Vocabulary: Learn 10 words that come from "BACK"

Hi.

你好。

I'm Gill at www.engvid.com.

我在吉尔www.engvid.com。

And today we're having a lesson on the use of the word "back".

我们今天要上一堂关于单词"back"用法的课程

We've already given you a lesson on the word "back" in different parts of speech, so do

我们已经给你上了一堂关于"back"在不同词性用法的课程

have a look for that if you haven't already seen it.

所以如果你还没看过的话最好去看一下

This lesson is about words which are based on the word "back" or they begin with "back".

这堂课是关于以"back"为词根，或以"back"为前缀的单词

So, let's have a look at a few examples.

所以让我们来看几个例子

First of all, if you say: "That man has no backbone!"

首先，如果你说：“那个人真没骨气。”

Your backbone is your spine that runs down the back of your body, and it sort of holds

你的脊骨是贯穿你全身的脊椎，它是某种让你

you upright.

保持直立的东西

So if you think literally someone has no backbone, they're going to go over like that, but this

如果你字面上认为某人没有脊骨，他们就像那样

is used in a metaphorical sense, not a literal sense.

但是这句话被使用在含有隐喻的语境，不是字面意思

So if you describe someone as having no backbone, it means they're not a very strong person.

所以如果你描述一个人没有脊骨，说明他们不是很强势的人

You can easily make them do things, or stop them doing things.

你可以轻易地让他们做事情，或者让他们停止做事情

They don't sort of have a mind of their own or they don't have a strong will.

他们没有那种有一个自己的心灵 自己或他们没有坚强的意志。

You can push them around, that sort of thing.

你可以像那样随意摆布他们

They're a bit weak.

他们就是战五渣

So, no backbone is quite a bad criticism of anybody.

所以“没骨气”是对某人很坏的批评

Okay.

好的。

Second example, if you're applying for a job, usually:

第二个例子，如果你在申请工作，通常会看到

"Your job application will require the backing of two referees."

“你的工作申请需要两位证明人的支持。”

Meaning people who will give you a reference, maybe people you have worked with before who

意思是会给你推荐信的人 可能是以前和你共事

will say how well you did your job, what sort of person you are.

会将说你以前做工作做的多好 你是什么样的人的人

Hopefully they will say nice things.

希望他们能 说好话。

Otherwise, you wouldn't choose them to give you references.

否则你就不会选择它们来给你写推荐信

So when you fill in an application form, you often have to put the name and address, and

所以，当你在填写申请表时，你通常会需要填写两位证明人的姓名、地址

job title of two referees.

和工作职位

Okay?

好的？

So the backing of referees means the support, the telling the new company about you, and

所以两位证明人的支持的意思是支持，他们告诉你的新公司关于你的事情

helping you to get the new job.

并且帮助你得到这份新工作

Okay.

好的。

Right.

对。

Another business-related one, if you want to find out more information about a company,

另一个与商务有关的 如果你想要找到关于与一家公司更多的信息

you can ask somebody:

你可以问别人：

"Could you give me some background information on the company?"

“你能给我这家公司的一些背景信息吗？”

So, information tells you really what it means.

所以信息告诉你它的意思是什么

Background means just general information about maybe when the company was started;

背景的意思是通常的信息 可能是关于这家公司什么时候开始营业

what does the company do, what is their business, how many people work there, do they have one

主要做什么，他们的业务是什么，有多少员工

building in one city or several buildings in different cities?

在一个城市由一栋建筑或在多个城市有多栋建筑

All the sort of background, maybe a bit historical; what has happened in the past?

所有这些背景信息的种类，可能会有一些关于他历史的东西。 它的过去发生了什么？

Are they on the stock market?

他们上市了吗？

That sort of thing.

之类的东西。

Background information. Okay.

背景资料。好的。

Next example, sometimes when a government decide to do something new, a new policy,

下一个例子，有时政府要做一个新举措、新政策

sometimes people don't like it very much and it can cause demonstrations, riots, all sorts

有时人们并不非常喜欢它，并且它可以游行示威、暴乱等等

of things.

这些事

It can cause bad things to happen.

它可以引起不良 事情发生。

People react to the new policy.

人们对这项新政策作出反应

So if you say: "The government's new policy could result in a backlash."

所以如果你说：“政府的新政策会导致强烈反抗。”

that's like if you're using a whip...

这就像如果你是 用鞭子...

