Free English Class! ๐Ÿ—จ๏ธ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿ—ซ Topic: Talking About Other People (Lesson Only)

86,225 views ใƒป 2022-02-20

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Well hello and welcome to this English lesson where I'm going
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
00:03
to talk about how to talk about other people or more
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:07
specifically I'm going to talk about the types of ways you can
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ
00:12
talk about other people. I think you'll get a good
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ็จฎ้กžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ ๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:15
understanding as we get into the lesson. Um there are
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ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆฅใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ไผš่ฉฑ
00:18
obviously a lot of ways to have a conversation where you talk
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ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:23
about a different person. And there are many many different
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไผš่ฉฑ ใซใฏๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
00:26
types of conversations like that. Um it might sound like a
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:31
random topic. It might sound like a very specific topic. But
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ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
00:35
all of the 35 or so words actually let me see here. Maybe
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ใ€35ใ‹ใใ“ใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใซใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“
00:39
30 words are very very common in English. You'll hear these
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30่ชžใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:43
words on the news. You'll hear these words in conversations.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:47
To gossip. So when you gossip about someone else. It means
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ใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใซใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ†ใ‚ใ•่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:52
you talk about them and you say things about them that might be
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:57
true and might not be true. Gossip as a noun is considered
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็œŸๅฎŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—
01:01
not a very polite thing. When you gossip with someone. Notice
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
01:06
I can say those two people are gossiping. Or that person was
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ไบบใŒใ†ใ‚ใ•่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใใฎไบบใฏ
01:11
just spreading gossip. I can use it as a verb and then as a
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ใŸใ ใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:14
noun. But gossip is when you just simply say did you hear
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใจๅ˜็ด”ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ
01:17
about Joe? Joe lost his job. Joe was I mean and it makes
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎ
01:21
sense you know because like I totally don't think he's a good
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝผใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใ ใจใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:24
worker. So when you gossip about someone you talk about
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ†ใ‚ใ•่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
01:28
something that's happened in their life. Not with them. So
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ใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใง่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจไธ€็ท’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
01:33
if we're if we're talking about gossip Joe is over here and
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ใ€ใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ
01:37
then I'm over here with another person talking about Joe saying
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎ ไบบใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
01:42
things like oh Joe I'm not surprised Joe lost his job
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‰ๅ›žใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ใŸใฎใง ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใฎใฏ้ฉšใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:46
because last time I worked with Joe he just sat around all the
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ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅบงใฃใฆ
01:50
time. That would be saying mean things about someone or
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ใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚„ใ†ใ‚ใ•่ฉฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:53
gossiping. And sometimes people just tell secrets. Um they'll
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใŸใ ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
01:58
trust someone So if I was to tell Brent speak English with
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒ ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใซใ“ใฎ็”ทใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
02:04
this guy. If I was to tell Brent a secret via email. And
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ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใง็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:08
then if Brent was to tell everyone in the chat the secret
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใŒใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใฎๅ…จๅ“กใซ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใฏ ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’
02:11
Brent would be telling a secret. When you tell a secret
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ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
02:14
or when you reveal a secret of someone it's not a very nice
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ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‹ใ™ใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„
02:18
thing to do. I know a long time ago I told a friend a secret
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ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใšใฃใจ ๅ‰ใซๅ‹ไบบใซ็ง˜ๅฏ†
02:22
and I said keep this secret. And then that friend later went
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ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏๅพŒใง่กŒใฃใฆ
02:27
and told the secret to other people. That was not very very
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใซ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
02:31
nice. You can talk behind someone's back. This is similar
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:35
to gossip but it's a little meaner I think when you talk
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ใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ— ๆ„ๅœฐๆ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
behind someone's back it means that they cannot hear the
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:42
conversation. It means that you're saying something to
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป–ใฎไบบใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใฆ
02:46
another person and the person you're talking about can't hear
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ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
02:50
you. That sounded very complicated. If you look at
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ค‡้›‘ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:53
this picture you can see that there are some people in the
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ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๅปŠไธ‹ใซไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:57
hallway having a conversation. And I'm imagining Talking about
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒ
03:01
someone in the room and that person in the room can't hear
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎใใฎ ไบบใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
03:05
them. So we would say that they are talking behind that
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใใฎไบบใฎๅพŒใ‚ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆ
03:08
person's back. Talking behind their back. The opposite of
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅๅฏพใฏ
03:14
course would be to say something to someone's face.
