10 GREAT Tips to Improve English Writing Skills for non-native English speakers

266,386 views ใƒป 2023-02-22

Learn English with Harry


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi there, this is Harry and welcome back to advanced English lessons with Harry, where
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Harry์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Harry์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
00:04
we try to help you to get a better understanding and how to use English in a better way. Whether
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
it's in conversational English, business English, use of phrasal verbs, adjectives, whatever
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์˜์–ด ํšŒํ™”, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์˜์–ด, ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
00:15
it happens to be, we're here to help you.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
And today we're going to do something a little bit different. Quite a few of you have been
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
00:21
asking recently about how can you, how can they improve their writing skills. As I always
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
00:29
tell students speaking and writing skills are very, very different. Two very different
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
00:34
skill sets altogether. When you're speaking, it's, of course important to be correct and
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ธํŠธ. ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:41
polite. But often when we speak something, it's forgotten about quite quickly. Unfortunately,
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์˜ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žŠํ˜€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
00:46
when we write something, it's there on record. Particularly if we're using email, or some
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด๋‚˜
00:51
other form of text, it's there for people to see, and they can read it several times.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And therefore mistakes become a little bit more obvious. And we have to be really, really
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง
01:01
careful. And we also have to be really careful how we write, so we might be misinterpreted.
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์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ •๋ง ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Of course, we can be misinterpreted when we speak. But again, when it's written down,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋  ๋•Œ,
01:11
it's a little bit more in your line of view, and people can comment and remark on it. So
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:18
there are different skills needed. When we're speaking to people, we're often speaking to
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
01:23
our friends and colleagues and making little mistakes is not really so important as long
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:29
as we are fluent. When we're writing, it can be a formal report, it can be a letter for
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
a job interview, whatever it happens to be, we really have to be more accurate, we have
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:41
to be accurate with our spelling, punctuation. But we also have to be careful with the sort
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์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
01:47
of words that we use.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์—๋„ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Now, there are lots and lots of platforms available and the apps to to help you. I mean,
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฑ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€,
01:55
two of them will be just Google Translate and Grammarly. Lots of you use them. I know
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” Google Translate ์™€ Grammarly์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:59
that and they can be very useful at times, but be really, really careful. Okay, because
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
particularly with Google Translate, it will give you a literal translation. And with English,
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ํŠนํžˆ Google ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• 
02:12
there are so many different words you can use. And if you've been watching and listening
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:16
to my particular lessons over the last wee while, you will begin to understand that there
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์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:22
are lots of synonyms for different words, but not all of them can be used in substitution.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
So you have to be really careful with literal translations because they can look a little
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„๊ณ  ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜
02:32
bit silly, a little strange, and not what you perhaps intended when you use it. Okay,
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
02:38
with Grammarly. Usually it's correct. But I have noticed because I use it just to check
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Grammarly์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”. ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:42
in with my students that from time to time, it can actually throw up the wrong answer.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์„ ๋˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
There may be little twists and variations that you have and unless you're a native speaker,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์™œ๊ณก๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:53
you won't know what they are. So again, just be careful if you use Grammarly. So my recommendation
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Grammarly๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
02:59
is not to use either of them. To struggle on at the beginning, to... If you make mistakes,
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ณ ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค, ~ํ•˜๋‹ค... ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:04
okay, you make mistakes. But when you get corrected by somebody prep... professional
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด
03:11
teacher, well, then you're more likely to remember rather than relying on Grammarly,
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Grammarly๋‚˜ Google ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
or Google translate. Okay.
