10 GREAT Tips to Improve English Writing Skills for non-native English speakers

266,386 views ใƒป 2023-02-22

Learn English with Harry


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi there, this is Harry and welcome back to advanced English lessons with Harry, where
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€Harry ใงใ™ใ€‚Harry ใฎ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
00:04
we try to help you to get a better understanding and how to use English in a better way. Whether
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ—ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆในใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
it's in conversational English, business English, use of phrasal verbs, adjectives, whatever
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ไผš่ฉฑ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ ไฝฟ็”จใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใชใฉใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
00:15
it happens to be, we're here to help you.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™.
00:17
And today we're going to do something a little bit different. Quite a few of you have been
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎไบบใŒใ€
00:21
asking recently about how can you, how can they improve their writing skills. As I always
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใใพใ—ใŸ. ็งใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚
00:29
tell students speaking and writing skills are very, very different. Two very different
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใจใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใฏ้žๅธธ ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ
00:34
skill sets altogether. When you're speaking, it's, of course important to be correct and
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ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใง็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™
00:41
polite. But often when we speak something, it's forgotten about quite quickly. Unfortunately,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใ€ ใ™ใใซๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
00:46
when we write something, it's there on record. Particularly if we're using email, or some
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ˜้Œฒใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นใซ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๅฝขๅผใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
00:51
other form of text, it's there for people to see, and they can read it several times.
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
And therefore mistakes become a little bit more obvious. And we have to be really, really
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
01:01
careful. And we also have to be really careful how we write, so we might be misinterpreted.
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ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆ›ธใๆ–นใซใ‚‚็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€่ชค่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Of course, we can be misinterpreted when we speak. But again, when it's written down,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ่ชค่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:11
it's a little bit more in your line of view, and people can comment and remark on it. So
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™. ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
01:18
there are different skills needed. When we're speaking to people, we're often speaking to
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
01:23
our friends and colleagues and making little mistakes is not really so important as long
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ๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ๅŒๅƒšใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใ€ๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ๅฐใ•ใช ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ“ใจใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:29
as we are fluent. When we're writing, it can be a formal report, it can be a letter for
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆญฃๅผใชใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆŽฅใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:35
a job interview, whatever it happens to be, we really have to be more accurate, we have
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆญฃ็ขบใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใšใ€
01:41
to be accurate with our spelling, punctuation. But we also have to be careful with the sort
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚„ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฎ็จฎ้กžใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:47
of words that we use.
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ใ€‚
01:50
Now, there are lots and lots of platforms available and the apps to to help you. I mean,
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็พๅœจใ€้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใŒ ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
01:55
two of them will be just Google Translate and Grammarly. Lots of you use them. I know
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 2 ใคใฏ Google Translate ใจ Grammarly ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
01:59
that and they can be very useful at times, but be really, really careful. Okay, because
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
02:05
particularly with Google Translate, it will give you a literal translation. And with English,
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็‰นใซGoogle็ฟป่จณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎ็ฟป่จณใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹
02:12
there are so many different words you can use. And if you've been watching and listening
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:16
to my particular lessons over the last wee while, you will begin to understand that there
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ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใ€็งใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€
02:22
are lots of synonyms for different words, but not all of them can be used in substitution.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใซใฏๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไปฃ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
02:28
So you have to be really careful with literal translations because they can look a little
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎ็ฟป่จณใซใฏ็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ€
02:32
bit silly, a little strange, and not what you perhaps intended when you use it. Okay,
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ€ ไฝฟ็”จๆ™‚ใซๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
02:38
with Grammarly. Usually it's correct. But I have noticed because I use it just to check
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Grammarlyใงใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
02:42
in with my students that from time to time, it can actually throw up the wrong answer.
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ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ้–“้•ใฃใŸ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸ.
