Language Learning Tips and Insights from Polyglot Steve Kaufmann

8,029 views ใƒป 2022-11-25

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:14
[Music]
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00:14
Hi everyone. I'm Jenniferย  from English with Jennifer.ย ย 
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[์Œ์•…]
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer ์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
How often do you get to meet new people?ย  I think when you have the opportunity toย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:25
meet someone interesting, youย  should reach out and grab it.ย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์†์„ ๋ป—์–ด ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
That's what I did. I recently had a conversationย  with Steve Kaufman, a well-known polyglot.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์•ผ. ์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด์ธ Steve Kaufman๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
A polyglot is someone who is multilingual. Theyย  know multiple or many languages. "Poly" meansย ย 
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๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํด๋ฆฌ"๋Š”
00:45
"many." I've always admired the abilities ofย  people who speak different languages, but Steveย ย 
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"๋งŽ์€"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ Steve๋Š”
00:51
actually knows more than just a few. I'll letย  you find out just how many in the interview.ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Steve also shares his thoughts on languageย  learning, which I think you'll find helpful.
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Steve๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Steve, I'm so excited to meet with you today.ย  Thank you for joining me. I'm looking forward toย ย 
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ป์š”. ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:13
our discussion. I know a little bit about you, butย  I don't know if all of my viewers do, so I thoughtย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ
01:18
the very first question I'm going to ask isย  probably the question you get asked the most...isย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€...
01:23
how many languages do you know? Okay. So uh youย  know there are appearances. There's reality andย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:32
reality is that I can probably easily speak 10 orย  12 languages. That's amazing. But there is anotherย ย 
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ 10๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” 12๊ฐœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:39
say ten or eight languages that I have at variousย  times put a great deal of effort into learningย ย 
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10~8๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์–ด๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ 
01:45
and even traveled to the country and used, butย  right now if you said, "Let's have a conversationย ย 
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‹œ๊ณจ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด "
01:51
in Romanian," I would struggle. And so, it'sย  sort of on a gradual declining sort of levelย ย 
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๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ž"๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
of proficiency. But you have some knowledgeย  of all those languages, which is absolutelyย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ •๋ง
02:03
amazing. Yeah and and more than some languages.ย  It's like I have maybe like in Korean, I haveย ย 
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๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ธ์–ด ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ
02:10
40,000 words. The way we count them on LingQ, andย  it wouldn't take me long if I were there for a dayย ย 
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40,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ LingQ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋‚˜ ์ดํ‹€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:15
or two. I'd be quite operational, but I thinkย  it's important for people to remember that youย ย 
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์šด์˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:21
know language learning is not about perfection,ย  so even in your first second language, likeย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ด ์™„๋ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
the first language you're learning, which peopleย  learning English that might be the first language,ย ย 
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02:29
or maybe not because many people say have severalย  languages. But it's never about perfection,ย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
02:35
and every effort that we put into learningย  a language is in discovering a language andย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Ÿ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:40
learning about the language, it's all good.ย  And I don't feel any particular obligation toย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
02:46
maintain my languages or to demonstrate thatย  I can do you know XYZ in the language. It'sย ย 
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์ œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ XYZ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
all good. I think that's wonderful that youย  said that, and I also say, like as a teacher,ย ย 
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์ „๋ถ€๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ
02:58
I know a lot about the English language, and Iย  know more because I've taught it for so long,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
but that doesn't mean that I know everything aboutย  the English language. And I still make my ownย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋งŒ์˜
03:06
mistakes. Teachers do make mistakes as well, soย  I'm glad that you said perfection is off the tableย ย 
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•จ์€
03:12
for all of us. Off the table. The next questionย  is why. Because as I understand, like you're notย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ. ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
03:19
a professor. You're not...your specialty isn'tย  linguistics, so what compelled you to learn allย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€... ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:25
these languages? ...Who are you? What is yourย  background? What do you do, and what compelledย ย 
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? ...๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์„ธ์š”? ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:30
you to learn all these languages? All right. Soย  first of all since you mentioned the the subjectย ย 