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
03:18
So I've got a 10-point plan here that will improve your writing, it will help you to
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ
03:24
improve your writing beyond what you would have expected. It takes time, but a lot of
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์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:30
the students that I help and I have a specific course that I do with them, that after a few
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡
03:36
weeks and a few exercises that I give them, you'd be surprised really, really surprised
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์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ํ›„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
03:41
how quickly their written skills and the writing they do can improve and quite dramatically.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
So number one, start with short and simple sentences. I mean, this sounds really, really
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์ •๋ง
03:54
school-type approach, but it really does work. Lots of people come to me and they want to
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ํ•™๊ต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ
03:59
write really complex sentences or when they do send me a sentence, there's no full stop,
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์ •๋ง ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
04:05
there's no ending to it, it goes on and on. And the problem with that is if you don't
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๋๋„ ์—†์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
04:09
have a proper control on those sentences, you lose control of it. You lose the point
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์š”์ ์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ
04:15
that you're trying to say and there'd be many, many more grammar mistakes than you had intended.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So, the very beginning until you get a little bit more professional in your writing, start
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธ€์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
04:26
with short and simple sentences or short simple structure, okay. And then you can build up.
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์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์Œ“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
And then when you build up, you will see where you can make improvements and where you can
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ
04:37
make it a little bit more complex. But start with short simple and I have this K I S S
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด K I S S๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:45
keep it short and simple. Keep it short and simple K I S S A general rule of thumb that
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์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ K I S S ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:53
I use. If you want to state some facts, give some facts then use short sentences. You know,
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. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง„์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:59
if you're giving data, use short sentences. If you want to describe something like the
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:04
cow in the filed or the dog in the park, you can use longer sentences because you're going
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๋“คํŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:09
to use a lot more adjectives to describe what you see. The long green shoots of new spring
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. ์ƒˆ ๋ด„ ํ’€์˜ ๊ธด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์‹น
05:16
grass, okay. Or the short-legged barking dog, you know. Whatever it might be, you're going
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, ์ข‹์•„. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง์€ ๊ฐœ ์ง–๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:23
to use a lot more descriptive words. And therefore with those type of descriptions, you can afford
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ค๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
05:30
to use longer sentences. But when you're using facts, the population of the country is 1.5
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๋” ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒฉํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 150
05:37
million. Full stop. There are 50% of the population employed, and 30% of the population under
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๋งŒ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ. ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 50%๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 30%๊ฐ€
05:46
the age of 18. Full stop. Short, simple sentences. Facts.
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18์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ. ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ. ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ.
05:51
Okay, moving on to point number two. Focus on getting your sentences correct. And brush
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์ž, 2๋ฒˆ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:58
up on your grammar. So really, really important at a very early stage to eliminate grammar
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ฆ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:05
mistakes. If you eliminate the grammar mistakes, then you can move on start building those
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. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด
06:10
complex sentences that we spoke about, you can start adding adjectives. But if you've
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:15
got a lot of grammar mistakes, like the wrong preposition, not using the articles or using
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:21
the wrong tense, then, you know, no matter how far you go, your English written English
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋”๋ผ๋„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ์˜์–ด๋Š”
06:27
will always be poor. So we want to eliminate those mistakes at a very early stage. So focus
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:32
on getting the correct grammar in all of your sentences. Make sure if you're going to use
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
06:38
the present perfect, that is the right tense to use. If you're using the present continuous
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
06:43
if the right tense to use. And as I said, before you get away with it when you're speaking,
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
06:50
your won't get away with it when you're writing.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Number three, read as much and as often as you can. Apart from enjoyment, you will see
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์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์ด, ์ž์ฃผ ์ฝ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ
06:59
and understand the structure of sentences, you'll see and understand the difference between
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด
07:05
a sentence in the written format and a sentence in the spoken format. Okay, you'll get to
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ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์–ด ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
07:11
understand how people vary, how you begin a sentence to change the way it's written
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
to make it more enjoyable for the reader, to make it more interesting to write and to
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๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
avoid repetition. So read as much and as often as you can. Of course books in English, if
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ ์ฝ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ฑ…, ๋งŒ์•ฝ
07:29
you're writing in English, so to see how authors do it. But don't... don't read classic books
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ... ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…์„
07:36
so much. I mean, they're really beautiful books by Charles Dickens, or Bronte or whoever
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ Charles Dickens๋‚˜ Bronte ๋˜๋Š”
07:42
it might be that you've got an interest in, by all means read them. But remember that
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์“ด ์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด๋‹ˆ ๊ผญ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:47
you're writing now in the 21st century, so the books you should be reading, if you want
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์€
07:52
to improve on your written skills, should be those books that were also written in the
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ญ์‹œ
07:57
20th and 21st centuries, because, you know, it's really show you modern English, modern
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์™€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ฑ…์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด, ํ˜„๋Œ€
08:02
conversational English, how we use reported speech and other aspects and it's really,
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ํšŒํ™” ์˜์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
really important to, to read, to look at and to learn, okay.
