Vocabulary: Learn 10 words that come from "BACK"

157,470 views ใƒป 2017-03-16

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚
00:02
I'm Gill at www.engvid.com.
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็งใฏ www.engvid.com ใฎใ‚ฎใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:05
And today we're having a lesson on the use of the word "back".
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€Œๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
We've already given you a lesson on the word "back" in different parts of speech, so do
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ใ™ใงใซ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ“่ฉžใงใฎใ€Œๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใพใ 
00:18
have a look for that if you haven't already seen it.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ .
00:22
This lesson is about words which are based on the word "back" or they begin with "back".
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซๅŸบใฅใๅ˜่ชžใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:31
So, let's have a look at a few examples.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:35
First of all, if you say: "That man has no backbone!"
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ใพใšใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ็”ทใฏ่ƒŒ้ชจใŒใชใ„๏ผใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
00:42
Your backbone is your spine that runs down the back of your body, and it sort of holds
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒ้ชจใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ“ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒ้ชจ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:50
you upright.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็›ด็ซ‹ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
00:52
So if you think literally someone has no backbone, they're going to go over like that, but this
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š่ชฐใ‹ใซใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒœใƒผใƒณใŒใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
01:01
is used in a metaphorical sense, not a literal sense.
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ใฏ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
01:07
So if you describe someone as having no backbone, it means they're not a very strong person.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ƒŒ้ชจใŒใชใ„ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏใใฎไบบใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅผทใ„ไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
01:16
You can easily make them do things, or stop them doing things.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:22
They don't sort of have a mind of their own or they don't have a strong will.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฟƒใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ๅผทใ„ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:29
You can push them around, that sort of thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฎใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ€‚
01:32
They're a bit weak.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
So, no backbone is quite a bad criticism of anybody.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒœใƒผใƒณใฏ ่ชฐใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๆ‰นๅˆคใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:40
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:42
Second example, if you're applying for a job, usually:
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
01:48
"Your job application will require the backing of two referees."
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ใ€‚
01:56
Meaning people who will give you a reference, maybe people you have worked with before who
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‚่€ƒใซใชใ‚‹ไบบใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปฅๅ‰ใซไธ€็ท’ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’
02:05
will say how well you did your job, what sort of person you are.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‹ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใ‚“ใชไบบใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Hopefully they will say nice things.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:13
Otherwise, you wouldn't choose them to give you references.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅ‚็…งใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
02:18
So when you fill in an application form, you often have to put the name and address, and
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€ๅๅ‰ใจไฝๆ‰€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 2 ไบบใฎใƒฌใƒ•ใ‚งใƒชใƒผใฎๅฝน่ทใ‚’่จ˜่ผ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:25
job title of two referees.
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ใ€‚
02:29
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:30
So the backing of referees means the support, the telling the new company about you, and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒ•ใ‚งใƒชใƒผใฎๆ”ฏๆŒใฏใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไผš็คพใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆ
02:40
helping you to get the new job.
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ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™.
02:43
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:44
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
02:46
Another business-related one, if you want to find out more information about a company,
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น้–ข้€ฃใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไผš็คพใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใใฎไผš็คพใฎ
02:55
you can ask somebody:
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02:57
"Could you give me some background information on the company?"
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่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆ ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:03
So, information tells you really what it means.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใใ‚Œ ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
Background means just general information about maybe when the company was started;
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่ƒŒๆ™ฏใจใฏ ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไผš็คพใŒๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใจใใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
what does the company do, what is their business, how many people work there, do they have one
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ไผš็คพใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใฎไบ‹ๆฅญใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใ‹ใ€ใใ“ใงไฝ•ไบบใฎไบบใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
03:24
building in one city or several buildings in different cities?
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซ 1 ใคใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹?
03:30
All the sort of background, maybe a bit historical; what has happened in the past?
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฐ‘ใ— ๆญดๅฒ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:37
Are they on the stock market?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:39
That sort of thing.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ€‚
03:40
Background information. Okay.
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่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:45
Next example, sometimes when a government decide to do something new, a new policy,
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœ ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:54
sometimes people don't like it very much and it can cause demonstrations, riots, all sorts
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใชใ„ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‡ใƒขใ‚„ๆšดๅ‹•ใชใฉใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:02
of things.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
It can cause bad things to happen.
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ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
People react to the new policy.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใซๅๅฟœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
So if you say: "The government's new policy could result in a backlash."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฏๅ็™บใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€.
04:18
that's like if you're using a whip...
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏ้žญใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
04:22
The whip which does a lash, you lash something with a whip.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™... ้žญใ‚’ๆ‰“ใค้žญใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้žญใงๆ‰“ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
If it comes back at you and hits you, that is a backlash.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซ ๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใงใ™.
