mistake. All right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชคใฃใฆ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:55
Or you might have wished somebody for their birthday on the wrong day, so then you wished
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ใพใŸใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ‚’้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ—ฅใซ้ก˜ใฃ
08:59
them by mistake. Okay? All right.
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ใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:03
Now, are you the kind of person who goes by the book or are you kind of relaxed about rules?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:10
Do you know someone who goes by the book?
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ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:14
Maybe a boss, maybe a parent, maybe someone else. Okay?
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ไธŠๅธใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€่ฆชใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:19
"By and large, are you a happy person?"
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ใ€Œๆฆ‚ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธใ›ใชไบบใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
09:24
I hope you're saying yes. Okay? All right.
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ใฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:28
And what could you do to improve your English by leaps and bounds?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ‹?
09:34
What could you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:35
Can you think of two or three things you could do to improve your English by leaps and bounds,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ€้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ 2 ใคใ‹ 3 ใคๆ€ใ„ใคใ
09:41
to improve your English tremendously? Okay?
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ใพใ™ ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:44
I'm sure you could think of some things to do.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:47
And, how did you hear about engVid?
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ใพใŸใ€engVid ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
09:51
Did you hear about engVid by word of mouth?
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engVid ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฃใ‚ณใƒŸใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹?
09:53
Did someone tell you about engVid or did you come across it some other way? Okay?
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ใ ใ‚Œใ‹ใŒ engVid ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:59
So: "by word of mouth" -- through people talking and telling each other.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฃ้ ญใงใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:03
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:04
So, these are some ways that you can really make these idioms your own, apply them to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ้ฉ็”จใ—
10:10
yourself, ask yourself, write examples with people that you know. Okay?
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ใ€่‡ชๅ•่‡ช็ญ”ใ—ใ€ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใจไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:16
Because then it becomes more personal and you can remember the idioms more easily. All right?
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:21
And also, please check out my YouTube channel, and if you want to, which would make me very
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ใพใŸใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚‚ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ
10:28
happy, please subscribe so that you can get lots of regular lessons which will help you
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็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธŠ้”ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’
10:32
improve your English much faster.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:34
Thanks very much for watching. Bye for now.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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