Using metaphors to speak English more fluently

1,028,247 views ใƒป 2016-01-26

Learn English with Gill


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. I'm Gill from www.engvid.com,
0
765
3258
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฏ www.engvid.com ใฎ Gill ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
and today in this lesson, we're going to look at metaphors,
1
4078
4802
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
00:08
which are a different way of using language, really. But these metaphors are used a lot
2
8880
8857
ใงใฏใ€่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹้š ๅ–ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ
00:17
in everyday life. You could also call them idioms. They're a little bit like idioms.
3
17784
8386
ใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
And there are a lot of them.
4
29000
2490
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
But I just want to mention that there are metaphors and similes, and they're similar
5
31490
6380
ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใจ็›ดๅ–ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
00:37
in a way, but different. So, a metaphor says one thing is another thing. So, for example,
6
37870
11610
ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใฏ่ฟฐในใฆใŠใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
00:49
in my first sentence, here:
7
49480
2546
ใ€็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€
00:52
"Thanks for helping me - you're an angel!"
8
52432
4113
ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฉไฝฟใงใ™!ใ€
00:56
Okay? An angel is supposed to be a good person who helps people,
9
56630
4528
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅคฉไฝฟใฏ ไบบใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ–„่‰ฏใชไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใš
01:01
but you're talking here to an ordinary human being
10
61189
3811
ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ ใงๆ™ฎ้€šใฎไบบ้–“ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘
01:05
and calling them an angel because they've helped you. Okay. So, you're saying:
11
65000
5267
ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅคฉไฝฟใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฉไฝฟใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
01:10
"You are an angel."
12
70304
2103
ใ€‚
01:12
So, "you" equals "angel". So, in a metaphor, it's saying something is or
13
72433
8167
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใฏใ€Œๅคฉไฝฟใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ
01:20
somebody is something else. The other type of style of speaking is called a simile, and
14
80600
14680
ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ— ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฏ็›ดๅ–ฉใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€
01:35
we'll have another lesson on that; a separate lesson. And with a simile, you don't say "A"
15
95280
7150
ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚ ็›ดๅ–ฉใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒAใ€
01:42
is "B", you say "A" is like "B". So, with this one, you'd say:
16
102430
5513
ใŒใ€ŒBใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ŒAใ€ใฏใ€ŒBใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš
01:48
"You are like an angel."
17
108021
2359
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€.
01:50
Or: "You are as good as an angel."
18
110738
2602
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฉไฝฟใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:53
But with the metaphor: "You are an angel." So that's
19
113541
3739
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏๅคฉไฝฟใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
01:57
the difference between metaphors and similes. So, please look at the other lesson about
20
117280
5519
ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใจ็›ดๅ–ฉใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็›ดๅ–ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
02:02
similes to see some examples of that. Okay?
21
122799
4441
ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:07
Right, so concentrating on metaphors.
22
127691
4183
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
"Thanks for helping me - you're an angel!" if someone
23
132249
3251
ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฉไฝฟใงใ™๏ผใ€ ่ชฐใ‹
02:15
helps you. You could say this to somebody if they help you.
24
135500
3310
ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
02:19
"Thank you - you're an angel."
25
139029
1700
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฉไฝฟใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:20
It's a nice compliment, a nice thing to say to somebody who's helped you.
26
140815
5885
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ„ใ„่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
Second example:
27
148739
1114
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹:
02:29
"The people in that club are just a bunch of sheep!"
28
149899
6078
ใ€Œใใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ ใŸใ ใฎ็พŠใฎ็พคใ‚Œใงใ™!ใ€
02:36
Okay? "A bunch", that's just sort of casual, informal word.
29
156280
6016
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒๆŸใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไธ€็จฎใฎใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใใ ใ‘ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:42
"A bunch", it means a group. A group.
30
162335
4142
ใ€ŒๆŸใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
02:48
A group of people.
