14 ENGLISH IDIOMS & SAYINGS from food & drink

458,646 views ใƒป 2019-08-29

Learn English with Gill


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:01
I'm Gill at engVid, and today's lesson is on idioms and sayings which are based on references
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็งใฏ engVid ใฎ Gill ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใจใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
00:11
to food and drink.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:14
So, these are sayings that are sort of metaphorical, meaning they're not literally true, but they
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ
00:26
mean something in a different kind of context.
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
00:30
So, you'll see what I mean when we look at the examples.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
00:35
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:36
So, the first one is this, which is actually true literally, as well as metaphorically
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1 ใค็›ฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:46
perhaps, but it's: "There's no point crying over spilt milk."
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ใ€Œ ใ“ใผใ‚ŒใŸใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ˜†ใ„ใฆใ‚‚ไป•ๆ–นใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:54
So, if you spill...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใผใ—ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ
00:58
"To spill".
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ใ€Œใ“ใผใ™ใ€ใ€‚
01:01
If you drop the milk and it goes all over the floor, you've lost it; you can't use it,
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็‰›ไนณใ‚’่ฝใจใ— ใฆๅบŠไธ€้ขใซๅบƒใŒใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
01:10
and milk is...
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ใใ—ใฆ็‰›ไนณใฏ...
01:12
Well, milk costs money; it's inconvenient to lose some milk when you need it for your...
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ใพใ‚ใ€็‰›ไนณใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใซ็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใฎใฏไธไพฟใงใ™
01:21
To put in your coffee or whatever.
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... ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใชใฉใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
01:23
So, if you spill some milk, it's...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ“ใผใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
01:27
You know, I... if it happens to me, I feel annoyed and upset because I've wasted some
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... ใปใ‚‰ใ€็ง... ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆ ใชใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆๅ‹•ๆบ
01:37
milk which I needed, really, and you have to then go out and buy some more.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฒทใ†ใ€‚
01:45
And it makes a mess; you have to clean it up.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆททไนฑใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:48
If you don't clean it up properly, it goes bad and it starts to smell.
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ใใกใ‚“ใจๆŽƒ้™คใ— ใชใ„ใจใ€ใ‚ซใƒ“ใŒ็”ŸใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ใซใŠใ„ใŒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:54
So, there are all those things to think about.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
So...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆ
01:59
But then this saying is: "There's no point crying over spilt milk."
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ ใ“ใผใ‚ŒใŸใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใงๆณฃใ„ใฆใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
The idea is once it's spilt, you can't do anything about it - that's it, you just have
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€ๅบฆใ“ใผใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™-ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘
02:13
to get on, clean it up, carry on, go and buy some more or do without it; don't bother getting
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
any more, have your...
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02:22
Drink your tea without any milk in it - whatever it is.
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ใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใšใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„- ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€‚
02:28
So, this is what people say sometimes if someone's complaining and they're upset about something,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
02:38
people say that just to say: "Well, there's no point being upset about it.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:45
That doesn't achieve anything.
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ใ€‚
02:48
You've just got to move on and be positive; carry on and don't just be negative all the
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚‰ใš
02:54
time, saying: 'Oh, dear.
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ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:ใ€Œ
02:56
Oh, dear, isn't this terrible?'"
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใญใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ“ใจใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„?ใ€
02:59
The main thing is to do something positive about it, and not just cry...
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ใ€ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆณฃใใ ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„โ€ฆ
03:04
Crying when you spill the milk.
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ใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ“ใผใ™ใจๆณฃใใ€‚
03:08
There's no point.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:10
Okay, that's that one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
03:13
Then the next one, if you say: "That's not my cup of tea" or "That's not really my cup
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ ็งใฎใŠ่Œถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
03:21
of tea", it doesn't mean literally: "That's not my cup of tea; that's somebody else's
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็งใฎใŠ่Œถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:29
cup of tea."
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ใ€‚ "
03:31
What it means is that's not my taste.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅฅฝใฟใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใง
03:38
If somebody invites you to go to a film at the cinema, and maybe it's a horror film,
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ช˜ใ‚ใ‚Œ ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆ
03:46
and if you don't really like horror films, you probably don't want to go.
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ใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฅฝใใง ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:52
So, you say: "Oh, that's a horror film, isn't it?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ป ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
03:58
That's not really my cup of tea.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅฅฝใฟใง
04:00
I don't think so.