04:32
So, the government is doing this, and it comes back at them and something bad happens.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™.
04:40
A bad result, basically.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ‚ชใ„็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
04:42
A backlash is a bad result from something.
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆ‚ชใ„็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
04:46
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:48
And finally in this first half of the lesson, if I have been on holiday for two weeks and
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ‰ๅŠใงใ€ 2 ้€ฑ้–“ไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃ
04:56
I come back, and my desk has got lots of papers mounted up, lots of emails on the computer,
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ใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฎๆœบใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ›ธ้กž ใŒ็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:07
lots of work to do because I've been away: "I have a huge backlog of work!"
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸ๏ผšใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฐใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผใ€
05:16
It means just lots of work that has come in while I have been away.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€็งใŒ้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
05:23
Why did I bother going on holiday?
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ใชใœ็งใฏ ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–ไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:25
I got all this extra work to do now.
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็งใฏไปŠใ€ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:29
A backlog.
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฐใ€‚
05:30
So it's best to avoid a backlog if you can, but not going on holiday is not so nice.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใงใใ‚Œใฐใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฐใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:40
But when you think sometimes: "What will it be like when I go back?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ ๆˆปใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸ
05:44
There'll be so much to do", so that's a backlog.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ† ใ€ใจๆ™‚ใ€…่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
Okay, we'll move on to the next few examples.
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ใ‚ˆใ— ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใซ็งปใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
05:53
Okay, so you'll see I am now carrying my backpack to illustrate the next sentence.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใŒใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ƒŒ่ฒ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
So, let's see what it is.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:06
"He is going to backpack around India."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงๅ›žใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:13
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ƒŒ่ฒ ใฃใฆ
06:14
And that's what you do if you're travelling just with a pack on your back like this, so
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ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€
06:23
you're travelling very light and you're just getting buses, you're walking, you're maybe
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้žๅธธใซ่บซ่ปฝใซๆ—…่กŒใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆญฉใ„ใŸใ‚Š
06:31
getting rides in cars and lorries, backpack.
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ใ€่ปŠ ใ‚„ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใซไน—ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™. ใ€ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
06:36
And this...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
06:37
This is all that you have with you.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
No suitcases or anything like that.
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใชใฉใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:42
So, it's a very popular way of travelling if you're feeling quite brave and you're happy
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใŒ
06:50
just to go day to day seeing different places.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้žๅธธใซไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—…่กŒๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
Okay, so that's a backpack.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
06:57
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
06:59
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:01
And next sentence...
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ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใฎๆ–‡โ€ฆ
07:05
Now, this is a little bit rude.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใ€‚
07:07
So sometimes I hear people saying this word: "backside" because they've put "back" and
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œ่ฃๅดใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฃๅดใ€ใฏใ€Œ่ฃๅดใ€ใจ
07:16
"side" together, and because English is not their first language, they don't realize that
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ใ€Œๅด้ขใ€ใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใŒ ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
07:24
"backside" as one word has a very specific meaning.
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ใ€Œ่ฃๅดใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซ ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚
07:30
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:32
And it's actually your bottom.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅบ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
07:42
Bottom.
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ไธ‹ใ€‚
07:43
Or some people even say "B-T-M" without saying the word.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใšใซใ€ŒB-T-Mใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:51
BTM, bottom.
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BTMใ€ไธ‹ใ€‚
07:55
"Backside" has this particular meaning, and it's slightly slang, a little bit rude.
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ใ€Œ่ฃๅดใ€ใซใฏใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคฑ็คผใงใ™.
08:04
You don't generally use it in polite society, so you have to be careful who you are with
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็คพไผšใงใฏไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€่ชฐใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ†ใ‹ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™
08:10
when you use it.
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ใ€‚
08:11
If you're with friends, it's probably okay.
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ๅ‹้”ใจไธ€็ท’ ใชใ‚‰ๅคšๅˆ†ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
08:15
So, here: "She fell down on her backside!"
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ๏ผšใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŠๅฐปใซ ๅ€’ใ‚ŒใŸ๏ผใ€
08:22
Could be painful.
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็—›ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:26
That's what it means.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:28
She fell down on her bottom.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŠๅฐปใซๅ€’ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
08:31
Another word we use: "posterior", but that's a very...
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชž: ใ€Œposteriorใ€ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ...
08:37
Oh, elite word that comes from Latin.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใซ็”ฑๆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒชใƒผใƒˆ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
08:47
"Posterior", but it's a bit of a jokey word as well.
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ใ€ŒๅพŒใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ†—่ซ‡ใฃใฝใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:51
So, okay.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:52
All these different words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
08:55
"Backside", be careful how you use it.