02:48
There may be little twists and variations that you have and unless you're a native speaker,
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฒใญใ‚Šใ‚„ใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€
02:53
you won't know what they are. So again, just be careful if you use Grammarly. So my recommendation
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ Grammarly ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
02:59
is not to use either of them. To struggle on at the beginning, to... If you make mistakes,
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฏ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆโ€ฆ ้–“้•ใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€
03:04
okay, you make mistakes. But when you get corrected by somebody prep... professional
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€้–“้•ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ไธญใฎใƒ—ใƒญใฎๆ•™ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฟฎๆญฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ
03:11
teacher, well, then you're more likely to remember rather than relying on Grammarly,
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ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ Grammarly ใ‚„ Google ็ฟป่จณใซ้ ผใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:15
or Google translate. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:18
So I've got a 10-point plan here that will improve your writing, it will help you to
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 10 ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:24
improve your writing beyond what you would have expected. It takes time, but a lot of
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ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:30
the students that I help and I have a specific course that I do with them, that after a few
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็งใŒๆ”ฏๆดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ ็งใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:36
weeks and a few exercises that I give them, you'd be surprised really, really surprised
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03:41
how quickly their written skills and the writing they do can improve and quite dramatically.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆ›ธใใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ่กŒใ†ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅŠ‡็š„ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
So number one, start with short and simple sentences. I mean, this sounds really, really
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ใพใšใ€็Ÿญใใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ
03:54
school-type approach, but it really does work. Lots of people come to me and they want to
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ๅญฆๆ ก็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ็งใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ€
03:59
write really complex sentences or when they do send me a sentence, there's no full stop,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใŒใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚
04:05
there's no ending to it, it goes on and on. And the problem with that is if you don't
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ใ€็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆใ‚‚็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€
04:09
have a proper control on those sentences, you lose control of it. You lose the point
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’้ฉๅˆ‡ใซๅˆถๅพกใงใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅˆถๅพกใงใใชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใชใ‚Šใ€
04:15
that you're trying to say and there'd be many, many more grammar mistakes than you had intended.
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ๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคšใใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒŸใ‚นใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:20
So, the very beginning until you get a little bit more professional in your writing, start
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใซๆ›ธใใพใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฏ
04:26
with short and simple sentences or short simple structure, okay. And then you can build up.
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็Ÿญใใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ็Ÿญใๅ˜็ด”ใช ๆง‹้€ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:32
And then when you build up, you will see where you can make improvements and where you can
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ใใ—ใฆ็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใใจใ€ใฉใ“ใ‚’ ๆ”นๅ–„ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‚’
04:37
make it a little bit more complex. But start with short simple and I have this K I S S
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ K I S S ใ‚’
04:45
keep it short and simple. Keep it short and simple K I S S A general rule of thumb that
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็Ÿญใใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซไฟใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿญใใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ K I S S ็งใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใงใ™
04:53
I use. If you want to state some facts, give some facts then use short sentences. You know,
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:59
if you're giving data, use short sentences. If you want to describe something like the
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ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:04
cow in the filed or the dog in the park, you can use longer sentences because you're going
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้‡ŽๅŽŸใซใ„ใ‚‹็‰›ใ‚„ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซใ„ใ‚‹็Šฌใชใฉใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
05:09
to use a lot more adjectives to describe what you see. The long green shoots of new spring
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ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ˜ฅใฎ่‰ใฎ้•ทใ„็ท‘ใฎ่Šฝ
05:16
grass, okay. Or the short-legged barking dog, you know. Whatever it might be, you're going
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ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€่ถณใฎ็Ÿญใ„ใปใˆใ‚‹็Šฌใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
05:23
to use a lot more descriptive words. And therefore with those type of descriptions, you can afford
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ๅคšใใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Ž็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใฏใ€
05:30
to use longer sentences. But when you're using facts, the population of the country is 1.5
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅ›ฝใฎไบบๅฃใฏ 150
05:37
million. Full stop. There are 50% of the population employed, and 30% of the population under
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ไธ‡ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จๅœๆญขใ€‚ ไบบๅฃใฎ 50% ใŒ ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไบบๅฃใฎ 30% ใŒ
05:46
the age of 18. Full stop. Short, simple sentences. Facts.