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ้ก”ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
Sometimes you're annoyed with someone and so you tell a
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
03:20
friend that you're annoyed with them. But sometimes you're so
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹้”ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚
03:23
annoyed. You just tell them to their face. You go right up to
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ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ก”ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใใ€
03:27
them and you say Joe you're not a good worker. Or Joe I don't
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ็งใฏ
03:31
like working with you. That would be saying something to
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ้ก”ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:34
someone's face. Or telling them to their face. There's a few
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ก”ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:38
variations on that phrase. So technically this doesn't belong
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไป–ใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•
03:43
in this lesson because it's not a way to talk about other
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ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใฏๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:46
people. It's a way to tell someone directly something that
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
03:50
you don't like about what they're doing or what they have
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
03:54
said. And then of course there's just to lie. When you
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่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซ็›ดๆŽฅไผใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใใ‚’ใคใใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:58
lie about someone you say something that isn't true. This
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
04:02
is probably the meanest and most basic form of talking
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ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ไป–ใฎไบบ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ‘ๅŠฃใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใงใ™
04:06
about another person. If you say let's say Joe is a good
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:10
worker. And you work with Joe and you tell someone that Joe
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ
04:14
isn't a good worker. You are telling a lie. Not a very kind
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ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ†ใใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡
04:18
or polite thing to do. Uh lying about someone else or making up
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ใงใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅ
04:23
something about someone that's another way to say it. It's
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ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใง่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
04:26
just not kind. That's why this megaphone says untruths. So as
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ใฏ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ ใƒกใ‚ฌใƒ›ใƒณใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:31
he speaks into the megaphone lies are coming out the other
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ๅฝผใŒใƒกใ‚ฌใƒ›ใƒณใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฎ็ซฏใซๅ˜˜ใŒๅ‡บใฆใ
04:35
end. To spread rumours. So here's an interesting one
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ™‚ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใง
04:39
because it's similar to talking behind someone's back. Um it's
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่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“
04:44
similar in a way to gossiping. Um but when you spread rumours
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ใ€ใ†ใ‚ใ•่ฉฑใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ™‚ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
04:49
sometimes you say something about someone and you
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ๆ™‚ใ€…่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
04:53
exaggerate the truth or you tell lies when you spread
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ใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ™‚ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใŸใจใใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™
04:57
rumours. So let's say Joe. Joe's the example for all of
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ
05:03
these today. Let's say Joe got home from work really really
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้…ใไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:07
late. You could say oh I think Joe was like do something he
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏใ€ๅฝผ
05:13
wasn't supposed to do. Joe is home late for work. So there's
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ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆๅฎถใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:17
a little bit of truth there that Joe is home late for work.
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ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒไป•ไบ‹ใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆๅธฐๅฎ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็œŸๅฎŸใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:20
But then you might add a lie to it. So you might tell someone
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:23
else something about Joe that's true and add a bit of a lie.
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ— ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:27
But when you spread rumours they're very negative you're
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ™‚ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹
05:32
spreading negative things about someone and it's not a very
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ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚
05:35
kind thing to do. To criticize. So when you criticize someone
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่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹
05:40
you can criticize someone in a Like I could talk to someone
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ใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็งใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใฆๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
05:46
and be critical and criticize them. But I could also be
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—
05:50
critical of someone when I'm talking about them with a
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:53
different person. So I could say to a colleague at work you
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€่ทๅ ดใฎๅŒๅƒšใซ
05:57
know I just don't like the way the boss ran that meeting. I
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ใ€ไธŠๅธใŒใใฎไผš่ญฐใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
don't like that the meeting started late. Uh there was no
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ไผš่ญฐใŒ้…ใๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ไผš่ญฐใฎ่ญฐ้กŒใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:03
agenda for the meeting. So I am criticizing my boss as I talk
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅŒๅƒš ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไธŠๅธใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใฆใ„
06:09
to a colleague. So again when you criticize it's a way to
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œ
06:14
yeah it's a way to complain. It's a but I'm going to talk
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ใฏไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใงใ™ใŒใ€
06:19
about complain later. Um but it's a negative conversation
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ๅพŒใงๆ–‡ๅฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œ
06:23
about another person. Uh and then again you can criticize
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ใฏไป–ใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:28
someone to their face. Okay you can do that as well. To throw
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ก”ใซๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ—ฅ้™ฐใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹
06:33
shade. So this is a relatively new term. And this is something
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
06:37
that mostly we hear about celebrities doing. Sometimes a
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ไธปใซ ๆœ‰ๅไบบใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹
06:42
celebrity will say something about another celebrity. And
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ๆœ‰ๅไบบใŒๅˆฅใฎๆœ‰ๅไบบใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:46
it's and it's a very negative thing and we we now call that
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ทใ‚งใƒผใƒ‰ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„
06:50
throwing shade. I don't want to get into the details but right
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใฏ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€
06:53
now Kanye and Pete Kanye's throwing some shade. Uh at Pete
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ไปŠใฏใ‚ซใƒ‹ใ‚จใจใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ‚ซใƒ‹ใ‚จใŒ ๆ—ฅ้™ฐใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆ
06:58
on Pete. I actually don't know what you would say. But Kanye's
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ใ‚ชใƒณใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใงใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ซใƒ‹ใ‚จใฏ
07:01