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฑ…์žฅ์ด ๋  ๋‚ด
03:36
of background, you'll notice I notice now that theย  background behind me, which is supposed to be aย ย 
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๋’ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€
03:42
bookshelf, is what I use when I make my videos,ย  but since it's only a curtain, okay, therefore,ย ย 
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๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ปคํŠผ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:48
in this angle you can actually see the top of myย  bookshelf. All right, so I'll just mention thatย ย 
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์ด ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ ์ฑ…์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
background -- it's a fake bookshelf background. Soย  my background is...I uh I was a Canadian diplomatย ย 
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๊ฐ€์งœ ์ฑ…์žฅ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€...์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์œผ๋กœ
04:02
for seven years, and my first assignment wasย  to go to Hong Kong to learn Mandarin Chinese.ย ย 
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7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™์ฝฉ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
And just, by the way, Hong Kong was not aย  Mandarin-speaking environment, and yet Iย ย 
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ™์ฝฉ์€ ๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š”
04:14
learned Mandarin there, and I always use that asย  an example that you don't need to be in the placeย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
04:19
where the language is spoken in order to learn theย  language. And in many cases, people who are whereย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—,
04:25
the language is spoken never manage to learn it,ย  so it's an advantage to be where the language isย ย 
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:30
spoken, but it's not a necessary condition, norย  is it a guarantee that you're going to learn theย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
language. Then I lived in Japan, and then I workedย  in the forest industry for more than 40 years,ย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ  40๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:42
and along the way, a combination of it was usefulย  for me to know these languages. I realized thatย ย 
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:50
I could learn them, and developed a method ofย  learning them that worked, so I was motivatedย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”
04:55
to learn more of them. Generally, the motivationย  was not I wanted one day speak 20 languages,ย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ 20๊ฐœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:00
but rather all of a sudden I became interested inย  Russian, or I became interested in the languagesย ย 
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
of the Middle East, which is what I'm doingย  right now -- Persian and Arabic. And recently,ย ย 
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ž์–ด. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š”
05:10
I've been doing some Turkish. It's more of theย  interest and the realization that every languageย ย 
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:16
which we explore and discover, you know, theย  process itself is rewarding. Yes. And of course,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ • ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก 
05:22
if eventually you're able to use the language inย  some way reading, listening, speaking that is alsoย ย 
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„
05:28
rewarding, but even the process is rewarding.ย  Yes, it is. It is. And it's an ongoing processย ย 
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๋ณด๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ๋ณด๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:33
that's never quite finished. Isn't it right it'sย  the journey that we enjoy, not so much tryingย ย 
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์ด์ง€,
05:38
to reach some destination? Well, that ties intoย  another question that I had in my mind. Becauseย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
you sometimes you travel to a country, sometimesย  you don't. I'm very glad that you made that pointย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜์–ด
05:49
that you don't have to live, for example, inย  an English-speaking country to learn to speakย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
05:53
English, but it's usually that initial interestย  like something about a culture that pushes you.ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
I'm going to learn that language. So, what isย  the connection between language and culture?ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋ฌธํ™” ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:06
Because you don't just say, "Ah, that looksย  like an interesting language. I'll learn it."ย ย 
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"์•„, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ๊ฐ™๋„ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
It sounds to me like there's something inย  the culture that's pulling you towards thatย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:14
language. Is that correct? You know what? Theย  motivation could be anything, like you know,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„? ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
06:22
many people learn a language because their spouseย  or partner...true...speaks that language, or maybeย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ๋‚˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€...์‚ฌ์‹ค...๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
06:28
they have trouble communicating with their parentsย  or grandparents or want to visit the country thatย ย 
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
they their ancestors came from, and they neverย  really had much connection with it. In my case,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ์€ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
06:40
for example, I was going to visit Crete,ย  so I decided to learn Greek. I was goingย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํฌ๋ ˆํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์˜ˆ์ • ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
06:44
to visit Romania on business; I decidedย  to learn Romanian. I think in many cases,ย ย 
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์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„
06:49
there could be something else that triggers theย  interest, and then as we get into the language,ย ย 
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์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
06:55