31
168656
1861
ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
02:50
You can have a bunch of flowers. That's the normal use for "bunch". Bunch of flowers,
32
170571
5308
่ŠฑๆŸใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ€ŒๆŸใ€ใฎ้€šๅธธใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ŠฑใฎๆŸใ€
02:55
several flowers held together. But this is people who are being called sheep. They're
33
175879
7631
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ŠฑใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็พŠใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
03:03
not literally sheep. People are not sheep; sheep are animals, people are humans. But
34
183510
8160
ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็พŠใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไบบใฏ็พŠใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็พŠใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€ไบบใฏไบบ้–“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
03:11
this is saying the people in that club are a bunch of sheep. They're behaving like sheep,
35
191740
7139
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใฎไบบใ€…ใŒ็พŠใฎ็พคใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็พŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
because what sheep do, they all stick together, they all stay together, and they all follow
36
198879
6951
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็พŠใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ€ ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใฆใ€
03:25
each other. They all do the same thing. So this happens with people sometimes. They...
37
205830
6250
ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š†ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ...
03:32
They don't have their own independent ideas; they just copy what everybody else does. So
38
212080
6870
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไป–ใฎไบบใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็œŸไผผใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
03:38
that's the meaning of this... This one. The people in that club are just a bunch of sheep.
39
218950
7679
ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™... ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏใŸใ ใฎ็พŠใฎ็พคใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Okay.
40
226629
791
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:48
This one is probably more of a positive thing to say to somebody:
41
228459
6253
ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช
03:54
"You're such a busy bee!"
42
234789
2642
ใ“ใจใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใƒŸใƒ„ใƒใƒใงใ™๏ผใ€
03:57
It maybe sounds a bit patronizing, perhaps. But if someone is really busy, you can say
43
237748
9042
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฒใ„ใใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไบบใฏ
04:06
they're a busy bee. And the two b's is a sort of poetic thing, again. But busy bee. The
44
246790
8640
ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใƒใƒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€2 ใคใฎ b ใฏไธ€็จฎ ใฎ่ฉฉ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใƒใƒใ€‚
04:15
thing about bees is... The bees that buzz around, they... They're always busy. They're
45
255430
8019
ใƒŸใƒ„ใƒใƒใฎใ“ใจใฏโ€ฆ ้ฃ›ใณๅ›žใ‚‹ใƒŸใƒ„ใƒใƒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏโ€ฆ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:23
collecting pollen from flowers, and going back to the hive, and they're making honey.
46
263449
5692
่Šฑใ‹ใ‚‰่Šฑ็ฒ‰ใ‚’้›†ใ‚ ใ€ๅทฃ็ฎฑใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€่œ‚่œœใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
So they seem to be busy all the time. So, to call a person a busy bee is that they are
47
269212
7797
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„่œ‚ใจๅ‘ผใถใฎใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใ‚‚
04:37
also running around and doing things, and being very busy and working a lot, and never
48
277009
6351
ใพใŸ่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใŸใ‚Šไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅฟ™ใ—ใใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆๆญขใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†
04:43
stopping. Okay.
49
283360
2730
ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:47
Here's another one:
50
287581
993
04:48
"London is a melting pot of people and cultures."
51
288629
6048
ใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฏ ไบบใ€…ใจๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใ‚‹ใคใผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:54
Okay, so London is a melting pot.
52
294763
3705
ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฏไบบ็จฎใฎใ‚‹ใคใผใงใ™ใ€‚
04:58
It's not literally a pot with food in it. It's a melting pot of people and
53
298812
10798
ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๅ…ฅใฃใŸ้‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไบบใจ
05:09
cultures. The people and cultures aren't being thrown into a pot. London, the city, just
54
309610
7119
ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใ‚‹ใคใผใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ‚„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฏ้‹ใซๆ”พใ‚Š่พผใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซใฏ
05:16
contains a lot of people from different cultures and different countries. Okay.
55
316729
7142
ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ‚„ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ›ฝใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:25
Here's a good one from if you're... If you're working in an office or somewhere and you
56
325410
4259
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‹ใฉใ“ใ‹ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
05:29
have some ideas, and you tell them to your boss:
57
329669
3005
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŠๅธใซไผใˆใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
05:32
"I had some good ideas but my boss shot them down."