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์ฝ๊ณ , ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
What you can also do point number four is to keep a diary. Okay? Now, the diary is really
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง
08:17
important. And this will help you to write short stories in English. So if you keep a
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์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:23
diary, you get used to writing. So it might be a diary, just a few sentences about what
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์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:29
you do every day. Or it might be a diary about what you see every day. But it's a great way
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. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋งค์ผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
08:35
to practice. Now, it might be handwritten diary or... but of course, you can use modern
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ์ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ... ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:41
technology, and you can record it as a Word documents and makes life a little bit easier.
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Word ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ถ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
But it's just something that you can refer back to. And something you can use when you
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
08:50
want to write short stories. So you should always try and keep a notepad handy when you're
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:56
reading a book or you're looking at the Internet. Because you might want to write down or to
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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ๋‘๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ…
09:02
capture really interesting sentences in the book that you hadn't heard of. Or a group
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์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์บก์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
09:06
of words or collocation that you've seen that the author has used that might be quite interesting
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๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:12
for you. So you can record that, write it down, and you can use it later on. Okay, and
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…น์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์–ด๋‘๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
09:18
this is called sentence mining. Okay, so to sentence mining is to find interesting collocations,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ,
09:26
find interesting groups of words, find interesting combinations and sentences that you could
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:33
use to your advantage later on. We'll say, sentence mining. Keep that in your diary and
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:38
keep a notepad where you can keep a record.
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๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:43
Number five, avoid translating from your native or mother tongue into English. This always
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๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
09:51
causes problems. What it causes is a hesitation. It also causes you to use incorrect words
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์„ค์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
And then you stop and you start and you get no fluency. So try to think in English, okay.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด
10:06
It might take you a little bit longer again, often, when we're doing written exercises
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ข… ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
10:11
with my students, I ask them, How long did it take you to write that? And, you know,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:16
if I've given them a short story to write or an essay of a couple of 100 words, it shouldn't
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜ 100๋‹จ์–ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์คฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
10:22
really take more than 25 to 30 minutes, but often, it will take the early learners 40-45-50
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25๋ถ„์—์„œ 30๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 45~50
10:29
minutes, 60 minutes, that's okay. Don't worry about the time it takes at the beginning,
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๋ถ„, 60๋ถ„, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:34
it's much more important to get it accurate, okay. But the more you practice to think in
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜์–ด
10:41
English, then the less time you will take to write it. So you'll start thinking and
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๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
10:46
using the words. You'll start thinking and using the collocations. You'll start thinking
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ
10:50
and putting the correct structure on your sentences. So try to avoid thinking in your
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์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
10:56
native tongue. Try to think in English writing English, speaking English, thinking English.