we discover things there that continue to pullย  us into the language. There's an expression inย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์—๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:02
French. L'appรฉtit vient en mangeant. So as youย  start eating, the appetite grows. So very oftenย ย 
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. L'appรฉtit vient en mangeant. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹์š•์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์ž์ฃผ ์•„์‹œ
07:10
you know, if I look at my Persian or Arabic, Iย  had very little knowledge of say Persian culture,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ œ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:16
but you know, at LingQ, we have a collaborator whoย  lives in Iran and she created such a wide range ofย ย 
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LingQ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ž€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:23
of content audio with text about the history ofย  Iran, about Iranian minority minorities in Iran,ย ย 
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์ด๋ž€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ์ด๋ž€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ž€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž,
07:31
Iranian food, movie directors in Iran, and so it'sย  it's actually, to some extent, yeah I mean sure,ย ย 
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์ด๋ž€ ์Œ์‹, ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์˜ํ™” ๊ฐ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:38
the culture. I remember when I started intoย  Russian, I watched a movie with English subtitles,ย ย 
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. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ 
07:43
and it took place in Russia in the 19th century,ย  and so that was very motivating to me. I imaginedย ย 
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
07:49
this world of Russia. And the same when I whenย  I got into French, but in the case of Chinese,ย ย 
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์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”...
07:55
for example, I don't...I can't say that the theย  Chinese culture dragged me into Chinese, but asย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด... ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
08:01
I started learning Chinese, I discovered more andย  more of China's history and culture and literatureย ย 
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์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๋ฌธํ•™
08:06
and stuff, so I I think it's it's it's not alwaysย  the thing that brings us into the language,ย ย 
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๋“ฑ์„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:11
but if we can get interested in the culture, thenย  we're going to have an easier time learning it.ย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋” ์‰ฌ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„.
08:16
If we are resisting the culture, then it'll beย  more difficult. That's a good way to express it:ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Don't resist. Embrace. Yes. I think a lot ofย  people relate to the idea of there's a trigger,ย ย 
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์ €ํ•ญํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํฌ์˜นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:28
and then you want to learn more. You start toย  learn, and that appetite grows, as you say, desireย ย 
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๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์‹์š•์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š•๋ง์ด
08:34
is one thing. Putting in the effort is another.ย  So, two questions about the adult learners. Someย ย 
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
08:41
people argue, "But it's so much harder as an adultย  to learn a language." What's your opinion on that?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:50
Well, so I see two questions there. First ofย  all the importance of of culture is sort of,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„
08:57
you know, as a an element of maintaining yourย  interest. Because when we learn a languageย ย 
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์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ
09:03
actually the beginning part in a way is theย  easiest because there are many early victories.ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
You know nothing and now you know something.ย  You didn't understand anything, and now youย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
09:14
understand something. However, all experiencedย  language learners know that after a certain point,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์  ์ดํ›„์— ์ผ๋‹จ
09:21
once we've learned the sort of high frequencyย  vocabulary and, of course, frequency declinesย ย 
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๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€
09:27
very, very quickly. Now we have to learn a lotย  of low frequency vocabulary, and so, therefore,ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:33
we have to do a lot of listening and reading,ย  and often we have the impression that we're notย ย 
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
improving, and that's where the interest in theย  material you're using could be culture, history,ย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”, ์—ญ์‚ฌ,
09:45
sport, whatever. You have to be dealing withย  things that are of interest to you because thatย ย 
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋“ฑ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ
09:49
will keep you going. Yes. Okay and then I forgetย  that there was a second part of your question.ย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Yes. I didn't voice it. Adults. Basically, butย  you're answering it. Yeah. Okay. But so the theย ย 
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์˜ˆ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:02
adults, yes, if you take a five-year-old andย  pluck them out of wherever they were and putย ย 
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์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ, 5์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฝ‘์•„์„œ
10:07
them into a different language environment andย  throw them in together with a bunch of kids,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋†“๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉด
10:11
they're going to speak the language very quickly.ย  They're not inhibited. They hear people sayingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:18
things. They say it wrong until they startย  saying it right. People don't correct them, andย ย 
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. ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
10:23
pretty soon they're functional in the language.ย  Adults aren't able to do that because they'reย ย 