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:02
Tell me when there's a different kind of film on, and I might go to that with you, but horror
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ๅˆฅใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒไธŠๆ˜ ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใใกใ‚‰ใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใงใ‚‚ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผ
04:09
film - no, not my cup of tea."
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ - ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฎใŠ่Œถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
04:12
So it's just a saying that we have.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:15
"It's not my cup of tea.
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใŠ่Œถใง
04:17
It's not my taste; I don't enjoy that sort of thing."
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅฅฝใฟใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
04:20
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:22
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
04:23
So, next one, if someone is on the gravy train...
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใƒ“ใƒผ ใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
04:28
If someone said: "Oh, she's on the gravy train", it may be that someone has got a job, or maybe
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ๅ ดๅˆ... ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใƒ“ใƒผ ใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:37
it's like a politician sometimes - they get the kind of job where they earn a lot of money,
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ๅŽๅ…ฅใŒๅคšใใ€
04:45
they have the opportunity to go out for meals in restaurants quite a lot, and it's all paid
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ๅค–้ฃŸใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚‚ๅคšใ
04:54
for on their work expenses and so on.
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ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅ‡บ่ฒปใชใฉใงใพใ‹ใชใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
So, if you're on the gravy train...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‚‰ๆฑๅˆ—่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
05:02
The "gravy" is the kind of sauce that you put on your food.
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... ใ€Œ่‚‰ๆฑใ€ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ไธ€็จฎใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใงใ™.
05:08
In English cooking, it's a kind of brown sauce; it could have beef flavour in it or chicken
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝๆ–™็†ใงใฏใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰›่‚‰ใฎ้ขจๅ‘ณใ‚„้ถ่‚‰ใฎ้ขจๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
05:18
flavour, but it's hot liquid, quite thick.
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ใŒใ€็†ฑใ„ๆถฒไฝ“ใงใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๆฟƒๅŽšใงใ™ใ€‚
05:22
It's a bit like a soup, and you pour it on your meal with...
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚นใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆณจใŽใพใ™.
05:28
If you have a meat and vegetable meal, you can pour gravy onto it to give you a kind
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่‚‰ใจ้‡Ž่œใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ่‚‰ๆฑใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใซๆณจใŽ
05:35
of sauce to add to your food.
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ใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€็จฎใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
05:39
So, it's the idea of sort of rich food and something nice to eat.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ่ฑŠใ‹ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉ ใจ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใงใ™.
05:45
So, if someone is on the gravy train, it means they're in a position where they can have
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒผใƒ“ใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰
05:51
a really nice time and lots of nice things to eat, and generally not have to worry about
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ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใŠ้‡‘ใชใฉใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„็ซ‹ๅ ดใซใ‚ใ‚‹
05:59
money and so on.
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
06:03
So, that's that one.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
06:05
Okay, next one: "He knows which side his bread is buttered."
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ๅดใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅก—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
06:14
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:16
So, if you think of a slice of bread...
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ใงใ€้ฃŸใƒ‘ใƒณใจใ„ใˆใฐ
06:20
There's a slice of bread.
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โ€ฆ ้ฃŸใƒ‘ใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
And if you put butter on your bread...
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ใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅก—ใฃใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ
06:26
You...
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ใ‚ใ‚“ใŸโ€ฆ
06:27
I think you only put it on one side usually, don't you?
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ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€็‰‡้ขใ—ใ‹ๅก—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ ๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:32
If you put butter on both sides, it would get very messy because you'd be putting the
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ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไธก้ขใซ ็ฝฎใใจใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:40
butter down onto the plate, it would stick to the plate - you know, not a good idea.
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ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใซใใฃใคใ„ ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:47
So, usually you put butter on one side of your bread, there.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใฎ็‰‡้ขใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’็ฝฎใ ใพใ™.
06:54
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:55
So, one side is buttered; has butter on it, and the other side is not buttered.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็‰‡้ขใฏใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†็‰‡้ขใฏใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅก—ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:04
So, I think we all know if we have butter on our bread, we can see which side is buttered;
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅก—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ้ขใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅก—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:13
there's no difficulty there.
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ใใ“ใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:15
But this is not literal; this is metaphorical.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:19
So, if somebody knows which side his bread is buttered, that means he knows...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใŒใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅก—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...