58
332768
5692
ใ€‚
05:38
Okay? So to shoot something is like with a gun, [shooting noises], all these
59
338640
5540
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ’ƒใคใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€้Šƒใ‚’ๆ’ƒใคใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง ใ€[ๅฐ„ๆ’ƒใฎ้Ÿณ]ใ€
05:44
good ideas that you've just produced, and your boss doesn't like them or he doesn't
60
344180
6109
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„
05:50
like you maybe. But he shoots down your... All your ideas, and they come falling to the
61
350289
6211
ใ‹ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ’ƒใก่ฝใจใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅบŠใซ่ฝใกใฆใ
05:56
floor. Not literally. Again, it's not literally true. Not literally true. It's just a picture
62
356500
14759
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:11
in your mind, like your boss with a gun, shooting down your ideas. So he doesn't like any of
63
371259
8151
ไธŠๅธใŒ้Šƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ’ƒใก่ฝใจใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใฎ็ตต ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใฏ
06:19
your ideas, he just shoots them. Destroys them. So, you had some good ideas, but my
64
379410
6870
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใใ€ใŸใ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ’ƒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ ดๅฃŠใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็งใฎ
06:26
boss shot them down. Okay?
65
386280
3618
ไธŠๅธใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ’ƒใก่ฝใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:31
Another one:
66
391086
758
06:31
"My head is so full of problems, it's spinning."
67
391915
5270
ใ‚‚ใ†1ใค
ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ้ ญใฏ ๅ•้กŒใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ€ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:37
To spin is to go around, and around, and around, and around, like that. To spin.
68
397263
6942
ๅ›ž่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ใ€ ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:46
Well, your head can't literally be
69
406011
3057
ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ ญใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
06:49
going around, and around, and around, and around, and around because it would kill you
70
409069
3133
06:52
probably if that happened. After two or three turns, you'd be dead. So it can't be true,
71
412257
8877
ใ€‚ 2๏ฝž3 ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๅณๆญปใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:01
literally. It's just a picture in your mind of your head. All these problems inside your
72
421181
8719
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใฎ็ตตใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ ญใฎ ไธญใฎใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ•้กŒ
07:09
head, it's making it feel, "Ooo", like that. Okay? So it's not literally true; it's just
73
429900
6090
ใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
07:15
an image, a picture.
74
435990
2799
ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ€ๅ†™็œŸใงใ™ใ€‚
07:21
Now, here's a slightly different one:
75
441148
1544
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™๏ผš
07:22
"Her dress has a very loud pattern."
76
442755
4811
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใฏ้žๅธธใซๆดพๆ‰‹ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.ใ€
07:27
If you... Oh, I don't have a pattern on. This... Oh. This scarf has a slight pattern, stripes.
77
447801
10319
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒžใƒ•ใƒฉใƒผใซใฏใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็ธžๆจกๆง˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
It has some stripes and some slightly different colours, but I wouldn't call that a loud pattern.
78
458120
6832
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒ—ใจใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ่‰ฒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆดพๆ‰‹ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใจใฏๅ‘ผใณใพใ›ใ‚“.
07:45
If the pattern is loud, it's very strong. Lots of different colours and shapes, something
79
465249
11040
ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒๅคงใใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่‰ฒใ‚„ๅฝขใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
07:56
really strong. So, "loud", it's not to do with the sound in this case, it's to do with
80
476289
7231
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎ้Ÿณใงใฏใชใใ€
08:03
how it looks. So "loud" and "soft" for music, yes, but for a pattern, a loud pattern.
81
483520
7619
่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Ÿณๆฅฝใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‰ใ€ใงใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‰ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:11
So, next one:
82
491217
2196
ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆฌก
08:13
"People are flocking to the pop concert."