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๊ณง ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
more inhibited because they don't they're not inย  there playing, like maybe if an adult were thrownย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด
10:32
in with a bunch of native speakers and have notย  no other option but to try to use that languageย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜์ ธ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
10:36
every day, they would learn more quickly, so toย  that extent, children...it's easy for children,ย ย 
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๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€...์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜
10:41
and children especially say under the age ofย  10, the brains are more flexible. They still,ย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ 10์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹) ) ) ) ์˜ ์˜
10:46
you know, the opportunity for some other languageย  to take over, and the longer we stay with theย ย 
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๊ธฐํšŒ )๊ฐ€
10:51
one language, the more our brains become aย  little more rigid, you know, in terms of uhย ย 
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10:57
focused on that one language. However, adultsย  have other advantages. It could be the subject weย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
11:04
brought up, which is an interest in the culture,ย  for example. Adults have vocabulary in their ownย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์„ฑ์ธ์€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ
11:08
language, so obviously a five-year-old has aย  limited vocabulary even in their own language.ย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So an adult comes in with life experience andย  wide, you know, vocabulary in their own language,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™€์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด์—
11:19
which they can use to learn what the equivalentย  is in the new language. So adults have someย ย 
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์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
11:26
advantages I think. Adults, I mean, I can learn aย  language with the same writing system as English,ย ย 
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์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜
11:33
and especially if if there's a lot of commonย  vocabulary, as even was the case with Romanian,ย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณตํ†ต ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
11:40
I can learn those languages quite quickly...Notย  that I speak without an accent like a kid mightย ย 
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฝค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ต์–‘ ์—†์ด ๋งํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”
11:46
do, right? But I can read stuff. I can maybeย  follow the news on television. I can do thingsย ย 
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, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
after six months to a year that a childย  wouldn't be able to do, so I think thereย ย 
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„ 6๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ 1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:56
are advantages and disadvantages. But age is noย  obstacle. Very well said. I'm glad you said that.ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
But then some adults argue, and you could relateย  to this, we're all such busy people. Right?ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
12:09
And we fight to find time for things. So what doย  you say to the busy adult who says, "I''d love to,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
12:16
but it's just so hard to find the time to invest."ย  Sure. I mean, we all have to decide what what ourย ย 
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ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”
12:25
priorities are in life. Right? So yes, you haveย  to be interested. You have to be interested;ย ย 
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์‚ถ์˜ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์˜ˆ, ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
you have to be motivated. You have toย  be motivated, and you have to find theย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:33
time. Those are the two sort of ingredients forย  success: motivation and time. Fortunately, todayย ย 
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. ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์€ iPhone
12:40
it's easier than it ever was because I have on myย  iPhone...I have vast libraries of content, audio,ย ย 
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์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ...๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ , ์˜ค๋””์˜ค, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:49
and text in different languages. If I'm workingย  on Persian, you know, I carry all of my stuff onย ย 
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. ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ iPhone์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:56
my iPhone. If I got five minutes here, 10 minutesย  there, I get up in the morning, I make breakfast,ย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— 5๋ถ„, ์ €๊ธฐ์— 10๋ถ„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
13:00
I listen to the language that I'm learning. I'mย  listening.I don't quite understand it all. Thenย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
13:05
I go and read it on on LIngQ. I look up words andย  phrases. I can find 20 minutes here, 10 minutesย ย 
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LIngQ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 20๋ถ„, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 10๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:10
there. It's just...it has become easier, but itย  has always been, you know, adults play sports,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ์ €...๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€
13:19
adults read books, adults play poker, adults findย  the time to do things that are important to them.ย ย 
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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ํฌ์ปค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
So if learning a language is important to you, andย  and the advantage again, with if you're going toย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:33
play poker or play tennis, you have to set asideย  an hour or two to do that. Whereas with languages,ย ย 
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ํฌ์ปค๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ•œ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
13:39
you can do it while in the car driving, whileย  sitting on the train, while cooking...wellย ย 