07:29
If he has a job in an organization, he knows who the important people are, and he knows
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ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใŒ็ต„็น”ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผ ใฏ้‡่ฆใชไบบใ€…ใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ชฐ
07:40
who the less important people are, and he won't waste any time with the less important
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ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผ ใฏๅ‹ใกใพใ™. ้‡่ฆๆ€งใฎไฝŽใ„ไบบใ€…ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
07:48
people.
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ใ€‚
07:51
He just wants to spend time with the more important people because they have more power
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใชไบบใ€…ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅคงใใชๅŠ›
07:56
and influence, so this is someone who is rather calculating, you could call it.
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ใจๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:10
If someone is calculating, they work out in an organization: "Who is the best person to
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏ็ต„็น”ใง
08:19
socialize with?" for example.
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ๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
08:20
And who... who...
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ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใŒ...่ชฐใŒ...
08:22
"Some people I wouldn't waste my time with because they don't have any power in the organization."
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ใ€Œ ็ต„็น”ๅ†…ใงไฝ•ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚‚ๆŒใŸใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใŒไธ€็ท’ใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใŸใใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:30
It's not a very nice attitude, but there are people like that.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใใ†ใ„ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:36
So, that kind of person who is calculating about who they're nice to and who they don't
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ชฐใซ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ€่ชฐใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่จˆ็ฎ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใฏ
08:44
have time for - they are the people who know which side their bread is buttered.
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ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใŒใฉใกใ‚‰ๅดใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅก—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™.
08:53
They know who to, you know... who to talk to, who to spend time with for their advantage.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€่ชฐใจ่ฉฑ ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ€่ชฐใจๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:03
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
09:04
So, and then another bread and butter one, but this is quite different.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
09:10
If you say: "This job is my bread and butter", it means this job is what I rely on for my
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ็งใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใŠ้‡‘ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ้ ผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
09:22
money.
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ใพใ™.
09:23
My food... bread and butter is sort of basic food.
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็งใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏ... ใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใงใ™.
09:29
Well, bread is basic food; butter is a bit of a luxury, but I suppose it's meant to mean
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฃใฆ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่ด…ๆฒขใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎ
09:36
that.
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ใ‹ใชใ€‚
09:37
Bread is the basic stuff; butter is a bit more luxury.
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ด…ๆฒขใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
If you have a bit of extra money, you will buy some butter.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:46
So, you have your job to earn your money to buy your food and all your needs; it's to
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใไป•ไบ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
09:55
do with survival.
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ใฏ็”Ÿๅญ˜ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:57
So, survival.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็”Ÿๅญ˜ใ€‚
10:00
Having...
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹...
10:02
Having enough money to live on.
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็”Ÿๆดปใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
10:04
So, if you have a job which gives you money to live on, to survive.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใใŸใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใ’ใ‚‹ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€‚
10:11
So, that's what people say: "This job is my bread and butter.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ็งใฎ ใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
10:15
I need it."
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็งใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:18
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:19
Okay, so now we've had the bread and the butter, now we've got the jam.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผ ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:25
So, if someone says, like with a question mark and with an exclamation mark as well,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒใƒงใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚„ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒกใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
10:34
it looks rather extreme, but this is said in a sort of sarcastic way.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆฅต็ซฏใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไธ€็จฎใฎ็šฎ่‚‰ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™.
10:41
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:43
So, if someone is asking for something and you give them what they want, and then they
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
10:51
want something more and you give them that, and then they still want more, it's as if
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ๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใพใ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฌฒใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:58
they are never satisfied.
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ใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ๆฑบใ—ใฆๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™.
11:00
Some people are never satisfied, and they...
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ€…ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๆบ€่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
11:03
You give them one thing and they want another.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:08
Sometimes that's good; it depends whether it's convenient for you or not, but you can
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ƒฝๅˆใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅˆฅใจใ—ใฆใ€
11:15
say sarcastically to someone like that: "Do you want jam on it?!" or "Do you want jam
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใ‚‚ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™
11:22
on it, too?!"
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ใ‹๏ผŸ๏ผใ€
11:24
You know, meaning: "You know, how much more are you going to want?
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใจใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ 
11:29
It's enough to have bread and butter without adding jam as well."
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ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ ใ‘ใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:37
Jam is sort of a lot extra.
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไฝ™ๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:41
You know, so: "Do you want jam on it?!" or "Do you want jam on it, too?!" said in a sarcastic
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?!ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใ‚‚ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ๏ผใ€ ใจ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ่จ€ใฃ
11:50
way.