definitely throwing shade right now. If you check the news
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ไปŠ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๆ—ฅ้™ฐใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹
07:04
there's a little bit of a a Twitter war or an Instagram war
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07:09
between Kanye and his ex-wife and Pete Davidson. So I'll let
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ใจใ€ใ‚ซใƒ‹ใ‚จใจๅฝผใฎๅ…ƒๅฆป ใจใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใƒปใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ฝใƒณใฎ้–“ใงใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผๆˆฆไบ‰ใพใŸใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๆˆฆไบ‰ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:15
you find the details but to throw shade means it doesn't
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่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ—ฅ้™ฐใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
07:19
have to be a celebrity but we mostly hear this term when you
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ใ€ๆœ‰ๅไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ‰ๅไบบใŒๅˆฅใฎๆœ‰ๅไบบใซ ๆ—ฅ้™ฐใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆœ‰ๅไบบใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใฎ็”จ่ชžใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™
07:22
watch the news about celebrities where a celebrity
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07:25
will throw shade on another celebrity. So they'll say
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ‰ๅไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ
07:28
something negative or mean or even untrue about a celebrity
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใพใŸใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:33
that they know. To whisper So you can whisper about someone.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใŸใ‚ใซ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:39
Um usually we hear this term in a negative sense like there
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธ
07:42
were whispers about this person doing something. And basically
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ใ€ใ“ใฎไบบ ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใๅฃฐใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ“ใฎ็”จ่ชžใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅŸบๆœฌ็š„
07:46
it means that I guess it's similar to talking behind
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ใซใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ ๅพŒใ‚ใง่ฉฑใ™ใฎใจไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„
07:50
someone's back. But when you whisper about someone you
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใจใใ€
07:54
you're basically like did you hear about Joe? Joe got home
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ
07:57
from work late because he went and he I'm trying to think of
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้…ใๅธฐๅฎ…ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒใ—ใŸใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:01
something negative that Joe did. What would be oh yeah. Joe
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใใ†ไฝ•ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ
08:04
went to the casino after work and spent all his money. So I
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ใฏไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅพŒใซใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใซ่กŒใใ€ ๅฝผใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
08:08
so if you hear two people talking quietly about someone
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2ไบบ ใŒไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ้™ใ‹ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„
08:12
else we would that they are whispering about them. And to
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
08:17
tell half truths. I mentioned this in the lesson I did on
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ๅŠๅˆ†ใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚ ็ง ใฏ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใจๅ˜˜ใซใคใ„ใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
08:20
secrets and lies. A half truth is when you tell something
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ใ€‚ ๅŠ็ซฏใช็œŸๅฎŸ ใฏใ€
08:23
that's partly true. Uh but maybe you enhance it a little
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้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทๅŒ–ใ—
08:27
bit. So if you so maybe Joe someone's stole some money at
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใชใ‚‰ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒไป•ไบ‹ใงใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ 
08:33
work. And if you tell a half truth you would say you know
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŠ็ซฏใช ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒ้•ทใ„้–“ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:37
Joe he's been stealing money for a long time. So you know he
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„
08:41
stole money. But you're kind of exaggerating the story. You
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฑใ‚’่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
08:45
don't know if he stole money for a long time but you add a
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ๅฝผใŒ้•ทใ„้–“ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:49
little bit to the story. Well finally here's a phrase that's
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ใŒใ€่ฉฑใซๅฐ‘ใ—่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
08:54
not negative. I wanted to make sure I had a balance of
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ ใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ
08:57
phrases. So we're going to talk about the phrase to speak
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้ซ˜ใ ่ฉฑใ™ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š
09:00
highly of. When you speak highly of someone it means that
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ่ฉ•ไพกใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
09:05
you like them and you appreciate what they're doing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใงใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:08
A great example would be this. Speak English with this guy.
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่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็”ทใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:12
His name is Brent. Has a YouTube channel. And I speak
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ๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ YouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ไป–ใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ™
09:15
very highly of him when I mention his channel to other
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ใจใใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใฆใ„
09:18
people. Because I think he's doing good work. When you speak
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
09:21
high of someone it means you say very nice things and very
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ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’้ซ˜ใ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใจใจใฆใ‚‚
09:26
kind things about them. So it's always nice if you know someone
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่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
09:31
who's a hard worker at work and then when you're having a
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ใ€ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใฆใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
09:34
conversation and their name comes up then you say nice
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅๅ‰ ใŒๅ‡บใฆใ
09:38
things about them we would say that you are speaking highly of
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ ้ซ˜ใ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆ
09:41
them. To recommend. When you recommend someone it means that
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจ่–ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
09:46
you say they'll be good for a certain thing. Let's use Joe as
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใซ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:51
an example. Let's say my school needed a new teacher. And I
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ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅญฆๆ กใซ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็ง
09:56
knew that Joe was a good teacher and he didn't have a
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ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒ่‰ฏใ„ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใซใฏไป•ไบ‹ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
09:59
job. I could recommend Joe to my principal. I could go to the
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚’ๆ ก้•ทใซๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:03
principal and say I have a friend named Joe. He's a really
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ๆ ก้•ทใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
10:06
good teacher and he doesn't have a job right now. So when
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่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ€ ไปŠใฏไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:08
you say that someone's good at something. Or when you say that
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
10:12
something they're doing is really good. It it basically
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
10:15
means you're recommending them. So again we'll use Brett's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŽจ่–ฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใŒ
10:20
probably getting tired be talking about his channel. But
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซ้ฃฝใ้ฃฝใใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