The whip which does a lash, you lash something with a whip.

一条挥动的鞭子，你用鞭子打什么东西

If it comes back at you and hits you, that is a backlash.

如果他弹回来打中了你，那就是翻撞。

So, the government is doing this, and it comes back at them and something bad happens.

所以，政府做了这件事，并且一些弹回来并且一些坏事发生

A bad result, basically.

坏的结果，基本上是这样。

A backlash is a bad result from something.

强烈反应是来自某样东西的坏的结果

Okay.

好的。

And finally in this first half of the lesson, if I have been on holiday for two weeks and

在这节课的前半段时间 如果我度了两个周的假然后回来

I come back, and my desk has got lots of papers mounted up, lots of emails on the computer,

我回来了，然后一堆试卷在我的桌子上堆积成山，电脑有一堆未处理的邮件

lots of work to do because I've been away: "I have a huge backlog of work!"

一堆工作要做因为我之前的离开 我有一堆积压的工作

It means just lots of work that has come in while I have been away.

这意味着一堆工作来了而我离开了

Why did I bother going on holiday?

为什么我懒得 去度假？

I got all this extra work to do now.

我现在有一堆额外的工作要做

A backlog.

一堆积压的工作

So it's best to avoid a backlog if you can, but not going on holiday is not so nice.

因此，最好避免积压，如果可以的话， 但不是去度假也不好。

But when you think sometimes: "What will it be like when I go back?

但是，当你有时觉得：“我回来的时候会怎么样？会有太多的工作要做”

There'll be so much to do", so that's a backlog.

所以这就是积压的工作

Okay, we'll move on to the next few examples.

我们继续看接下来的几个例子

Okay, so you'll see I am now carrying my backpack to illustrate the next sentence.

你看到我拿着我的包来说明下一个句子

So, let's see what it is.

那么，让我们看看它是什么。

"He is going to backpack around India."

“他将要背着背包环印旅行”

Okay?

好的？

And that's what you do if you're travelling just with a pack on your back like this, so

这就是你做的事情，如果你正在像这样只背着一个背包旅行

you're travelling very light and you're just getting buses, you're walking, you're maybe

所以你带着很轻的负担旅行，并且你乘公交，或走路

getting rides in cars and lorries, backpack.

你可能带着包搭汽车或货车的便车

And this...

和这个...

This is all that you have with you.

并且这就是你携带的所有物品

No suitcases or anything like that.

没有行李箱之类的东西

So, it's a very popular way of travelling if you're feeling quite brave and you're happy

所以这是一种非常流行的旅行方式 如果你感到你足够勇敢

just to go day to day seeing different places.

并且你开心每天见到不同的地方

Okay, so that's a backpack.

所以这就是背着背包旅行

Right.

对。

Okay.

好的。

And next sentence...

而下句...

Now, this is a little bit rude.

下一个句子有一点粗鲁

So sometimes I hear people saying this word: "backside" because they've put "back" and

有时我听人们说“后面的地方”这个词（其实就是屁股）

"side" together, and because English is not their first language, they don't realize that

因为他们把“后面”和“地方”两个词放在一起 并且英语不是他们的母语

"backside" as one word has a very specific meaning.

他们不知道这个词是一个有着特殊意义的词

Okay.

好的。

And it's actually your bottom.

它实际上就是你的屁股

Right.

对。

Bottom.

屁股

Or some people even say "B-T-M" without saying the word.

有些人甚至说“BTM” 不说出这个词

BTM, bottom.

BTM，屁股

"Backside" has this particular meaning, and it's slightly slang, a little bit rude.

“背面”有这个特别的意义， 它稍微俚语，有点粗鲁。

You don't generally use it in polite society, so you have to be careful who you are with

你一般不在礼貌的场合使用这个词 所以当你使用这个词的时候

when you use it.

你需要注意你和谁在一起

If you're with friends, it's probably okay.

如果和朋友一起，那可能没关系

So, here: "She fell down on her backside!"

所以这个句子：“她跌在地上屁股着地”

Could be painful.

会很痛

Okay?

好的？

That's what it means.

这就是这句话的意思

She fell down on her bottom.

她摔到了她的屁股。

Another word we use: "posterior", but that's a very...

另一个词我们使用：“尻”， 但是这是一个非常...

Oh, elite word that comes from Latin.