83
493670
4907
ใฏใ€Œใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใซไบบใŒ็พคใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
Now, the metaphor here is this
84
498678
3521
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใฏใ“ใฎ
08:22
word: "flocking". And it goes back to sheep, because the collective word for sheep is a
85
502199
9871
่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็พคใ‚Œใ€ใ€‚ ็พŠ ใฎ็ท็งฐใฏ็พŠใฎ็พคใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:32
flock of sheep. So, when you see sheep running across a field, they're all in a bunch. Like
86
512070
9300
็พŠใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พŠ ใŒ้‡ŽๅŽŸใ‚’ๆจชๅˆ‡ใฃใฆ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็พคใ‚Œใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:41
we said, bunch of sheep. But the proper name for that bunch is a flock. So, if people are
87
521370
6610
็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็พŠใฎ็พคใ‚Œใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎ็พคใ‚Œใฎๆญฃๅผๅ็งฐ ใฏ็พคใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ
08:47
flocking to the pop concert, it's like they're sheep again. We're back to the sheep. So it's
88
527980
7410
ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใซ็พคใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ†ใณ็พŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™. ็พŠใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:55
a little bit metaphorical, if you like. They're not just going, people are going to the pop
89
535390
6710
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใŸใ ่กŒใใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใƒใƒƒใƒ—
09:02
concert; they're flocking in big groups, all going to the same place. Okay.
90
542100
6980
ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใซ่กŒใใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคงใใช็พคใ‚Œใ‚’ใชใ—ใฆ็พคใ‚Œใ‚’ใชใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๆ‰€ใธๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ†ใใ†
09:09
Right, now this is about two people who were good friends, but... Oh:
91
549861
5817
ใ€ไปŠ ใฏไปฒ่‰ฏใ—ใ ใฃใŸ2ไบบใใ‚‰ใ„ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉโ€ฆ ใ‚
09:15
"at first, but then things turned sour".
92
555702
6635
ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใฏใ ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€‚
09:22
Now, usually in the literal world, things that turn sour are things like
93
562719
6481
ใ•ใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎไธ–็•Œใงใฏใ€ ้…ธใฃใฑใใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็‰›ไนณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
09:29
milk. If you leave milk too long and you taste it, "ewl", horrible, that sort of cheesy taste.
94
569200
10270
ใงใ™. ็‰›ไนณใ‚’้•ทๆ™‚้–“ๆ”พ็ฝฎใ—ใฆๅ‘ณใ‚ใ† ใจใ€ใ€Œใ†ใšใพใใ€ใ€ใฒใฉใ„ใ€ใ‚ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚บใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‘ณใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
Not very nice at all. And this has the same idea, really. Two people who are good friends
95
579470
7630
ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆ ใฏไปฒ่‰ฏใ—ใ ใฃใŸไบŒไบบใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฌก็ฌฌใซไปฒ
09:47
to begin with, at first, but then things turned sour. It goes wrong. Something goes wrong.
96
587100
8730
ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
09:55
They're not friends anymore. Maybe they had an argument, they disagreed.
97
595830
5143
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‹้”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ† ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:01
Things turned sour. Okay.
98
601067
4451
ไบ‹ๆ…‹ใฏๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:06
And let's end with quite a famous quotation from Shakespeare. I like quoting from Shakespeare;
99
606455
9124
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้žๅธธใซๆœ‰ๅใชๅผ•็”จใง็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅผ•็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:15
he's one of my favourite writers. And what he said in one of his plays, he said:
100
615579
7812
ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅฅฝใใชไฝœๅฎถใฎไธ€ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅฝผใŒๆˆฏๆ›ฒใฎไธญใง่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€
10:23
"All the world's a stage."
101
623563
3073
ใ€Œไธ–็•Œใฏใ™ในใฆ่ˆžๅฐใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:26
He's talking about the theatre, because he wrote plays, he was a
102
626878
4032
ๅฝผใฏๆผ”ๅŠ‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ๅฝผใฏๆˆฏๆ›ฒใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰
10:30
man of the theatre. So, he's saying all the world is a stage. Wherever you go, not just
103
630910
9220
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผ ใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œใฏใ™ในใฆ่ˆžๅฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŠ‡ๅ ดใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใฃ
10:40
in the theatre, but everywhere. Because people are acting in some way.