10:23
speak English with this guy. I highly recommend you visit his
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‹ๅฝผใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—
10:27
channel at some point. He teaches English like I do. Uh
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผ ใฏ็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจ
10:30
and he has done a few videos lately where he's on in
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ใ€ๅฝผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅœฐๅŸŸใงๅฝผใŒๅ‡บๆผ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅˆถไฝœ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
10:34
different parts of the United States. So I recommend that you
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
10:37
watch them. So that means I like his videos. I like the
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ง ใฏๅฝผใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
10:41
work he's doing. And I like it so much. I will tell other
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ๅฝผใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไป–ใฎ
10:44
people that they should go watch them. To vouch for. So
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ไบบใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฟ่จผใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:49
here's another way of recommending but it's it really
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎๆŽจๅฅจๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
10:54
works yeah it means you're saying you can trust someone if
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใˆใˆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไฟ่จผ ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃ
10:59
you vouch for someone it means you know them really really
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
11:03
well okay so in this picture it says Joe Joe is a hard worker
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11:08
if I worked with Joe for a long time and I knew Joe was a very
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจใฏ้•ทใ„้–“ไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚
11:12
good worker and if someone said I'm thinking of hiring Joe is
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ๅ„ช็ง€ใชๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ็งใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚’้›‡ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
11:17
he a hard worker. I could say yeah I'll vouch for him. I
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ๅฝผใฏๅ‹คๅ‹‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ง
11:20
worked with him for a long time. He's a really really good
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ใฏๅฝผใจ้•ทใ„้–“ไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„
11:23
worker. So when you vouch for someone it means that you
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ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไฟ่จผ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
11:27
publicly say or in a conversation you say that you
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ๅ…ฌใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ€
11:31
think that person is good at something okay sometimes my
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ใใฎไบบใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ† ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ™‚ใ€…็งใฎ
11:36
students will apply for a job and then the company will call
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ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿ ใ—ใ€ไผš็คพใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—
11:41
me and say is this student a good worker and then I'll vouch
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ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
11:44
for them I'll say yes absolutely when I had them in
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™็งใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใ็งใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซใใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:47
class they were a hard worker they did a great job. Do trash
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ‹คๅ‹‰ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ดใƒŸใฎ
11:52
talk. I don't know why. This picture cracks me up because
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่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ๅ†™็œŸใฏ
11:56
it's a couple of older people. Um but trash talk is when you
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ใ€ๆ•ฐไบบใฎ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็งใ‚’ใฒใฉใๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚ดใƒŸใฎ่ฉฑใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
12:00
say mean things about people. Most of you'll hear trash talk
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ไบบใ€…ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ
12:04
or trash talk will happen when people are playing sports. If
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚„ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
12:08
you watch football or soccer or basketball those are sports
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ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„
12:12
where sometimes the players walk by each other and they'll
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒคใƒผ ใŒใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰
12:16
say something really mean about them. Like you have a big nose.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅคงใใช้ผปใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
12:19
Actually they say meaner things than that. But when you trash
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ‘ๅŠฃใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ
12:23
talk someone you might say yeah where'd you learn to where'd
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ใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใˆใˆใ€ ใฉใ“
12:26
you learn to play football from from your I don't know. Anyways
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎ ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใ‹ใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:32
it's when you I'm not good at trash Talk by the way. But when
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใŒใ‚ดใƒŸ็ฎฑใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใชๆ™‚ใงใ™ ใกใชใฟใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
12:35
you trash talk someone you basically are saying mean
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃ
12:39
things about them. Usually in a sports game. And by the way you
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใงใ€‚ ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
12:43
can flip it as well. You can talk trash about someone. Which
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ใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃ่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
12:46
I think is a little more general and simply means to say
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ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ— ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ€ๅ˜ใซ
12:50
mean things about someone. So this I picture this as this
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
12:53
this older gentleman is saying mean things about this other
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ใ“ใฎๅนดไธŠใฎ็ดณๅฃซใŒ ใ“ใฎไป–ใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—
12:57
person. I don't know why that made me laugh because I think I
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใ‚’็ฌ‘ใ‚ใ›ใŸใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
13:00
think older people are all really kind and then it just
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ๅนด้…ใฎไบบใŸใกใฏใฟใ‚“ใช ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ
13:04
Kegel. To be a reference. So this is a more formal term and
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฒใƒซใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‚่€ƒใพใงใซใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃๅผใช็”จ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Š
13:10
it's similar to vouching for someone. When you act as a
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅ‚็…งใจใ—ใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
13:14
reference for someone it means that legally I guess legally
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏๆณ•็š„ใซ็งใŒๆณ•็š„ใซ
13:19
definitely formally you are willing to say that person is
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใๆญฃๅผใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใใฎไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ‚ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
13:23
good at something or that they're a good person. So
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
13:26
sometimes when people apply for a job they'll say can I will
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…ใŒ ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒ
13:31
you be a reference for me? And that means you're allowing them
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็งใฎใŸใ‚ใฎๅ‚็…งใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰
13:35
to put your name on their job application. And then the place
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ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆฑ‚ไบบๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
13:39
they're applying for the job can call you to see if that
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ ใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใŒ่‰ฏใ„ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
13:43
person's a good person. So I this is probably a better
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใŒๆ™‚ใ€…ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„
13:45
example for when I said sometimes I vouch for students.