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ใŸใ€‚
11:52
Or you...
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ...
11:53
Or someone might say: "You want jam on it, too, don't you!?
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ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ ใญ!?
11:57
You want jam on it, too!"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„!ใ€
11:59
You're the sort of person who always wants more.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎไบบใงใ™ ใ€‚
12:03
Okay, so that's that one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
12:07
And then, finally for this first half of the lesson, if: "They're cherry picking examples
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ‰ๅŠใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
12:16
to support their argument", if people are cherry picking examples, if they're trying
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้ฉๅฝ“ใชไพ‹ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ ้ฉๅฝ“ใชไพ‹ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
12:24
to argue about maybe climate change or something to do with finance, banking, any big sort
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ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ้‡‘่žใ€้Š€่กŒๆฅญใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅคงใใช
12:37
of political issue, really - people have to use examples to support their argument.
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅ•้กŒใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ - ไบบใ€…ใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
12:46
But the idea is they should really find a lot of different examples to get a wide picture
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็Šถๆณ ใฎๅ…จไฝ“ๅƒใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใงใ™
12:56
of the situation.
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ใ€‚
12:58
But sometimes people find an example which doesn't fit their argument; it doesn't fit
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธปๅผตใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉๅˆ
13:11
and it doesn't support their argument.
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ใ›ใšใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:14
So, what do they do sometimes?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:16
They decide: "I'm not going to use that example because it doesn't help; it might go the opposite
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚้€†ใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:23
way."
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13:24
So...
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ใใ‚Œใง...
13:25
But then they find all the examples they can to support their argument, but if they find
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‚’
13:30
a few that don't support it, they will leave those out; not mention them at all.
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ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใชใ„ไพ‹ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้™คๅค–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใพใฃใŸใ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใใ‚‰ใ‚“ใผใฏๆœจใซ็”Ÿใˆใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใช่ตคใ„ๅฎŸใช
13:36
So, that's called "cherry picking" because cherries are these little red fruits that
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ•ใใ‚‰ใ‚“ใผ็‹ฉใ‚Šใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐ
13:45
grow on trees.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:48
Cherries.
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ใ•ใใ‚‰ใ‚“ใผใ€‚
13:50
So, cherry picking is just taking a small piece of fruit, like that.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒชใƒผใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆžœ็‰ฉใฎๅฐใ•ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
13:58
So, it's selective.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ธๆŠž็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:59
It's being selective.
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ๅŽณ้ธไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
14:05
So, if you want to give a balanced view of something, you might find examples from both
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎๅ–ใ‚ŒใŸ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
14:13
sides to show, you know, for and against climate change, for example.
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ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซ่ณ›ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใจๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎไธกๆ–นใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:21
But if someone wants to really prove their point, they're going to leave out the examples
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’้™คๅค–ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
14:26
that don't fit that.
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.
14:29
Okay, so that's the first half of our lesson, and let's move on now to the second part.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ‰ๅŠใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใฏๅพŒๅŠใซ ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:35
Okay, so let's look at the second set of seven idioms.
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ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ 7 ใคใฎใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
14:41
So, first of all, we have this one: "She wants her share of the cake."
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ€Œ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎๅˆ†ใ‘ๅ‰ใ‚’ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:49
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:50
And it's similar to the second one: "He wants his slice of the pie."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ ๅฝผใฏใƒ‘ใ‚คใฎใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€
14:56
So, in both of these, if you think of a circular cake or pie, and usually you cut...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใงใ€ๅ††ๅฝขใฎ ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚„ใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใพใ™..
15:09
You cut it up into pieces, like that, and you share it.
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15:16
You share it among some people, different people.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบบใ€…ใฎ้–“ใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:21
And you have a slice - that's a slice; a section of the pie or the cake.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ - ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใ‚คใพใŸใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎไธ€้ƒจใ€‚
15:29
So, this is about people wanting their part of something.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€… ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
15:35
So, it can be literal; it could be literally true.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒชใƒ†ใƒฉใƒซใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
15:40
There is a cake there or there is a pie, and everybody wants to have a piece of it-okay-which
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ใ‚ใใ“ใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‹ใƒ‘ใ‚คใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ ใฟใ‚“ใชใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹-ๅคงไธˆๅคซ-ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„
15:49
is fine.
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ใ€‚
15:52
But also it can be used metaphorically just to mean that somebody wants part of something
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
16:02
that's going on or they want to benefit in some way from something.