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18 ๆญณๆœชๆบ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿญใ„ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚
05:51
Okay, moving on to point number two. Focus on getting your sentences correct. And brush
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ 2 ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
05:58
up on your grammar. So really, really important at a very early stage to eliminate grammar
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใชใใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€้žๅธธใซๆ—ฉใ„ๆฎต้šŽใง้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
06:05
mistakes. If you eliminate the grammar mistakes, then you can move on start building those
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ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใชใใ›ใฐใ€ๅ…ˆใซ
06:10
complex sentences that we spoke about, you can start adding adjectives. But if you've
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่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใฎไฝœๆˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
06:15
got a lot of grammar mistakes, like the wrong preposition, not using the articles or using
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅ† ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’
06:21
the wrong tense, then, you know, no matter how far you go, your English written English
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้–“้•ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใฉใ“ใพใง่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไฝœๆ–‡ใฏ
06:27
will always be poor. So we want to eliminate those mistakes at a very early stage. So focus
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ๅธธใซ่ฒงๅผฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ—ฉใ„ๆฎต้šŽใงๆŽ’้™คใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
06:32
on getting the correct grammar in all of your sentences. Make sure if you're going to use
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใงๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
06:38
the present perfect, that is the right tense to use. If you're using the present continuous
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
06:43
if the right tense to use. And as I said, before you get away with it when you're speaking,
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ใฏใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
06:50
your won't get away with it when you're writing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“.
06:52
Number three, read as much and as often as you can. Apart from enjoyment, you will see
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็ฌฌไธ‰ใซใ€ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š้ ป็นใซ่ชญใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใจใฏๅˆฅใซใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€
06:59
and understand the structure of sentences, you'll see and understand the difference between
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07:05
a sentence in the written format and a sentence in the spoken format. Okay, you'll get to
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ๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ–‡ใจ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
07:11
understand how people vary, how you begin a sentence to change the way it's written
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
07:17
to make it more enjoyable for the reader, to make it more interesting to write and to
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่ชญใฟๆ‰‹ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฅฝใ—ใใ€ ๆ›ธใใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใใ—ใ€
07:21
avoid repetition. So read as much and as often as you can. Of course books in English, if
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šไฝ•ๅบฆใงใ‚‚่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœฌใ‚’
07:29
you're writing in English, so to see how authors do it. But don't... don't read classic books
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ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่‘—่€…ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคๅ…ธ็š„ใชๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ชญใพใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
07:36
so much. I mean, they're really beautiful books by Charles Dickens, or Bronte or whoever
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใƒปใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ฑใƒณใ‚บใ‚„ใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒ†ใชใฉใ€
07:42
it might be that you've got an interest in, by all means read them. But remember that
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใชใ‚‰่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ใœใฒ่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
07:47
you're writing now in the 21st century, so the books you should be reading, if you want
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ 21 ไธ–็ด€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
07:52
to improve on your written skills, should be those books that were also written in the
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ชญใ‚€ในใ ๆœฌใฏ
07:57
20th and 21st centuries, because, you know, it's really show you modern English, modern
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20 ไธ–็ด€ใจ 21 ไธ–็ด€ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸๆœฌใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซ็พไปฃ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€็พไปฃ
08:02
conversational English, how we use reported speech and other aspects and it's really,
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ไผš่ฉฑ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๅด้ขใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:07
really important to, to read, to look at and to learn, okay.
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ใ€‚
08:11
What you can also do point number four is to keep a diary. Okay? Now, the diary is really
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4็•ช็›ฎใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไปŠใ€ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
08:17
important. And this will help you to write short stories in English. So if you keep a
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้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใง็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
08:23
diary, you get used to writing. So it might be a diary, just a few sentences about what
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ใ€ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
08:29
you do every day. Or it might be a diary about what you see every day. But it's a great way
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใปใ‚“ใฎๆ•ฐ่กŒใฎๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:35
to practice. Now, it might be handwritten diary or... but of course, you can use modern
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใฏๆ‰‹ๆ›ธใใฎ ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—โ€ฆ ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
08:41
technology, and you can record it as a Word documents and makes life a little bit easier.