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ไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
13:49
Probably a better example would be sometimes a student will ask
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏ ใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
13:53
if I will be a reference because they're applying for a
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ใ€็งใŒๅ‚็…งใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™
13:56
job. And then that the place they're applying at someone
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€
14:00
will call me and say so Joe your student Joe has applied
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ใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒ
14:05
for a job and they've listed you as a reference. Would you
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใจใ—ใฆใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ† ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ
14:08
be able to tell us a little bit about Joe? And then I would say
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
14:11
Joe's great. Joe's a hard worker etcetera etcetera. Um to
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ ๅƒใ่€…ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’
14:17
build someone up. When you build someone up it means
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็ฏ‰ใไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
14:20
usually you tell them directly but you can also tell other
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้€šๅธธใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ็›ดๆŽฅ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป–ใฎ
14:25
people good things about them. So if I was talking to Joe I
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ไบบใ€…ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:30
could say Joe you're really good at this job. Joe I saw the
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ…ˆ้€ฑ่กŒใฃใŸไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€
14:33
work you did last week and it was awesome. Joe you are doing
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œ ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
14:36
a great job. So I can tell Joe directly. But I could also tell
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใซ็›ดๆŽฅไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏไธŠๅธใซใ‚‚่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
14:40
my boss. If I worked with Joe I could go to my boss and say you
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ไธŠๅธใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
14:44
know what? I just wanted to put a good in for Joe. He's doing
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ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ง ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
14:47
great work right now. So anytime you say something that
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ไปŠ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่กŒใฃใŸ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆตฎใๅฝซใ‚Šใซใ™ใ‚‹ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€
14:50
will highlight good work or actions that someone has done
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14:57
you are building them up. To sabotage. When you sabotage
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฆจๅฎณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
15:03
someone's career or you sabotage someone's work it
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ ๅฆจๅฎณใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅฆจๅฎณใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ
15:08
means you destroy it by telling lies behind their back. So it's
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’็ ดๅฃŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
15:14
not a word we use a lot but I did hear this in a movie. Um
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจ
15:18
and so when you hear the phrase like oh he's out to sabotage
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่žใใจใใ€ ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๅฆจๅฎณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆ
15:22
her life. It means that they're going to say they're going to
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ™‚ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
15:26
spread rumours. They're going to tell lies about you. They're
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใคใ„ใฆๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
15:29
going to do everything they can to make people not like you. So
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
15:34
that's why I put this picture of one person whispering to
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็ง ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅˆฅใฎไบบใซใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ—
15:36
another. Like did you hear Joe quit his job again? Joe Joe
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ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ ใŒใพใŸไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใŸใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ
15:41
quit five jobs in the last five days. He can't keep a job. So
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ใฏ้ŽๅŽป5ๆ—ฅ้–“ใง5ใคใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
15:45
they're trying to sabotage someone's reputation to
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’
15:49
sabotage someone's career or to sabotage their life. To rat. So
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ๅฆจๅฎณใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ ๅฆจๅฎณใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๅฆจๅฎณใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚บใƒŸใซใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
15:56
we've gone over this one already. When you rat on
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ ใ™ใงใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚บใƒŸใซใ™ใ‚‹
15:59
someone it means you tell someone in authority what they
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ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒๆจฉๅจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฝผใ‚‰
16:03
did. If two of my kids let's say the cookies were gone and I
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ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅญไพ›ใฎใ†ใกใฎ2ไบบใŒ ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็ง
16:08
said to my kids who ate the last cookie and if my one kid
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ใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸ็งใฎๅญไพ›ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎ1ไบบใฎๅญไพ›
16:11
said he did Joe ate it. I don't have a kid named Joe. We would
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ใŒๅฝผใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใฎๅญไพ›ใŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:16
say that that person has ratted out Joe. Or maybe I'm driving
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ใใฎไบบใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆค ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
16:20
with one of my kids to school and I say you know the TV broke
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅญฆๆ ก ใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œ
16:23
the other day do you know what happened? And if they said oh
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ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ• ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
16:26
Joe did it. They would be ratting out Joe. So when you
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
16:30
rat someone out it means you tell someone in authority
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚บใƒŸใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆจฉๅจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ใซ
16:34
something that they did. To give someone up to give someone
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’
16:41
up is very similar. Uh when you give someone up it means let's
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ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
16:45
say Joe and I robbed a bank and we were going to keep it a
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจ็งใŒ้Š€่กŒใ‚’ๅฅชใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ—ใฆใŠใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸ
16:49
secret and then Joe went to the police and said Bob did it. We
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ ่ญฆๅฏŸใซ่กŒใใ€ใƒœใƒ–ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:53
would say that he gave gave me up. When you give someone up it
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ๅฝผใŒ่ซฆใ‚ใŸใฎใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
16:57
basically means that you've done something illegal or