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...์Œ
13:45
you know, cooking an egg maybe, so...butย  certainly cleaning up you can do it. So yeah,ย ย 
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๊ณ„๋ž€์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ... ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฒญ์†Œ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ์šฐ์„ 
13:53
I think it's a matter of priorities, and it isย  easier to learn languages than it ever was before.ย ย 
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์ˆœ์œ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
And as an activity, it's easier to do than some ofย  the other things that adults like to do in theirย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:05
free time. Yes, the content is there. There's soย  much out there. It's available, so that's not anย ย 
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. ๋„ค, ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
14:11
excuse. As you said, prioritize. I agree andย  it sounds like you work it into your day. Youย ย 
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ํ•‘๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
14:16
have to make it part of your routine, part of yourย  life, and that goes back to what you said earlier.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
14:20
You don't have to be in the country where theย  language is spoken. It's up to you to access theย ย 
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:24
content and work it into your day somehow, andย  you could even multitask, as you suggested. Soย ย 
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์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํƒœ์Šคํ‚น๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:30
besides working it into your day, you've movedย  from language to language, and I'm sure you'veย ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
14:35
developed your methodology. Is there a top tipย  or top few tips that you could give to learners?ย ย 
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ํŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:42
Well, first of all, I had a look at yourย  channel, and you have some great videos onย ย 
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์Œ, ์šฐ์„ , ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ
14:47
different aspects of English, and I presume mostย  of your viewers are people learning English. Yesย ย 
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์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ
14:53
and some teachers too. And some teachers, so Iย  think the number one thing is to try to enjoyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:59
it. Yeah. You know you can zoom in on differentย  aspects of English. I mean the tense system inย ย 
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. ์‘. ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ ๋ง์€ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์‹œ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€
15:04
English can drive you crazy. I'm sure there areย  tips that you provide. Like mine might always be:ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
simplify. Just use a simple questions. Don'tย  worry about all this data you know. So thereย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
15:13
are things that you can do. However, if youย  do expose yourself to a lot of the language,ย ย 
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹  ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:20
you're going to start to acquire some languageย  language habits, you know, subconsciously andย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ์–ด ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
15:26
those things are going to stick with you betterย  than anything that you deliberately learn.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ถ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
And if you put yourself in front of a listย  of phrasal verbs and read through that listย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก ์•ž์— ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„
15:36
three or four times, you're actually not going toย  achieve very much. You're far better to encounterย ย 
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์„œ๋„ˆ ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
these phrasal verbs or different, you know, tensesย  in different contexts, and and the brain is goingย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š”
15:49
to figure out a lot on its own. And once youย  have a lot of that experience, then if you getย ย 
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด
15:55
an explanation or some help from your channel orย  elsewhere, it's going to refer to something thatย ย 
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์ฑ„๋„์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด
16:02
the that you have already experienced. Yes. Soย  that you have to give yourself as much naturalย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
16:08
meaningful, enjoyable exposure to the language asย  you can, and with that, if you have that in place,ย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:15
all of the other help, looking up a grammar thing,ย  your teacher suggesting something, advice youย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์›€, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์กฐ์–ธ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
16:21
might get on on a YouTube channel, all of that isย  then going to be, you know, it hits fertile groundย ย 
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YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„์˜ฅํ•œ ๋•…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
because you have already, you know, ingested soย  much input in the language. So input, to my mind,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ์€
16:34
is extremely important -- important and enjoyableย  input. I agree. That's why I say "happy studies."ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ž…๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
That's my catchphrase. I want it to be happy.ย  It should not be like a chore and terrible,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์บ์น˜ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ณ  ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์•ผ
16:44
but I also love the key word you said is exposure.ย  And that goes back to you making that a priority.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
If we want to learn a language, it's increasingย  the exposure, which goes beyond a lesson with aย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:55
teacher. You could hire the teacher, you couldย  go to a YouTube channel, but exposure needs toย ย 
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. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
16:59
come from various sources. Right? Absolutely.ย  Well, one question I have is...there was aย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€...