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Word ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใจใ—ใฆ่จ˜้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ— ใ€็”ŸๆดปใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฅฝใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
But it's just something that you can refer back to. And something you can use when you
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซ้ŽใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
08:50
want to write short stories. So you should always try and keep a notepad handy when you're
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็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใใฏใ€ๅธธใซใƒกใƒขๅธณใ‚’ๆ‰‹ๅ…ƒใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใŠใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
08:56
reading a book or you're looking at the Internet. Because you might want to write down or to
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ใ€‚ ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ๆœฌใฎ
09:02
capture really interesting sentences in the book that you hadn't heard of. Or a group
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ไธญใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒใƒฃใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€่‘—่€…ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
09:06
of words or collocation that you've seen that the author has used that might be quite interesting
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—
09:12
for you. So you can record that, write it down, and you can use it later on. Okay, and
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. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ ใฆใ€ๅพŒใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
this is called sentence mining. Okay, so to sentence mining is to find interesting collocations,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚น ใƒžใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚น ใƒžใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจใฏใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ€
09:26
find interesting groups of words, find interesting combinations and sentences that you could
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅพŒใงๆœ‰ๅˆฉใซไฝฟ็”จ ใงใใ‚‹่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚„ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
09:33
use to your advantage later on. We'll say, sentence mining. Keep that in your diary and
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใƒžใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ€
09:38
keep a notepad where you can keep a record.
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่จ˜้Œฒใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒกใƒขๅธณใ‚’ไฟ็ฎกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:43
Number five, avoid translating from your native or mother tongue into English. This always
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็ฌฌ 5 ใซใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชž ใพใŸใฏๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ
09:51
causes problems. What it causes is a hesitation. It also causes you to use incorrect words
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใฎใฏใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅŽŸๅ› ใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใพใ™
10:00
And then you stop and you start and you get no fluency. So try to think in English, okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—
10:06
It might take you a little bit longer again, often, when we're doing written exercises
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ญ†่จ˜ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ˆใ
10:11
with my students, I ask them, How long did it take you to write that? And, you know,
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ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใซใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€
10:16
if I've given them a short story to write or an essay of a couple of 100 words, it shouldn't
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็งใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌ ใ‚„ 100 ่ชž็จ‹ๅบฆใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:22
really take more than 25 to 30 minutes, but often, it will take the early learners 40-45-50
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 25 ๏ฝž 30 ๅˆ†ไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใฏ 40 ๏ฝž 45๏ฝž50
10:29
minutes, 60 minutes, that's okay. Don't worry about the time it takes at the beginning,
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ๅˆ†ใ€60ๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:34
it's much more important to get it accurate, okay. But the more you practice to think in
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉ
10:41
English, then the less time you will take to write it. So you'll start thinking and
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ็Ÿญใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:46
using the words. You'll start thinking and using the collocations. You'll start thinking
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚
10:50
and putting the correct structure on your sentences. So try to avoid thinking in your
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ฝฎใๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ . ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:56
native tongue. Try to think in English writing English, speaking English, thinking English.