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ไฝ•ใ‹้•ๆณ•ใช
17:01
you've done something wrong. And one person again tells
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅ†ใณ
17:05
someone in authority that you've done it. So to rat and
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ๆจฉๅจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใ‚บใƒŸใจ
17:08
to give someone up are very very very very similar. To stab
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:14
someone in the back. So this is a little bit different. This is
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ๅพŒใ‚ใง่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆบใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
17:19
when you betray someone or this is when you you and someone
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใจ
17:26
else yeah you have there's trust between two people and
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ†ใใ†ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไบŒไบบใฎ้–“ใซไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
17:31
then one of the people goes and does something or tells other
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ๆฌกใซไธ€ไบบใŒ่กŒใฃ
17:35
people about something you've done. If you have a secret if
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ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆไป–ใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:40
you and a friend had a secret and your friend told the secret
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ‹ไบบใŒ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบ
17:43
to someone else you could say that they stabbed you in the
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ใŒไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅพŒใ‚ใงๅˆบใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
17:46
back. Okay. So it's a way of betraying some one. It's a way
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
17:50
of breaking the trust between two people. And so we have to
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ใฏไบŒไบบใฎ้–“ใฎไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๅฃŠใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
17:56
betray. I think I don't know my history very well but I think
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่ฃๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ๆญดๅฒใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
18:01
Brutus betrayed Caesar. I think that's how it went. So Caesar
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ใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚นใฏใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ„ใ† ้ขจใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ถใƒผ
18:06
trusted Brutus and I think his dying words are like or I don't
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ใฏใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฎ ๆญปใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏ
18:12
know how to say it but when you have trust and when one of
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ›
18:16
those people does something that causes harm to the other
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18:20
person or makes them feel at or actually something bad happens
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ใ‚“ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃ
18:25
to them we would say that you betrayed them. Never nice to
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ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
18:30
betray someone. To put someone down. When you put someone down
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ ๅ€’ใ™ใŸใ‚ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใใจใใ€
18:34
it means again you're saying mean things about them. So if
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ†ใณๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
18:39
Joe was a really hard worker and I was talking to someone
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅƒใ่€…ใง ใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
18:44
else I could say Joe's not a hard worker. Joe is like he's
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ใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏๅƒใ่€…ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏๅฝผ
18:48
the worst worker ever. Um Joe's late for work all the time.
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ใŒๅฒไธŠๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ไป•ไบ‹ใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:51
He's always leaving early. He steals stuff from work. So
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ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผ ใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰็‰ฉใ‚’็›—ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
18:54
you're saying you're you're basically saying mean things
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
18:59
about the person. That might be true and might not be true. It
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
19:03
both could happen. And again you can put someone down to
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ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’
19:06
their face as well. Like I could go up to someone and say
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ก”ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ
19:10
mean things about them and we would use the same phrase to
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใก ใฏๅŒใ˜ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟใฃ
19:13
put someone down. To whine. So I think children do this the
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ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ€’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ใ‚‚่กŒใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
19:20
most. When you whine about someone it means you complain
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ† ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ้•ทใ„้–“ไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
19:23
about them for a long time. So sometimes after work people
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆ™‚ใ€…ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅพŒใซไบบใ€…
19:27
will go to a restaurant. And as they sit around they might
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ใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ‘จใ‚Šใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
19:31
whine about their boss. They might whine about a colleague
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธŠๅธใซใคใ„ใฆๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซใ„ใชใ„ ๅŒๅƒšใซใคใ„ใฆๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
19:35
that isn't there at the restaurant. So it's basically
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„
19:38
very very similar to to complain. And we often use
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ใซๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
19:43
these two words together. So sometimes People get together
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ
19:47
and they have fun but sometimes they whine and complain about
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้›†ใพใฃใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€
19:51
work or they whine and complain about their boss or they whine
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใฃ ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธŠๅธใซใคใ„ใฆๆณฃใ่จ€
19:56
and complain about their co-worker. Um so definitely
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ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅŒๅƒšใซใคใ„ใฆๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€็ขบใ‹ใซ
19:59
these two words mean the same thing and they often go
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
20:04
together and yeah it's a lot more fun to go out with people
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใˆใˆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ ไบบใ€…ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฅฝใ—ใ„
20:08
from work and enjoy yourself. It's not fun to go out and
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆใ€
20:12
listen to people whine and complain about everything. So
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ไบบใ€…ใŒๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’ ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใฎใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:16
anyways this you use to talk about a situation or people.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆณใ‚„ไบบใ€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:20
Both will work. To ruin someone's reputation. When you
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
20:25
ruin someone's reputation it means you lie about them or you