精英词 来自拉丁文。

"Posterior", but it's a bit of a jokey word as well.

“尻”，但它是一个有点 玩笑化的词。

So, okay.

那么，好吧。

All these different words.

所有这些不同的词。

"Backside", be careful how you use it.

“屁股”，注意你如何使用它

Right.

对。

Now, next one, if someone is trying to explain something to you that's really complicated

现在，下一个，如果有人尝试给你解释很复杂的事情

and you have to concentrate very hard, and then at some point you think:

而且你必须非常努力的集中精力 但有时你想

"I don't understand this.

“我不明白这一点。

I need this person to start again from the beginning, and see if I understand it next time."

我需要这个人从重新开始 看看我下一次是否明白“。

So you can say:

所以，你可以说：

"I've lost the thread of your explanation",

“我跟不上你的解释了”，

the thread, it's like a piece of cotton.

思路，它像 棉片。

Cotton that you sew with.

你在缝的棉。

And as they're explaining, you have this sort of idea of a thread, but if you sort of lose

而在他们解释的时候，你有这种思路，但如果你有点失去

your concentration, you can say:

你的注意力，你可以说：

"I've lost the thread of your explanation - can we backtrack, please?"

“我已经跟不上你解释的思路了 - 我们可以回到刚刚那步吗“？

Meaning: Can we go back?

意思是：我们能回去吗？

Tracks are like a train is on tracks, so if you backtrack, you're going back along some

踪迹像一列火车在轨道上，因此如果 你原路返回，你就是在一些轨道上

tracks.

回去。

Back to the beginning of the explanation and try again to understand.

回到解释的开始 并再次尝试理解。

So, to backtrack.

因此，原路返回。

Right.

Now, if there is an incident, people on the street fighting or somebody stealing something

就是这样。

现在，如果有事故发生，人们巷战 或有人偷东西

from a shop, the policeman...

从商店，警察...

One policeman on his own is not always the best way of dealing with it.

一个警察自己对付显然不是解决这件事的好办法

You need more than one for safety.

你需要不止一个警察来保证你的安全

So, often: "The policeman"-on his own-"had to call for backup", meaning for support,

所以，常常“单独的警察“需要呼叫请求帮助， 意思是需要支持

for more policemen to come and policewomen maybe.

为了更多的男警察或者可能是女警察

Why not?

为什么不？

To come and help because it's too much for one person to deal with.

来帮忙，因为对一个人来说解决这件事太困难

So, "to call for backup" is to call for extra people to come and help.

所以，“呼吁支援”是调用 额外的人来帮忙。

Okay?

好的？

And then finally, if you imagine you're doing a building project, maybe it's an old house

然后最后，如果你想像你正在做 建筑项目，也许这是一个老房子

that you have bought and you want to modernize it, but as you start working you find that

你买了，你想现代化 它，但是当你开始工作，你会发现

you have to get rid of a lot of things, you have to take the plaster off the walls, there

你必须摆脱的东西很多，你 必须把墙上的灰泥弄下来，还有

are all sorts of problems.

种种问题。

It's as if you're almost demolishing the house before you can rebuild it.

这是就像如果你拆了这栋房子，然后才能重建。

So, you can say: "I think we're going backwards rather than forwards with this building project!"

所以，你可以说：“我认为我们在这个建筑项目上 不是在前进而是在后退！”

We're having to go backwards, take it back before we can start building again.

我们不得不往回走，把它 回来之前，我们可以重新开始建设。

Bring it down almost to the ground before we can start building it up again as a nice

在我们开始把它建造成一个美丽的现代住宅之前把它几乎夷为平地

modern house.

。

So, "backwards" you can use in all sorts of context.

所以，“倒退”，你可以使用 在各种情况下的。

If I'm walking backwards, I'm going like that, obviously.

如果我倒着走，我 像这样做，很明显。

Forwards like that.

向前就这样。

Simple.

很简单。

Okay.

好的。

So, I hope these examples have been useful for you.

所以，我希望这些例子 一直对您有用。

If you'd like to do a quiz, please go to the website, www.engvid.com.

如果你想要做一个测验，请 去的网站，www.engvid.com。

And if you'd like to subscribe to my YouTube channel, that would be great.

如果你想订阅我的 YouTube频道，那将是巨大的。

And hope to see you again very soon.

并希望看到你 再次很快。

Okay.

好的。

Bye for now.

暂时再见。