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. ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ณ , ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:03
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
11:04
Number six. Now, here's an important point when you're writing, particularly from a business
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6๋ฒˆ. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์ 
11:09
perspective, if you're writing a proposal, or if you're writing a memo, or you're writing
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๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ,
11:15
a position paper, whatever it happens to be, be aware of the audience who's going to read
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์˜๊ฒฌ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ๊ฐ„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:20
it. When I was a bit younger, and I was writing, I was always have in mind that I'd expect
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. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ, ๋‚˜๋Š”
11:27
the most senior person in my office, my boss or his boss, to read. And they may not, of
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฌ ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:33
course, but I always imagined that they would be reading it. And therefore I'd want to write
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š”
11:38
the best I could possibly write, not just to scribble down something, not just to throw
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํœ˜๊ฐˆ๊ฒจ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:43
a few words together, but to write something as clearly and as specific as I could be.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
Okay, so I would focus on the grammar, I would focus on making sure that I had the correct
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:55
structure in my sentence, I would focus on avoiding repetition, because... and, and also
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
punctuation, my old boss really, really really didn't like bad punctuation. So to make sure
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๋‚˜์œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
12:08
that you focus on those things, to expect that the person, the most important person
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:13
that's in your office, you expect them to read it. And that will help you to focus and
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
12:18
produce better written papers, better written documents, better written emails, okay.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์„œ, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
Number seven, this is important, particularly in writing, we have to be really, really careful
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์ผ๊ณฑ์งธ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:29
about the language that we use. Now, I don't mean here about good and bad language and
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ข‹์€ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋‚˜์œ
12:35
swear words, of course. You shouldn't use them, particularly in a written format. But
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๋ง, ์š•์„ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:39
the register, okay. Whether we're talking about formal or informal, really, really important,
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๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋“  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:45
okay. If we're writing a business proposal, a business paper, we should always write it
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:51
in a formal way. If we're replying to a client, unless the client has asked us to be informal,
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. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
12:57
then we should be more formal than informal. If we're writing emails to a colleague and
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ธต์— ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:03
the next floor, well, then, of course, we can be informal in that way, we don't have
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
to write everything so formal. So be aware and focused on the level or lack of formality,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
13:17
in your written papers, in your written emails, in your written letters, whatever it might
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์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์„œ, ์„œ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ์„œ๋ฉด ํŽธ์ง€์—์„œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
13:23
be, just be really, really conscious of that. Be conscious of how you address somebody,
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. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ์˜์‹ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:28
you know, if it's somebody you don't know, and you don't know the name, "Dear Sir." If
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด "Dear Sir."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋งŒ์•ฝ
13:34
it's somebody that you're... If you're writing a letter of complaint, then it's going to
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋ฉด... ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ญ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:39
be "Yours faithfully" at the end. Not, you know, not best wishes or anything like that.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— "๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ"๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ , ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์†Œ์›์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
So really be conscious of who you're writing to, be conscious of why you're writing to
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  , ์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:52
them, and be conscious of whether it's going to be formal, or informal, and get that right
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ผ์ง€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ผ์ง€ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ 
13:57
and correct structure.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:58
When we're talking about structure, point number eight, is to make sure that you do
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ ์€
14:04
actually have a structure in mind. You know, often when people start to write, they just
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
14:09
start writing. And they have no idea who they're going to write to, why they're writing to
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์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€
14:15
them, and more importantly, how they're going to structure it. So have a think about it
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, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
14:19
before you write before you put pen to paper foot before you type anything, think about
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์ข…์ด ๋ฐœ์— ํŽœ์„ ๋†“๊ธฐ ์ „์—
14:25
the reasons why you're writing this email, is it a letter of complaints? So what should
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์ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ํŽธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:32
be the the sense of it, okay, that the temperature of your of your letter, or you're writing
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€์˜ ์˜จ๋„, ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
14:37
a letter to congratulate somebody, so how should you write that? If you're writing an
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์จ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ดˆ๋Œ€์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
14:43
invitation, how should you write that? Okay, so, really think about it. And then when you're
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š” , ์ •๋ง ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
14:48
thinking about that, what should be the tone? Is it formal or informal? Is it pleasant?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ํ†ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด๊ฐ€์š”?