17:06
brief time...I have not traveled the path of aย  polyglot, but back in college, there was a timeย ย 
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—
17:12
I was studying Russian, and then I decided to takeย  Japanese. So for like two years, I first would goย ย 
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2๋…„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋จผ์ €
17:18
to my Russian class. Then I'd go to my Japaneseย  class. And it would happen where like, you know,ย ย 
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
17:23
they asked a question, you say, "ใฏใ„...ะ”ะฐ."ย  Like, you're just ...do you mix up languages?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "ใฏใ„...ะ”ะฐ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ...์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ž๋‚˜์š”?
17:32
Sure. It happens. I can, and the strangestย  language connections occasionally, you know,ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”. ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
17:41
the brain kind of short circuits something.ย  It happens. It's like I also make mistakesย ย 
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:48
in languages. I forget things in languages.ย  All of these things happen and, obviously,ย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
17:53
if I had only learned one other language, I wouldย  make fewer mistakes. I wouldn't confuse them,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋œ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
17:59
but it's just a condition of learning differentย  languages. It's barely noticeable when you'reย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:04
communicating with someone. They hear a word thatย  doesn't belong. They don't know quite what it is.ย ย 
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. ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
It happens to be Persian. You're speaking Russian.ย  Yeah. I don't worry about it, but it does happen,ย ย 
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค.
18:14
and if you then uh and typically it'll happen ifย  I've been putting a lot of effort into Persian,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:19
and then I'm trying to speak Korean. Then theย  odd Persian word is going to jump in there,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด๊ฐ€ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
18:23
but if I continue with my Korean, and then thatย  won't happen. So it's one of these things thatย ย 
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:28
happens. It's part of the imperfect world ofย  learning languages, not really a big issue. Iย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
18:35
marvel at what your brain has been able to do. Doย  you think knowing all these languages has changedย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์— ๊ฒฝํƒ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
18:42
your mindset? Your world view? Well absolutely.ย  To the extent that every language you learnย ย 
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? ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์€? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
18:49
is a kind of a door to that culture and thoseย  people, so people whose language you know,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
18:57
they kind of come alive more and typically likeย  right now with Persian and Turkish, I find myselfย ย 
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๋” ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด์™€ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์–ด
19:04
interested in the history of Central Asia, andย  so I buy books on the subject, which I read inย ย 
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์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
19:10
English because it's too difficult for me to readย  them in Persian, let's say, but it just dragsย ย 
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด๋กœ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
19:15
you into that other world, and the more you knowย  about different countries through the language orย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
19:20
basically stimulated by the language, of course,ย  you have a more complete picture of those peopleย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
19:26
and and those histories and and those cultures.ย  So it it changes your world view definitely.ย ย 
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๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
That's wonderful. But it's not because I speakย  different languages. It's more that through theย ย 
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญ ํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
languages I've learned so much more. And youย  also...I appreciate the fact that, you know,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ๋„... ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
19:40
in different languages you can have differentย  sounds. You can have different ways of expressingย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:44
the same thing. You can even have things thatย  they say in that language that we don't say inย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
19:50
some other language, so you become more aware ofย  how many different ways there are of being human.ย ย 
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
Let's put it that way. Wonderful. Thank you soย  much. I don't know if we have time for one finalย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:02
question. Sure. It's a request, not to put youย  on the spot, but I don't...I have a little bitย ย 
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. ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์š”์ฒญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ... ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
20:09
of knowledge of some other languages to help meย  understand the challenges that my students face.ย ย 
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:14
The only language that I've really pursued soย  that I can be um conversational is Russian, and Iย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์Œ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด์ด๊ณ , ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋กœ
20:22
thought if we just end with just a couple of linesย  in Russian, would you feel comfortable doing that?