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใงๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ .
16:08
They don't want to be left out.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ–ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:11
The idea of being left out.
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ๅ–ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ€‚
16:17
If everybody else is having a piece of pie or cake, or they're taking part in a meeting
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒใƒ‘ใ‚ค ใ‚„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ€ไผš่ญฐ
16:25
or something at work, people feel that they should be involved; not be left out.
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ใ‚„่ทๅ ดใงไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ† ใ‚‚ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ในใใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ–ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:34
They think: "Well, why are those people in there having a meeting, and not me?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
16:39
Why not me?"
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่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:40
So this is when people feel left out and they want to make sure that they get their share
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใŒๅ–ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆ†ใ‚‚็ขบๅฎŸใซๅพ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™
16:48
as well.
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ใ€‚
16:50
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:52
Next one, if you say someone was "as nice as pie", it's not the same as having a share
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ๆฌกใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚คใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆ†ใ‘ๅ‰ใ‚„ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:02
or a slice.
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ใ€‚
17:04
If someone is as nice as pie...
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ‘ใ‚คใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ„ไบบใชใ‚‰...
17:06
Well, pie is nice, I think.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚คใฏใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:11
Most people like to eat a piece of pie; it's nice, something with a nice pastry on it,
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒšใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใŒไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
17:19
and with nice fruit inside or meat or something.
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ไธญใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„่‚‰ใชใฉใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:24
Pie is nice to eat.
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ใƒ‘ใ‚คใฏใ‚ˆใ้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
17:26
I think most people like it.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:28
So, if someone is as nice as pie, it means that they're nice, pleasant, polite, and so
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ‘ใ‚คใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใชใฉใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
17:39
on.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:41
It may be that you were expecting the person not to be nice, especially if maybe you're
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฌใ‚‰ ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใซใ€
17:50
having to apologize to somebody for something and you think that they're going to be angry
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็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ ใซ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ็‰นใซใใ†ใงใ™
17:57
about something.
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ใ€‚
17:59
And then when you do go to talk to them and say: "Oh, I'm sorry about something", and
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
18:06
they're really nice about it and it's unexpected, you think they might tell you, you know, how
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใงใ—ใŸ.
18:13
annoyed they are or something, or they might be a bit unfriendly.
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ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:18
But if they're really nice about it, you can say: "Oh, it was all okay.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
18:23
She was as nice as pie about it."
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใฃใŸ.
18:28
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:29
So it can be in a situation where you were not expecting the person to be nice, but then
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎไบบใŒใ„ใ„ไบบใ ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใ„ใ„ไบบใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†็Šถๆณใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
18:35
they were.
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ใ€‚
18:37
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:40
So, then moving on to apples.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:44
So, if: "There's one rotten apple in the barrel"...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๆจฝใฎไธญใซ่…ใฃใŸใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ
18:51
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:52
So the barrel is a container, like that.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒฌใƒซใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒŠใงใ™ใ€‚
18:59
It's often made of wood with sort of metal strips holding it, like that.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœจใงใงใใฆใ„ใฆใ€้‡‘ๅฑž ็‰‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงๆ”ฏใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:07
And you might put apples in it to store them.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆไฟ็ฎกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:12
So, you have a barrel full of apples.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใฎๆจฝใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:18
But if one of them is rotten...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใŒ่…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ...
19:21
"Rotten" - you can pronounce that either with the "t" sound or without, by the way.
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ใ€Œ่…ใฃใŸใ€- ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ไป˜ใ‘ใชใใฆใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:25
You could say: "Ro'en", "ro'en" or "rotten", "rotten".
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ใ€ŒRo'enใ€ใ€ใ€Œro'enใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่…ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่…ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:30
I think both are correct.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:35
So, if you have an apple...
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ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐโ€ฆ
19:39
There's the apple, there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:44
And it's a nice red apple.
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ใใ—ใฆ็ถบ้บ—ใช็œŸใฃ่ตคใชใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:46
And it might have a bit of...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...
19:47
A bit of green on it, which is fine as well.
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ใใฎไธŠใซๅฐ‘ใ—็ท‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:54
But if you have a bit of black, there, and it's gone soft...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้ป’ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™...
20:08
And it's brown, really, more brown than black, except I don't have a brown marker here, so
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ่Œถ่‰ฒใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้ป’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่Œถ่‰ฒใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ่Œถ่‰ฒใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใชใ„ใฎใง
20:14
I'm having to improvise with black.