14:55
Is it complaining? Are you going to be really strong or they're going to be soft words,
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๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:01
how are you going to write that. So when you get that in your mind, then you can start
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ํ’ˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:05
writing. And you'll find that there'll be a much better flow of words, because you will
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:09
have given it some thought. So, have in mind that you're going to have an introduction.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
15:15
For example, if we're going to write a letter of complaint, we want to tell the person at
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
15:19
the very beginning, why we are writing to them, we are writing to you to complain about
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๋งจ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  , ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
something, okay? Then tell them what you're complaining about. Tell them why you're complaining,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ์™œ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์ž‘๋™
15:31
it didn't work, when you bought it, you took it back to the shop, they wouldn't replace
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ธ์ œ ์ƒ€๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€, ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€
15:35
it, etc, etc. So set out particularly and specifically what your complaints are. And
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๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
15:43
then when you come to the end, tell them specifically what you want to happen, I want this product
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์™€์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„
15:48
to be replaced, I want it to be replaced, immediately, I want my money back, I want
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๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰์‹œ ํ™˜๋ถˆ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
whatever you want, you have to set it out and tell them okay, and then you sign it,
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์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„œ๋ช…
15:59
and you may give them instruction, I would expect to get a reply within two days, within
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ 2์ผ, 3์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:04
three days, by next week. Tell them exactly when you expect to get a response. So when
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. ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
16:09
you have that in your mind, and you can picture it in your mind, it's much easier for you
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
16:14
to set it out on paper because you can see it. Okay, so don't go into something blindly.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข…์ด์— ์ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งˆ.
16:19
Think about it. Think about the words, think about the tone, think about the the tense,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ
16:25
and then committed to paper, okay, and then you're in a much better shape.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ข…์ด์— ์ „๋…ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
Now, when you've written something like that, particularly if it's a letter of complaint,
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์ž, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ์„ ๋•Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ผ๋ฉด,
16:35
what I would suggest is that you write it, and then you walk away from it for 30 minutes,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ด ๋‹ค์Œ 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ
16:43
go back to it and read it and see, are you happy with the way you've written it because
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์ฝ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์“ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:47
you might have written it much too formal, or you might have written it in a much more
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋„ํ•œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด์กฐ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:53
hurtful tone they intended, or you might it might be too harsh, okay, so what you don't
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
want us to write something, press the button and send it without checking it because there
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
17:04
are bound to be mistakes. And particularly if it's not your native language, okay, so
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
17:09
you should really give yourself a little bit of time to check it, to read it. And then
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ข€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
17:14
to send it particularly if you're talking about job offers, if you're writing a covering
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
17:19
letter for a job interview, or a covering letter for a position or a place and university,
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์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋ ˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋ ˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€
17:26
don't please don't write it and expect that they will be happy. If it's full of mistakes,
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๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:30
I wouldn't if I got it. And I doubt that the university will be happy because, you know,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜
17:35
they're going to assess you on your English ability and if your written letter gone into
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์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๊ฐ€
17:40
them is badly written, but it's not going to reflect so well on you. Okay.
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์ž˜๋ชป ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
17:45
Now, point number nine then is to perhaps take an English class. If you need one to
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์ด์ œ ์•„ํ™‰ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
17:52
work on some of these points that I've mentioned. Indeed, you could do with a second pair of
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์  ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
17:57
eyes to look at your written work, somebody that can help you somebody can set you assignments.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
What I do with the students I have I start them off, as I said, with some simple English,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
18:07
I get them to write sentences that will enable me to identify and point out mistakes, and
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ
18:13
then I'm able to structure how the future written lessons should go. Okay, so then when
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
18:20
I've gone on from this simple examples, I might give them just four words. For example,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
18:25
there was a bird sitting on the wall. Then I ask them just to write a little story around
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๋ฒฝ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
18:30
that 80 words - 100 words. And you'd be surprised the mistakes people make, you'd be surprised
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๊ทธ 80๋‹จ์–ด - 100๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋†€๋ž„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€
18:35
how they lack adjectives describe what the bird looked like. But then we can build up
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ž„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
18:41
so we correct the first six or seven sentences increase or improve the adjectives we use.