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๋ช‡ ์ค„๋งŒ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
[Russian] Of course. Good.
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20:27
And for everyone listeningย  I'll try to explain perhapsย ย 
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[๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด] ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ข‹์€.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
20:33
in the video description what we're saying. Yeah.
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๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘.
20:36
[Translation] I just thought it would be interesting for viewers to hear how you and I speak in the Russian language.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„ˆ์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ.
20:42
Although with mistakes maybe, but... Yes, of course. But it's possible.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ... ๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
Because I personally believe that practice is necessary. Practice is important.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
But it's not necessary...not so important to speak (only) with native speakers.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ (์˜ค์ง) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:58
It's useful, of course, but in order to speak, you have to speak with people.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
And if a person speaks with other people who also study the language, I consider that useful. Do you agree?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:13
I agree. I think when we study any language, you have to hear...I prefer to hear native speakers.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...์ €๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:25
Yes, because even though I speak with mistakes, my pronunciation isn't, let's say, so...perfect.
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๋„ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋„ ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด..๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ.. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
21:39
In any case, it's a model. I need to...as much as possible...I forgot my Russian.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”...๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์ด...๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:48
And there's Persian that my brain is stopping me from speaking Russian.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:00
But many people, the majority of people who speak English are not native speakers.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
That's true. It's necessary to understand.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
If someone speaks with you, I don't know, and they're from Russia, China, Brazil, you have to understand them.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
That's why I think understanding English spoken by those who aren't native speakers is important.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
It's important. But in the case of other languages, it's not so important. And to speak, yes, I prefer to speak with native speakers when I'm studying.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
Because it's not only a native speaker, but it's also actually someone who carries the culture. Yes. That's true.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:01
That's why I prefer...but all the same, you have to speak. And more than anything, as you know, I concentrate on listening and reading.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:14
When I listen, more than anything, I prefer to listen to native speakers.
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์ €๋Š” ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:23
Thank you. Thank you. And justย  the way to conclude to that,ย ย 
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
23:27
I'll just say those who don't speak Russian is...Iย  do think it's wonderful to have clear models, butย ย 
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€... ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
23:33
the opportunity to speak is there, especiallyย  for English, as Steve said. Because it is such aย ย 
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๋งํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ Steve๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
23:39
global language. There are people to practice withย  and not necessarily native speakers. And I'll justย ย 
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์–ธ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
23:45
add when I was studying Russian, we had a languageย  pledge, and I was studying with other Americans, andย ย 
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๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ์–ด ์„œ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
23:51
while we were studying, we promised only to speakย  Russian with each other, and that's how I also gotย ย 
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
23:55
my daily practice, not just in the classroom withย  the teachers, but with my classmates. And I beganย ย 
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์ œ ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธ‰์šฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
24:00
to feel more confident and lose some of my shynessย  speaking with other learners. So one thing I wouldย ย 
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๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๋œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€
24:08
add, I think one has to be a little careful, like I...ย  in Japan, for example, Japanese people get togetherย ย 
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๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์ €... ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
24:14
in their conversation classes and it can reinforceย  incorrect usage. True, true. Poor pronunciation...ย ย 
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ํšŒํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋ชจ์ด๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ ์ง„์งœ. ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ...