104
640130
7882
ใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚ ไบบใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:48
"And all the men and women merely players",
105
648465
4451
ใ€Œใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ็”ทๆ€งใจๅฅณๆ€งใฏๅ˜ใซใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒคใƒผใงใ™ใ€ใ€
10:52
"merely", that means "just". Just players. Just. And "players"
106
652971
7618
ใ€Œๅ˜ใซใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒใŸใ ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใŸใ ใฎ้ธๆ‰‹ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒคใƒผใ€
11:00
is another word for actors. Okay. They're just actors, people. He's saying people just
107
660589
9751
ใฏไฟณๅ„ชใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใŸใ ใฎไฟณๅ„ชใ€ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ไบบใฏ
11:10
act their part, even if they're not in the theatre, they're playing a part in some way.
108
670386
7294
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฝนใ‚’ๆผ”ใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ๅŠ‡ๅ ดใซใ„ใชใ ใฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใงๅฝนใ‚’ๆผ”ใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:17
That's what... Well, it's not Shakespeare saying it. It's one of his characters in one
109
677680
5320
ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฎๆˆฏๆ›ฒใฎ็™ปๅ ดไบบ็‰ฉใฎไธ€
11:23
of his plays is saying it, so it's a bit different. So it's just one person's opinion in the play.
110
683000
7850
ไบบใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅŠ‡ไธญใฎไธ€ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:30
"All the world's a stage. And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits",
111
690850
9504
ใ€Œไธ–็•Œๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ่ˆžๅฐใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ็”ทๆ€งใจ ๅฅณๆ€งใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒคใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅ‡บๅฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€
11:40
they go off, "and their entrances", they come in. They come and go. And they come
112
700370
8490
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŽปใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใ€ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ…ฅใฃใฆ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
11:48
and go. And they do what they do, they say what they say, and this character thinks they're
113
708860
6811
่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจ ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆผ”ๆŠ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
11:55
acting, just like in a theatre. So this is what's called an extended metaphor. Okay?
114
715717
9297
ใ€ใพใ‚‹ใงๅŠ‡ๅ ดใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ. ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๆ‹กๅผตใƒกใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:08
Because we've got a metaphor, and adding... It's adding more and more ideas to it.
115
728045
7304
็งใŸใกใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™... ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใซใพใ™ใพใ™ๅคšใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:15
"All the world's a stage", that's a simple metaphor, but then say more in the same way:
116
735403
6359
ใ€Œๅ…จไธ–็•ŒใŒ่ˆžๅฐใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
12:21
"All the men and women are actors".
117
741808
3386
ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ็”ทๆ€งใจๅฅณๆ€งใŒไฟณๅ„ชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:25
They come in, they go out, they come in. So lots of different
118
745335
4184
ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ€ๅ‡บใฆใ€ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ€
12:29
things that fit into that metaphor.
119
749519
3342
ใใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:33
Okay, so I hope I've helped you to understand metaphors, whether English is your first language
120
753486
7444
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชž
12:40
and you're studying English literature at school, or whether you're studying English
121
760969
5184
ใงๅญฆๆ กใง่‹ฑๆ–‡ๅญฆใ‚’ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ฌฌไบŒ่จ€่ชžใพใŸใฏๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ—ใฆๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจ
12:46
as a second language or as a foreign language, I hope this has been helpful, and given you
122
766192
6678
ใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸใ—ใ€
12:52
some more vocabulary as well. And do look for the other lesson, which is about similes.
123
772870
6923
่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅข—ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€็›ดๅ–ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:59
And this one, the metaphors, we have a quiz for you on the website: www.engvid.com.
124
779886
6756
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒกใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:06
Please go and give it a try.
125
786716
1865
ใœใฒ่กŒใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:08
And see you again soon.
126
788636
1800
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:10
Okay? Bye.
127
790477
1612
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7