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์ฒ˜์Œ 6๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
And then after several attempts, we have a really good descriptive passage or short story
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹œ๋„ ๋์— ๋ฒฝ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์„ค๋ช… ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:53
to describe the birds sitting on the wall. Or the man standing beside the lamppost outside
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. ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ ์˜†์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž
18:59
the house. Yeah, so just simple situations, but enables you to write in a professional
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. ์˜ˆ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ
19:05
way, after a while, in a structured way. After a while you've avoided repetition. This is
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๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
19:10
the really, really key problem with writing is how much repetition there is. And the reason
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๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
19:16
why there is a need for repetition is the fact that the vocabulary is limited. If you
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
don't have more adjectives, or more verbs or nouns, well, of course, there's going to
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ก 
19:27
be repetition and it's not your fault. It just, you need a teacher, that's going to
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋„์šธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:31
help you. Not to use change, change, change, think think think persuade, persuade, persuade,
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. ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ƒ๊ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์„ค๋“ , ์„ค๋“, ์„ค๋“,
19:36
you have to use other words to change, to alter, to amend, to adjust, to think, to contemplate,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ์ˆ˜์ •, ์กฐ์ •, ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ˆ™๊ณ ,
19:44
to mull over. You need other words, other expressions that will help you to write in
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์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
a much better clear and informed way. So that's number nine. Take an English class with a
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 9๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
19:55
recognised teacher and have another person review that work. Particularly, if it's a
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ,
20:01
job application, if it's an application for a university course these are really the critical
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์ทจ์—… ์ง€์›์„œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผ์ • ์ง€์›์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด
20:07
times when you want your written English to be as good as it possibly can.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:12
And the final point, feel free in the lessons to make mistakes. If you don't make mistakes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
20:18
you don't make anything, I absolutely guarantee. Everybody who started off certainly with me
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค
20:24
in their in their written English, I allow them the flexibility to just write and write
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, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
20:29
don't worry about mistakes, mistakes and be corrected. The problem is if you don't have
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์‹ค์ˆ˜, ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
20:34
any thoughts, any ideas to start with all the issues about repetition, all the issues
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์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ,
20:39
about unknown words, all the issues, but wrong prepositions, don't worry about it, put them
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
20:44
down, see how you feel. And then the teacher will help you to improve that, how to squeeze
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๋‚ด๋ ค ๋†“์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
out those little mistakes that you make. And you'll you'll begin to enjoy your writing,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์งœ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
20:55
you'll begin to see for yourself, where you have repetition, you'll begin to self correct.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ต์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
And those are the really key critical steps that you'll have to take when you want to
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
21:04
improve your writing.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋ง ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
Okay, so that's my 10-point plan how you can improve your basic writing skills. They're
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
21:13
not and it isn't rocket science, a lot of it is common sense, but unless you know it,
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๋กœ์ผ“ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ์‹์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
21:19
you can't do it. Okay, so you have to apply it. So have a look at the 10 points that I've
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  10 ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
21:24
made. If you need any help, if you want any suggestions, please come back to me. Really,
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. ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
21:28
really important, as I said, is to read as much as you can. It's great to read. They
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
don't have to be huge books, but just to read on a frequent and regular basis, it will really
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๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ฑ…์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ •๋ง
21:39
help you. Okay.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
21:40
So I hope that this particular lesson, and my 10-point plan will help you. I look forward
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ์ €์˜ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
to reading your good English in the future. If you need anything else, please ask me you
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
21:50
can contact me on www.englishlessonviaskype. Very happy to help you and very happy to hear
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www.englishlessonviaskype๋กœ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ณ  ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:57
from you. And as always, join me for the next lesson.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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