24:22
As you know, I've put a major emphasis on input. Iย  don't believe you need to speak all that much atย ย 
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
least until you have a high level of comprehension,ย  so to me the number one goal is comprehension, uhย ย 
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ, ์–ด
24:35
vocabulary, and if you have those things, when youย  get the opportunity to speak, whether it be withย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ ,
24:40
a native speaker or a non-native speaker, you'reย  going to be able to speak better and better andย ย 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด๋“  ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด๋“  ๋ง์„ ์ ์  ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
24:44
eventually to speak well, you have to speak aย  lot, but in the case of English, English is quiteย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ง์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ
24:48
different from most languages. I mean Russian,ย  of course, Russian is spoken to some extent inย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์ „
24:53
the former sort of Soviet sphere, although lessย  so than it was, but in the case of Englishย ,ย 
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๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
25:01
you know, sometimes people say, "Well, should I learnย  English English or should I learn American English?ย 
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๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "์Œ, ์˜์–ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
25:06
You know, you have to be able to understand Indianย  and English, Singapore English, Brazilian English,ย ย 
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ธ๋„ ์™€ ์˜์–ด, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์˜์–ด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์‹ ์˜์–ด,
25:12
French English, so in the case of English, it'sย  very important to listen to English spoken byย ย 
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:17
non-native speakers. I'm not so convinced thatย  that's true of other languages because I findย ย 
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. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:22
it's always more motivating to listen to a nativeย  speaker, so to that extent, my content...if I allย ย 
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25:30
the languages that I learn, I don't...if I hear aย  non-native speaker, I turn them off. I wantย ย 
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... ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
to hear the native speaker of Persian or of Arabic,ย  but English is a bit of a separate case.
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์–ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž์–ด์˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:42
You're going to...you might find yourself in in discussionย  with, you know, somebody from Mexico or somebodyย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€...๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
25:46
from, you know, Portugal wherever. China, Japan. Youย  have to be able to understand what they're sayingย ย ,
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ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ† ๋ก  ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์›ํžˆ. ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
25:51
so you have to develop that level of flexibilityย  that you can understand all different kinds ofย ย 
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์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:56
English, and similarly when people worry aboutย  "Should I learn, you know, Mexican Spanish or Spanishย ย 
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26:01
from Spain, you have to be able to understand themย  all, so I think when it comes to listening youย ย 
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ
26:06
should have as broad a range as possible, andย  when it comes to sort of developing your ownย ย 
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๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ข…์˜
26:11
speaking ability, I think is useful to focus in onย  native speakers Thank you so much, Steve Kaufman.ย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. in on ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Steve Kaufman.
26:17
Thank you so much for your time, and it's been aย  pleasure meeting you. Okay. Same here. Thank you.ย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:23
Bye. So, what can you take away from this? Iย  hope you remember what Steve said about tryingย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Steve๊ฐ€
26:31
to speak a language perfectly: don't. Both Steveย  and I agreed perfection is off the table. Go easyย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Steve ์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•จ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ œํ•˜์„ธ์š”
26:40
on yourself. You can strive for a high degree ofย  accuracy, but mistakes happen in communication.ย ย 
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. ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:48
Also, you're never too old to learn. You need aย  genuine interest and a real desire. Prioritizeย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:56
language learning. Work it into your life.ย  Look for ways to expose yourself to English.ย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ž์‹ ์„ ์˜์–ด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š”
27:04
Remember there are many resourcesย  out there. Steve's YouTube channelย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์˜ YouTube ์ฑ„๋„ ์ด
27:09
is one of them. I'll put theย  link in the video description.ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:14
In my opinion, your fellow language learners areย  a resource as well. If you have a conversationย ย 
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ๋„ ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ™”
27:21
partner, this is a way to gain practice andย  build confidence expressing yourself in English.ย ย 
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์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:29
I agree with Steve that you need to be ableย  to understand English spoken by many differentย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” Steve์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:35
people. It's a global language, but I'll clarifyย  and tell you that I personally feel there are veryย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์–ธ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ• 
27:42
proficient non-native English speakers who canย  provide a good model, so you don't have to limitย ย 
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
27:49
your search to native speakers. Okay? Pleaseย  remember to like and share the video. If youย ย 
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
27:56
found the interview useful. As always, thanksย  for watching and happy studies! I'd like to sayย ย 
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
28:04
a special thank you to a kind-hearted Patron.ย  Elena pledged two dollars a month. Thank you.
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์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„์›์ž๋‹˜๊ป˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Elena๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,ย ย 
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Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, ๋ฐ Patreon์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”
28:16
and Patreon. And don't forget to subscribeย  here on YouTube. Turn on those notifications.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ YouTube์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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