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ใ€้ป’ใงๅณ่ˆˆใงๆผ”ๅฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
20:20
That was my fault for not getting a brown marker.
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่Œถ่‰ฒใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใฏ็งใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
20:24
So, if there's a black bit or a brown bit on an apple, and it's soft and you think:
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใซ้ป’ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚„่Œถ่‰ฒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใฆใ€
20:34
"Oh, dear, that's gone a bit...
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใชใใชใฃใŸ...
20:37
That's a bit old, that apple", you might cut that piece off and eat the rest, or you may
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅคใ„ใญใ€ใ‚ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’
20:43
not feel like eating any of it because of the black bit.
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้ป’ใ„ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซ้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ .
20:47
So, that is "rotten".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่…ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:50
If the food has gone bad it's rotten.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๆ‚ชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰่…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:54
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:55
But the problem is if you have one apple like that in a barrel down here and it's got the
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎๆจฝใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒ1ใคใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใฎไธŠใซ
21:03
black bit on it, like that, and then you've got lots of other apples in the barrel which
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้ป’ใ„ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ๆจฝใฎไธญใซไป–ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹
21:11
are okay, they're not going to stay okay for long because the rotten bit, the bad bit has
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“. ่…ใฃใŸใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏ
21:23
bacteria in it and that will spread.
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ใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:28
It will spread right through the barrel.
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ใƒใƒฌใƒซๅ…จไฝ“ใซๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:36
If you don't notice and take the bad apple out, it will affect all the others.
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ๆ‚ชใ„ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใšใซๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ‘ใฐ ใ€ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
21:41
So, this is the literal meaning of course, but it can apply metaphorically to...
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซ้ฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™...
21:48
Well, a group of people perhaps.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—.
21:53
Nice people, but there's one person who's not so nice, and sometimes if that person
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ใ„ใ„ไบบใŸใก ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„ไบบใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
22:00
is not so nice they can influence the other people to be a bit like them.
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ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
22:08
So, it can spread to other people if you don't stop seeing that person or whatever it is.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎไบบใ‚„ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
22:19
So: "There's one rotten apple in the barrel."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆจฝใฎไธญใซ่…ใฃใŸใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
22:22
In a company, for example, there may be one person who's a bit problematic; a bit of a
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไผš็คพใซใฏ ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ•้กŒใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ 1 ไบบใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—
22:29
problem, and you could say it for that - they're marvelous people, but there's just one person
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ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไบบใŸใกใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใŒ1ไบบใ ใ‘
22:37
who's not so...
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22:39
Not so positive, perhaps, who might affect other people eventually if they stay there.
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ใ„ใพใ™.
22:48
Okay, that's that one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
22:52
And then this one: "There's something fishy going on".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ๆ€ชใ—ใ„ ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:59
"Fish", you know fish?
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ใ€Œ้ญšใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ญšใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:04
Fish.
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้ญšใ€‚
23:06
That's a fish.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ญšใงใ™ใ€‚
23:07
So, "fishy"...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ้ญš่‡ญใ„ใ€...
23:09
Well, fish smell, so this is to do with the smell of fish because if there's some fish
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ใพใ‚ใ€้ญšใฎใซใŠใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ญšใฎใซใŠใ„ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆ
23:17
around, you can usually smell it; you notice it.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:23
So, when this is used...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ...
23:25
Well, this is used metaphorically to say something...
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
23:29
There's something going on.
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...ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ้ญš
23:32
There's a strange atmosphere - that's the smell of the fish.
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ใฎๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ไธๆ€่ญฐใช้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ— ใ€‚
23:36
There's a strange atmosphere.
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็•ฐๆง˜ใช้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒๆผ‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:38
People are planning something and you don't know what it is.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:43
It may be just that it's your birthday soon and they're planning a surprise party.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใง ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ตใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:48
I mean, that's great.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:50
But something fishy, it makes you suspicious.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ€ชใ—ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:55
So, suspicious.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
24:00
And you think: "What's going on?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸไฝ•ใ‹
24:02
You know, something fishy.
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24:04
Something a bit unusual, a bit strange.
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ๆ€ชใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸ
24:07
It's not the normal atmosphere."
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ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
24:10
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
24:11
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
24:12
Next one, so: "One man's meat is another man's poison."
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ่‚‰ใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใฎ ๆฏ’ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
24:19
That's the traditional phrase.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไผ็ตฑ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:22
To make it equal, sometimes people say: "One person's meat is another person's poison"
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ๅนณ็ญ‰ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ ไบบใฎ่‚‰ใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใฎๆฏ’ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
24:31
to avoid gender bias.