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ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Š ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:03
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:04
Number six. Now, here's an important point when you're writing, particularly from a business
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6็•ชใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏ ใ€็‰นใซใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ
11:09
perspective, if you're writing a proposal, or if you're writing a memo, or you're writing
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่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆๆกˆๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
11:15
a position paper, whatever it happens to be, be aware of the audience who's going to read
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ใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ด่ก†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
11:20
it. When I was a bit younger, and I was writing, I was always have in mind that I'd expect
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ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่‹ฅใ‹ใฃใŸ้ ƒใ€ๅŸท็ญ†ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใใฏใ€
11:27
the most senior person in my office, my boss or his boss, to read. And they may not, of
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅนด้•ทใฎไบบ็‰ฉใ€ไธŠๅธ ใพใŸใฏใใฎไธŠๅธใซ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅธธใซๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:33
course, but I always imagined that they would be reading it. And therefore I'd want to write
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ใŒใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
11:38
the best I could possibly write, not just to scribble down something, not just to throw
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ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
11:43
a few words together, but to write something as clearly and as specific as I could be.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š ๆ˜Ž็ขบใ‹ใคๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
Okay, so I would focus on the grammar, I would focus on making sure that I had the correct
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใ€
11:55
structure in my sentence, I would focus on avoiding repetition, because... and, and also
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰...ใใ—ใฆ
12:01
punctuation, my old boss really, really really didn't like bad punctuation. So to make sure
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ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใ‚‚ใ€็งใฎๅคใ„ไธŠๅธใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๆ‚ชใ„ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
12:08
that you focus on those things, to expect that the person, the most important person
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชไบบ็‰ฉใŒ
12:13
that's in your office, you expect them to read it. And that will help you to focus and
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ€
12:18
produce better written papers, better written documents, better written emails, okay.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™.
12:24
Number seven, this is important, particularly in writing, we have to be really, really careful
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7 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚็‰นใซ ๆ›ธ้ขใงใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€้žๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:29
about the language that we use. Now, I don't mean here about good and bad language and
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใง่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ๆ‚ชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ใฎใฎใ—ใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:35
swear words, of course. You shouldn't use them, particularly in a written format. But
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ใ€‚ ็‰นใซๆ›ธ้ขๅฝขๅผใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
12:39
the register, okay. Whether we're talking about formal or informal, really, really important,
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ใƒฌใ‚ธใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚‚ ้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
12:45
okay. If we're writing a business proposal, a business paper, we should always write it
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ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆๆกˆๆ›ธใ‚„ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅธธใซ
12:51
in a formal way. If we're replying to a client, unless the client has asked us to be informal,
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ๆญฃๅผใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ็งใŸใกใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€
12:57
then we should be more formal than informal. If we're writing emails to a colleague and
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้žๅ…ฌๅผใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™. ๅŒๅƒšใ‚„ๆฌกใฎ้šŽใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
13:03
the next floor, well, then, of course, we can be informal in that way, we don't have
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใซๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
to write everything so formal. So be aware and focused on the level or lack of formality,
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใใ‚Œใปใฉๆญฃๅผใซๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ›ธ้ขใ€้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ€ๆ‰‹็ด™ใชใฉใ€ ๅฝขๅผใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๅฝขๅผใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใพใŸใฏๆฌ ๅฆ‚ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:17
in your written papers, in your written emails, in your written letters, whatever it might
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13:23
be, just be really, really conscious of that. Be conscious of how you address somebody,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
13:28
you know, if it's somebody you don't know, and you don't know the name, "Dear Sir." If
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„่ชฐใ‹ใงใ€ ๅๅ‰ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒDear Sirใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:34
it's somebody that you're... If you're writing a letter of complaint, then it's going to
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใชใ‚‰โ€ฆ ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
13:39
be "Yours faithfully" at the end. Not, you know, not best wishes or anything like that.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ช ๅฎŸใ•ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ” ๅคšๅนธใ‚’ใŠ็ฅˆใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:45
So really be conscious of who you're writing to, be conscious of why you're writing to
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ ใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
13:52
them, and be conscious of whether it's going to be formal, or informal, and get that right
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ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹้žๅ…ฌๅผใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใง
13:57
and correct structure.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:58
When we're talking about structure, point number eight, is to make sure that you do
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ๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ 8 ใฏใ€
14:04
actually have a structure in mind. You know, often when people start to write, they just
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๆ›ธใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:09
start writing. And they have no idea who they're going to write to, why they're writing to
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ๆ›ธใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใ‹ ใ€ใชใœๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใ‹
14:15
them, and more importantly, how they're going to structure it. So have a think about it
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ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
14:19
before you write before you put pen to paper foot before you type anything, think about
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ใƒšใƒณใ‚’็ด™ใฎๅฐใซ็ฝฎใๅ‰ใซ ใ€ๆ›ธใๅ‰ใซใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:25
the reasons why you're writing this email, is it a letter of complaints? So what should
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ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใงใ™ใ‹? ใงใฏ
14:32
be the the sense of it, okay, that the temperature of your of your letter, or you're writing
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ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใฎๆธฉๅบฆใ€ใพใŸใฏ
14:37
a letter to congratulate somebody, so how should you write that? If you're writing an
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็ฅ็ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
14:43
invitation, how should you write that? Okay, so, really think about it. And then when you're
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ๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ‘ใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆœฌๆฐ—ใง่€ƒใˆใ‚ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
14:48
thinking about that, what should be the tone? Is it formal or informal? Is it pleasant?