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ใ€Œ่ฃๅดใ€ใ€ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใฏๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ ใฆใ€‚
08:58
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
08:59
Now, next one, if someone is trying to explain something to you that's really complicated
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ๆฌกใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ่ค‡้›‘
09:06
and you have to concentrate very hard, and then at some point you think:
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ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™:
09:13
"I don't understand this.
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09:16
I need this person to start again from the beginning, and see if I understand it next time."
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฏ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ใ€
09:23
So you can say:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผš
09:26
"I've lost the thread of your explanation",
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎ็ณธใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€
09:30
the thread, it's like a piece of cotton.
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ใ€็ณธใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏ็ถฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
09:33
Cotton that you sew with.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ธซใ†็ถฟใ€‚
09:37
And as they're explaining, you have this sort of idea of a thread, but if you sort of lose
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎ็จฎ ใฎใ‚นใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
09:45
your concentration, you can say:
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
09:48
"I've lost the thread of your explanation - can we backtrack, please?"
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใ‚นใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ๅพŒๆˆปใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
09:54
Meaning: Can we go back?
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผšๆˆปใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผŸ
09:57
Tracks are like a train is on tracks, so if you backtrack, you're going back along some
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็ทš่ทฏใฏ็ทš่ทฏใฎไธŠใซ้›ป่ปŠใŒไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™
10:06
tracks.
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ใ€‚
10:08
Back to the beginning of the explanation and try again to understand.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซๆˆปใฃใฆ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:13
So, to backtrack.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅพŒๆˆปใ‚Šใ€‚
10:17
Right.
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10:17
Now, if there is an incident, people on the street fighting or somebody stealing something
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ๅณใ€‚
ใ•ใฆใ€่ทฏไธŠใงไบบใ€…ใŒ ๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹
10:27
from a shop, the policeman...
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ใŒๅบ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ไบ‹ไปถใŒ็™บ็”Ÿ
10:30
One policeman on his own is not always the best way of dealing with it.
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ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€่ญฆๅฎ˜... ไธ€ไบบใฎ่ญฆๅฎ˜ใŒ ๅธธใซๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆณ•ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:37
You need more than one for safety.
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ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:40
So, often: "The policeman"-on his own-"had to call for backup", meaning for support,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ่ญฆๅฎ˜ใ€ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ€Œ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆ
10:49
for more policemen to come and policewomen maybe.
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ่ญฆๅฎ˜ใ€ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฅณๆ€ง่ญฆๅฎ˜ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:53
Why not?
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ใชใœใ ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:54
To come and help because it's too much for one person to deal with.
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ไธ€ไบบใงๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:59
So, "to call for backup" is to call for extra people to come and help.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€"to call for backup" ใฏ ใ€ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชไบบใŒๆฅใฆๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅ‘ผใณใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:07
And then finally, if you imagine you're doing a building project, maybe it's an old house
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅปบ็ฏ‰ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
11:17
that you have bought and you want to modernize it, but as you start working you find that
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ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸๅคใ„ๅฎถใ‚’่ฟ‘ไปฃๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไฝœๆฅญใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹
11:24
you have to get rid of a lot of things, you have to take the plaster off the walls, there
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ใจใ€ๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฃใฎใ—ใฃใใ„ใ‚’ๅ‰ฅใŒใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
11:31
are all sorts of problems.
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ใชใฉใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
It's as if you're almost demolishing the house before you can rebuild it.
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ๅฎถใ‚’ๅ†ๅปบใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฎถใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่งฃไฝ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:38
So, you can say: "I think we're going backwards rather than forwards with this building project!"
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎๅปบ่จญใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๅ‰้€ฒใงใฏใชใใ€ๅพŒ้€€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™!ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
We're having to go backwards, take it back before we can start building again.
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ๅ†ใณๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:55
Bring it down almost to the ground before we can start building it up again as a nice
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็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒขใƒ€ใƒณใชๅฎถใจใ—ใฆๅ†ใณๅปบใฆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅœฐ้ขใซๅ€’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
12:01
modern house.
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.
12:02
So, "backwards" you can use in all sorts of context.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅพŒๆ–นใ€ ใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:06
If I'm walking backwards, I'm going like that, obviously.
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็งใŒๅพŒใ‚ๅ‘ใใซๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
Forwards like that.
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ใใ‚“ใชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚
12:13
Simple.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚
12:14
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:15
So, I hope these examples have been useful for you.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ ใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:20
If you'd like to do a quiz, please go to the website, www.engvid.com.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:25
And if you'd like to subscribe to my YouTube channel, that would be great.
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็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:30
And hope to see you again very soon.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:33
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:34
Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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