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ใ€‚
24:36
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
24:38
So, if one person likes meat, but another person - that meat to them is like poison;
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ่‚‰ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€ๅˆฅใฎไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใฎ่‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใจใฃใฆๆฏ’ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
24:49
something really bad that makes them ill.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’็—…ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ชใ„ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
24:52
So, this is just something to do with taste, again.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ‘ณใจ้–ขไฟ‚ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:59
It's like when we had earlier: "Not my cup of tea", so this is a similar one to that.
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉใฎใ€ŒNot my cup of teaใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใซไผผใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
25:06
"That's not my cup of tea."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใŠ่Œถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
25:08
So: "One man's meat"-which is that person really enjoys and it's good for them; makes
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œไธ€ไบบใฎ่‚‰ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ€ไฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
25:15
them strong and healthy-"is another man's poison" - that person may be allergic to it
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅผทใๅฅๅบทใซใ—ใพใ™-ใ€Œไป–ใฎไบบใฎ ๆฏ’ใงใ™ใ€-ใใฎไบบใฏใใ‚Œใซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
25:23
or they just don't like the taste, or anything.
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ใ‹ใ€ๅ‘ณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
25:27
But it can apply in any...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๅ ด้ขใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™
25:31
In any context.
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... ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
25:32
So, you might say, again, with the horror film invitation.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
25:37
Some people love horror films, and then other people don't like them, so you can apply it
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ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใŒ ๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅซŒใ„ใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡
25:44
to that.
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ใ†ใ€‚
25:45
"I'm not going to the horror film because I don't like them.
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ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฏๅฅฝใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰่กŒใ‹ ใชใ„
25:49
My friend loves them", so that just shows one person's meat is another person's poison,
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ใ€‚ๅ‹้”ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ่‚‰ใŒๅˆฅใฎไบบใฎๆฏ’ใง
25:56
so it fits that kind of context.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:00
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
26:01
And then finally, I hope you don't do this to me because if you "take what someone says
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใปใ—ใ„ใจ้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„
26:10
with a pinch of salt" it means you don't believe what they tell you.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:16
I always try to speak the truth and to give you as much information as I can; accurate.
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็งใฏๅธธใซ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใ€ ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็ขบใ€‚
26:25
But if you...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...
26:27
If you take what someone says with a pinch of salt...
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฒใจใคใพใฟใฎๅกฉใงๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ ...
26:31
So, this is a pinch, when you put your fingers together.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆŒ‡ใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ”ใƒณใƒใงใ™ ใ€‚
26:36
So if you take a little bit of salt, the grains of salt with your fingers - that's a pinch
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅกฉใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ–ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ๆŒ‡ใงๅกฉใฎ็ฒ’ - ใใ‚Œ
26:45
of salt.
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ใŒใฒใจใคใพใฟใฎๅกฉใงใ™ใ€‚
26:46
People do that when they want to put a little bit of salt on their food; they might pick
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๅกฉใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจใใซใใ†ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
26:51
it out of a dish and then do that with their fingers, and sprinkle it over their food.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็šฟใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€ ๆŒ‡ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎไธŠใซๆŒฏใ‚Šใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
26:58
So, that's a pinch of salt.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅกฉใฎใƒ”ใƒณใƒใงใ™ใ€‚
27:02
But that has come to mean not believing what somebody tells you.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ .
27:09
So: "I take what he says with a pinch of salt."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไธ€ใคใพใฟใฎๅกฉใงๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
27:13
If that person has told you something in the past and you believed him, and then you find
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ใใฎไบบใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„
27:19
out that it wasn't true or it wasn't entirely true, then you're a little bit more careful
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ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
27:26
next time he tells you something, and you don't feel like believing him, so you're taking
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ๆฌกใซๅฝผใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
27:35
what he says with a pinch of salt.
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ๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎๅกฉใงๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
27:39
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
27:40
Right, so those are our 14 idioms using food and drink as a metaphor.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใฃใŸ 14 ใฎใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ  ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:48
So, I hope you found that useful and interesting.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ‰็”จใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
27:52
Maybe it's taught you some new vocabulary as well.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ .
27:56
So, if you'd like to go to the website: www.engvid.com, there's a quiz there on this topic.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:03
And thanks for watching, and see you again soon.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
28:07
Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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