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใƒˆใƒผใƒณใฏใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ…ฌๅผใ‹้žๅ…ฌๅผใ‹๏ผŸ ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:55
Is it complaining? Are you going to be really strong or they're going to be soft words,
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
15:01
how are you going to write that. So when you get that in your mind, then you can start
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ ญใซๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ›ธใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
15:05
writing. And you'll find that there'll be a much better flow of words, because you will
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆตใ‚ŒใŒใšใฃใจ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
15:09
have given it some thought. So, have in mind that you're going to have an introduction.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
15:15
For example, if we're going to write a letter of complaint, we want to tell the person at
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใใฎไบบใซไผใˆใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
15:19
the very beginning, why we are writing to them, we are writing to you to complain about
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ใ€ใชใœ็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
15:25
something, okay? Then tell them what you're complaining about. Tell them why you're complaining,
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ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใชใœไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€
15:31
it didn't work, when you bought it, you took it back to the shop, they wouldn't replace
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใจใใซ ๅบ—ใซๆŒใกๅธฐใฃใŸใ€ไบคๆ›ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
15:35
it, etc, etc. So set out particularly and specifically what your complaints are. And
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ใชใฉใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
15:43
then when you come to the end, tell them specifically what you want to happen, I want this product
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฅใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
15:48
to be replaced, I want it to be replaced, immediately, I want my money back, I want
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15:53
whatever you want, you have to set it out and tell them okay, and then you sign it,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใซ็ฝฒๅใ—ใ€
15:59
and you may give them instruction, I would expect to get a reply within two days, within
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. 2ๆ—ฅไปฅๅ†…ใ€
16:04
three days, by next week. Tell them exactly when you expect to get a response. So when
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3ๆ—ฅไปฅๅ†…ใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใพใงใซ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใ„ใค่ฟ”ไบ‹ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
16:09
you have that in your mind, and you can picture it in your mind, it's much easier for you
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้ ญใฎไธญใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ ญใฎไธญใงๆ€ใ„ๆใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
16:14
to set it out on paper because you can see it. Okay, so don't go into something blindly.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ด™ใซๆใใฎใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ . ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚„ใฟใใ‚‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:19
Think about it. Think about the words, think about the tone, think about the the tense,
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ€ ๅฃ่ชฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆ
16:25
and then committed to paper, okay, and then you're in a much better shape.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ด™ใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่‰ฏใ„ๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
16:31
Now, when you've written something like that, particularly if it's a letter of complaint,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใจใใ€ ็‰นใซใใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
16:35
what I would suggest is that you write it, and then you walk away from it for 30 minutes,
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็งใŒๆๆกˆใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ 30ๅˆ†้–“ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ€
16:43
go back to it and read it and see, are you happy with the way you've written it because
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ใใ‚Œใซๆˆปใฃใฆ่ชญใ‚“ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใซๆ›ธใใ™ใŽใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—
16:47
you might have written it much too formal, or you might have written it in a much more
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฃ่ชฟใงๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€
16:53
hurtful tone they intended, or you might it might be too harsh, okay, so what you don't
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:59
want us to write something, press the button and send it without checking it because there
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใปใ—ใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ›ใšใซ้€ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
17:04
are bound to be mistakes. And particularly if it's not your native language, okay, so
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ใ€‚ ็‰นใซ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆ่ชญใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซ
17:09
you should really give yourself a little bit of time to check it, to read it. And then
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
17:14
to send it particularly if you're talking about job offers, if you're writing a covering
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็‰นใซๆฑ‚ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€
17:19
letter for a job interview, or a covering letter for a position or a place and university,
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ๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆŽฅใฎใ‚ซใƒใƒผใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใฎใ‚ซใƒใƒผใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
17:26
don't please don't write it and expect that they will be happy. If it's full of mistakes,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ ใ‚‰ใ‘ใชใ‚‰ใ€
17:30
I wouldn't if I got it. And I doubt that the university will be happy because, you know,
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅคงๅญฆใŒ
17:35
they're going to assess you on your English ability and if your written letter gone into
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅคงๅญฆใŒๅ–œใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
17:40
them is badly written, but it's not going to reflect so well on you. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:45
Now, point number nine then is to perhaps take an English class. If you need one to
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9 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:52
work on some of these points that I've mentioned. Indeed, you could do with a second pair of
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็งใŒ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‚นใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซ1ใคใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ
17:57
eyes to look at your written work, somebody that can help you somebody can set you assignments.
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็›ฎใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ›ธใ„ใŸไฝœๅ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
18:02
What I do with the students I have I start them off, as I said, with some simple English,
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็งใŒ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€
18:07
I get them to write sentences that will enable me to identify and point out mistakes, and
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็งใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใฆๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:13
then I'm able to structure how the future written lessons should go. Okay, so then when
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ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ่กŒใในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
18:20
I've gone on from this simple examples, I might give them just four words. For example,
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ใ“ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใจใ€ 4 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ—ใ‹ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
18:25
there was a bird sitting on the wall. Then I ask them just to write a little story around
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้ณฅใŒๅฃใซใจใพใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ 80 ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ 100 ่ชž็จ‹ๅบฆใฎ ็Ÿญใ„็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
18:30
that 80 words - 100 words. And you'd be surprised the mistakes people make, you'd be surprised
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใซ้ฉšใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚้ณฅใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’
18:35
how they lack adjectives describe what the bird looked like. But then we can build up
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้ฉšใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€
18:41
so we correct the first six or seven sentences increase or improve the adjectives we use.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 6 ๏ฝž 7 ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:47
And then after several attempts, we have a really good descriptive passage or short story
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‹่ฉฆใฟใŸๅพŒใ€ๅฃใซใจใพใ‚‹้ณฅใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ่ชฌๆ˜Žๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
18:53
to describe the birds sitting on the wall. Or the man standing beside the lamppost outside
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏๅฎถใฎๅค–ใฎ่ก—็ฏๆŸฑใฎใใฐใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”ท
18:59
the house. Yeah, so just simple situations, but enables you to write in a professional
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ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใŒใ€
19:05
way, after a while, in a structured way. After a while you've avoided repetition. This is
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ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆง‹้€ ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
19:10
the really, really key problem with writing is how much repetition there is. And the reason
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ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใชๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆ
19:16
why there is a need for repetition is the fact that the vocabulary is limited. If you
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:22
don't have more adjectives, or more verbs or nouns, well, of course, there's going to
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚„ๅ‹•่ฉž ใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒๅข—ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
19:27
be repetition and it's not your fault. It just, you need a teacher, that's going to
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ›ใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ€
19:31
help you. Not to use change, change, change, think think think persuade, persuade, persuade,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€ๆ€่€ƒใ€ๆ€่€ƒใ€่ชฌๅพ—ใ€่ชฌๅพ—ใ€่ชฌๅพ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
19:36
you have to use other words to change, to alter, to amend, to adjust, to think, to contemplate,
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€ไฟฎๆญฃใ€่ชฟๆ•ดใ€ๆ€่€ƒใ€็†Ÿ่€ƒใ€
19:44
to mull over. You need other words, other expressions that will help you to write in
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็†Ÿ่€ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€
19:49
a much better clear and informed way. So that's number nine. Take an English class with a
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใงๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง 9ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ‰ๅใชๆ•™ๅธซใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ—
19:55
recognised teacher and have another person review that work. Particularly, if it's a
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎไบบใซ ใใฎไฝœๅ“ใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
20:01
job application, if it's an application for a university course these are really the critical
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ๅฐฑ่ทๆดปๅ‹•ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅคงๅญฆใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใฎๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚ŠไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใŸใ„้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๆ™‚ๆœŸใงใ™
20:07
times when you want your written English to be as good as it possibly can.