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ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ‹
20:29
reveal a secret that they didn't want revealed. You do
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใŸใใชใ„็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
20:33
something that makes them this happens a lot with celebrities.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ‰ๅไบบใงใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:37
So a celebrity might have done something in the past and when
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ‰ๅไบบ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
20:41
they when someone reveals that it might they might no longer
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใŸใจใใซใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„ๅƒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
20:46
be able to work. They won't get hired to make movies. Um this
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้›‡ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
20:49
happens sometimes with teenagers where someone will
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ใฏ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
20:53
make up a story or tell a lie about someone else and tell the
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็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€
20:57
whole school and a person who everyone liked now all of the
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ๅญฆๆ กๅ…จไฝ“ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไปŠใงใฏ ่ชฐใ‚‚
21:01
sudden students don't like that person because someone ruined
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ใŒๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸ ไบบใซใ€่ชฐใ‹
21:05
their reputation. Not a kind thing to do at all. Um to
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ใŒ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใŸใ‚ใซ็ช็„ถใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ…จๅ“กใŒใใฎไบบใ‚’ๅซŒใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใ‚จใ‚คใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงๆ™‚ใ€…่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆชๅˆ‡ ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:11
defame and to slander. So when you defame or slander someone
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ๅ่ช‰ใ‚’ๆฏ€ๆใ—ใ€่ชน่ฌ—ไธญๅ‚ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไธญๅ‚ทใ—ใŸใ‚Šไธญๅ‚ทใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
21:17
they pretty much mean the same thing. But they have more of a
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅŒใ˜ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š
21:20
formal legal definition. So when you let me actually give
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ๆญฃๅผใชๆณ•็š„ๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ•ใ›ใŸใจใ
21:25
you the definition. It's when you say something about someone
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…ฌใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™
21:29
Publicly. But you can then they can then take you to court if
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใ
21:35
you lied. So slander. Um to make false and damaging
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชน่ฌ—ไธญๅ‚ทใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…ฌใซ ่™šๅฝใฎๆœ‰ๅฎณใช
21:40
statements about someone publicly. And then let's look
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็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
21:44
for demean or defame sorry. Defame. To damage the good
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไธญๅ‚ทใพใŸใฏๅ่ช‰ๆฏ€ๆใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ่ช‰ๆฏ€ๆใ€‚
21:49
reputation of someone through slander or liable and to do so
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่ชน่ฌ—ไธญๅ‚ทใพใŸใฏ่ฒฌไปปใ‚’่ฒ ใฃใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ€ๅ…ฌใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹
21:53
publicly. So again these are more like legal definitions of
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ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฐ ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๆณ•็š„ใชๅฎš็พฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
21:58
saying something about someone. When you spread gossip or when
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
22:02
you spread rumours or when you gossip about someone there's no
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ๅ™‚ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ดใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
22:05
legal ramifications. Do you know that word? Like they can't
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ๆณ•็š„ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่จดใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
22:09
sue you. But if a newspaper publishes something that's
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–ฐ่žใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็™บ่กจใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
22:13
untrue. Or if something is said publicly that's untrue. Someone
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅ…ฌใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹
22:18
can say no that's slander or you've defamed me and they
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ใŒใใ‚Œใฏ่ชน่ฌ—ไธญๅ‚ทใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ไธญๅ‚ทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰
22:21
might take you to court. And we also have to falsely accuse I
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ใพใŸใ€็งใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจ
22:28
have been guilty of falsely accusing some of my children of
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ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ่ชคใฃใฆ้ž้›ฃใ—ใŸใ“ใจใง็งใŒ็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจ่ชคใฃใฆ้ž้›ฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
22:32
doing certain things. Um sometimes when something
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹
22:35
happens like let's say someone broke something in the house.
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ใŒๅฎถใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฃŠใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:40
You might think you which child did it. But if you tell them I
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎๅญไพ›ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็ง
22:44
know you did it and they didn't you are falsely accusing
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ชคใฃใฆ้ž้›ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
22:47
someone. This also happens in the world. Sometimes people
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏไธ–็•Œใงใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…
22:51
will falsely accuse someone else. They'll tell the police
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ใฏไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ชคใฃใฆ้ž้›ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ญฆๅฏŸ
22:55
that someone did something and when it's not true. So not a
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ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ— ใŸใ“ใจใจใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ„ใจใใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใฃใŸใ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
23:00
nice thing at all. To praise. So you can praise someone to
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ใ€‚ ่ณž่ณ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ก”ใซ่ณž่ณ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
23:05
their face. You can go to someone and say good job. Um
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:08
awesome work. Um but you can also pray someone to someone
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใงใ‚‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซ็ฅˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
23:12
else. I could say you know Rod the Brazilian English teacher
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใชใฟใซ ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
23:17
by the way. Rod the English teacher in the chat. Uh Rod's
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ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใง่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ
23:20
really nice guy. Uh he does really good work as well on
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ไบบใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฝผใฏ YouTubeใงใ‚‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„
23:23
YouTube. And he teaches classes. English classes and
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใจ
23:26
he's good at it. I'm giving Rod praise. Um I could do that to