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ใ€‚
20:12
And the final point, feel free in the lessons to make mistakes. If you don't make mistakes,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ้ ๆ…ฎใชใ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
20:18
you don't make anything, I absolutely guarantee. Everybody who started off certainly with me
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใ€็งใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ขบใ‹ใซ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ
20:24
in their in their written English, I allow them the flexibility to just write and write
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆๅง‹ใ‚ใŸไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚„้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ›ใšใซใ€ ใŸใ ๆ›ธใ„ใฆๆ›ธใใ ใ‘ใฎๆŸ”่ปŸๆ€งใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไธŽใˆใพใ™
20:29
don't worry about mistakes, mistakes and be corrected. The problem is if you don't have
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ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€
20:34
any thoughts, any ideas to start with all the issues about repetition, all the issues
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ•้กŒใ€
20:39
about unknown words, all the issues, but wrong prepositions, don't worry about it, put them
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ๆœช็Ÿฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ•้กŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ•้กŒใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—้–“้•ใฃใŸ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹่€ƒใˆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:44
down, see how you feel. And then the teacher will help you to improve that, how to squeeze
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™
20:50
out those little mistakes that you make. And you'll you'll begin to enjoy your writing,
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟๅง‹ใ‚ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
20:55
you'll begin to see for yourself, where you have repetition, you'll begin to self correct.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ฆ‹ๅง‹ใ‚ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฟฎๆญฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:59
And those are the really key critical steps that you'll have to take when you want to
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใช้‡่ฆใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™
21:04
improve your writing.
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.
21:05
Okay, so that's my 10-point plan how you can improve your basic writing skills. They're
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ใงใฏใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 10 ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใฏ
21:13
not and it isn't rocket science, a lot of it is common sense, but unless you know it,
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ใชใใ€ใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆ็ง‘ๅญฆใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใฎๅคšใใฏ ๅธธ่ญ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
21:19
you can't do it. Okay, so you have to apply it. So have a look at the 10 points that I've
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่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็งใŒไฝœใฃใŸ10ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
21:24
made. If you need any help, if you want any suggestions, please come back to me. Really,
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ใ€‚ ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆๆกˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€็งใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:28
really important, as I said, is to read as much as you can. It's great to read. They
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™ . ่ชญใ‚€ใฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:33
don't have to be huge books, but just to read on a frequent and regular basis, it will really
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ๅทจๅคงใชๆœฌใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ้ ป็นใ‹ใคๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ชญใ‚€ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
21:39
help you. Okay.
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
21:40
So I hope that this particular lesson, and my 10-point plan will help you. I look forward
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใจ ็งใฎ 10 ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:45
to reading your good English in the future. If you need anything else, please ask me you
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ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๆ‰‹ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
21:50
can contact me on www.englishlessonviaskype. Very happy to help you and very happy to hear
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www.englishlessonviaskype ใ‹ใ‚‰้€ฃ็ตกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใใ€ใพใŸใ€ใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
21:57
from you. And as always, join me for the next lesson.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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