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ๅฝผใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ ็งฐ่ณ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŒๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ—
23:30
Rod which I've done when I've talked to him. But I can also
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ใŸใจใใซ็งใŒใ—ใŸใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ
23:33
do it to someone else. Okay so it's like kind of like
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๆŽจ่–ฆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
23:37
recommending. It's kind of like saying good things about
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
23:39
someone. You can also sing someone's praises. Okay. So
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ณ›็พŽใ‚’ๆญŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
23:45
when you sing someone's praises you say a lot of good things
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ณ›็พŽใ‚’ๆญŒใ†ใจใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„
23:48
about them. So you might you might talk about them for 10
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ10ๅˆ†้–“่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
23:52
minutes And the whole time you're talking about them
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“
23:55
you're saying good things about them. So a very nice thing to
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ใšใฃใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจ
23:58
do. If you know someone who's doing something really good in
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธ–็•Œใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
24:03
the world. You might say you know this person donates a lot
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅฏ„ไป˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
24:06
of money. This person we should use Joe. Joe donates a lot. Of
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไบบใฏ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅฏ„ไป˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:10
money. Joe volunteers to help out at a soup kitchen to feed
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ใŠ้‡‘ใฎใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’้คŠใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ็‚Šใๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
24:14
the homeless. Joe is a great person. If I talked about Joe
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผ
24:18
for 5 minutes or 10 minutes and just continually said good
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ5ๅˆ†ใ‹10ๅˆ†้–“่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใŸใ ็ตถใˆใš่‰ฏใ„
24:22
things I would be singing his praises. To question someone's
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ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใฎ่ณ›็พŽใ‚’ๆญŒใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆจฉๅจใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
24:28
authority. So when you question someone's authority it's when
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆจฉๅจใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ
24:33
you talk about them and you you're basically saying they
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅฝผใ‚‰
24:38
shouldn't be in power anymore. So sometimes at work people
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ใŒใ‚‚ใ†ๆจฉๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆกใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ทๅ ดใง
24:42
will question the boss's authority. In Government.
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ใฏไธŠๅธใฎๆจฉ้™ใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๅ‘ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ”ฟๅบœใงใ€‚
24:46
People sometimes question someone's authority. Right now
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ไบบใ€…ใฏๆ™‚ใ€… ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆจฉๅจใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจ
24:49
there is a protest in Ottawa and people are questioning
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ใ€ใ‚ชใ‚ฟใƒฏใงๆŠ—่ญฐใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ
24:53
Justin Trudeau's authority. So when you question someone's
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒปใƒˆใƒซใƒ‰ใƒผใฎๆจฉๅจใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆจฉๅจใซ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’
24:57
authority you ask questions and you talk about them in a way
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ใ—ใ€
25:02
where you're basically saying they shouldn't be in charge
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚‚ใ†ๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
25:05
anymore. Okay this next word this last word please listen
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
25:10
carefully as I explain it. Okay? This is a word that's a
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ใ€็งใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
25:15
bad word in English. But I'm going to talk about the verb
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ‚ชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œ ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขๅผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
25:20
form of it. Okay? So in English if you call someone if you call
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถใชใ‚‰
25:27
someone a **** that is a bad word. That is not a nice thing
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’****ใจๅ‘ผใถใฎใฏๆ‚ชใ„ ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
25:31
to say. But in the verb form it's kind of an informal slang
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝข ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ้žๅ…ฌๅผใชไฟ—่ชžใง
25:38
and a crude way to talk about complaining. So when you
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎๅคง้›‘ๆŠŠใชๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
25:42
complain a lot sometimes people will say that you're **** Okay?
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ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€… ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ****ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
25:47
Um all Joe does he just **** about work. So again listen
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ****ใ ใ‘ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
25:51
carefully. This is not a word you would use at work. This is
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ทๅ ดใงไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
25:56
a very informal word. I said it slang. It's it's more informal.
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฟ—่ชžใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
26:01
But it's actually more common than you think. Um I actually
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใƒผใจ
26:05
have heard this word a few times lately. Um so again when
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ใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€
26:09
you call someone the B word that is a bad thing. But when
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’Bใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใจๅ‘ผใถใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‹ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
26:14
you use it in this way if you're talking to a friend and
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€
26:18
you say you know let's stop **** about And let's talk about
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ****ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใใ—ใฆ
26:22
something positive. So again I don't know. Maybe I don't know
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๅ‰ๅ‘ใใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใŸใ€็ง ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใŒใพใ ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
26:27
if Brent's still here in the chat but I know he has to leave
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ใ€ ๅฝผใฏ
26:29
and teach usually but this is just a very crude informal
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้€šๅธธใฏ้›ขใ‚Œใฆๆ•™ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
26:34
slang way to say that you're complaining about something.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†้žๅธธใซๅคง้›‘ๆŠŠใช้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎไฟ—่ชžใงใ™ ใ€‚
26:38
There I hope that made sense. Basically what I'm saying is
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ใใ“ใง็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
26:41
you'll hear this word but maybe you shouldn't use it. But you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€ๅคšๅˆ† ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใคใ‹ไผš่ฉฑ
26:45
might hear it if you're having a conversation sometime.
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
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