Reducing Adverb Clauses to Phrases (2 of 4) - Advanced English Grammar-

62,649 views ・ 2015-10-22

English with Jennifer


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:09
Reducing an adverb clause
0
9480
2400
λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” 것은
00:11
means shortening it to a phrase.
1
11880
3220
λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ ꡬ둜 μ€„μ΄λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
So to reduce an adverb clause of time,
2
15960
3120
λ”°λΌμ„œ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ 쀄이렀면
00:19
we need a time word and a present participle.
3
19220
3580
μ‹œκ°„μ–΄μ™€ ν˜„μž¬ 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
That's the -ing form of the verb.
4
23060
2960
λ™μ‚¬μ˜ -ing ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
Look at this example.
5
26260
2200
이 예λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
00:41
The present participle has an active meaning,
6
41580
3120
ν˜„μž¬ λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λŠ₯동적인 의미λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
00:45
so it's understood that the subject is doing the action.
7
45900
3760
μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 행동을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 두 절의 μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 같은 경우
00:54
We can only form a phrase from an adverb clause
8
54920
4240
μ—λ§Œ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ—μ„œ ꡬλ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:59
if the subjects of the two clauses are the same.
9
59160
5320
.
01:06
Who fell asleep? I did.
10
66080
2540
λˆ„κ°€ μž λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ‚˜λŠ”ν–ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Who began to have strange dreams? I did.
11
69100
3860
λˆ„κ°€ μ΄μƒν•œ κΏˆμ„ κΎΈκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ‚˜λŠ”ν–ˆλ‹€.
01:13
So the subjects are the same.
12
73120
2080
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όλͺ©μ€ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
That's why we can use this phrase.
13
75380
2780
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
Look at this new sentence.
14
82900
2020
이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:25
Can the adverb clause be reduced to a phrase?
15
85120
4080
λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ ꡬ둜 쀄일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:31
No. The subjects are different.
16
91560
3620
μ•„λ‹ˆμš”. κ³Όλͺ©μ΄ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Here's how you make an adverb clause a phrase.
17
101460
3040
λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ ꡬ둜 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And remember with that present participle
18
145480
2880
그리고 ν˜„μž¬ λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ
02:28
you're expressing an active meaning.
19
148360
2240
λŠ₯동적 의미λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:40
We don't always use a time word
20
160260
2000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ 단좕할 λ•Œ 항상 μ‹œκ°„ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:42
when we shorten an adverb clause of time.
21
162260
2720
.
02:46
While is often omitted because it's understood.
22
166400
3840
while은 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° 쉽기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ’…μ’… μƒλž΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Hopefully, you understand how I wrote this sentence in the story.
23
174020
4400
λ°”λΌκ±΄λŒ€, λ‚΄κ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œ 이 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΌλŠ”μ§€ 당신이 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Let me point out that the full adverb clause
24
191180
2880
전체 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ΄
03:14
could be written a different way.
25
194060
1840
λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ“°μ—¬μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ§€μ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
After "while" there could be a progressive verb:
26
196340
3280
"while" λ’€μ—λŠ” μ§„ν–‰ν˜• 동사가 올 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
03:19
"While two children were sleeping..."
27
199980
2640
"While two children were sleeping..."
03:24
That makes sense, too.
28
204780
1520
이것도 말이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Again, the process would be the same.
29
207280
2480
λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λŠ” λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
We remove any helping verb.
30
210440
1840
쑰동사λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
- in this case a form of BE.
31
212360
1880
- 이 경우 BE의 ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
And our main verb is already a present participle.
32
215060
3360
그리고 우리의 λ³Έλ™μ‚¬λŠ” 이미 ν˜„μž¬λΆ„μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
So this makes our job easier.
33
219140
2120
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 우리의 일을 더 μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
When we change adverb clauses with progressive verbs,
34
221820
3680
μ§„ν–‰ν˜• λ™μ‚¬λ‘œ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ λ°”κΏ€ λ•ŒλŠ”
03:45
just take out the form of BE
35
225560
2340
BE ν˜•νƒœλ§Œ λΉΌκ³ 
03:47
and keep the present participle.
36
227900
2680
ν˜„μž¬λΆ„μ‚¬λ§Œ μ“΄λ‹€.
04:03
I mentioned that we often omit "while"
37
243940
2640
λ‚˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 문ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ λ•Œ μ’…μ’… "while"을 μƒλž΅ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:06
when we create these phrases.
38
246580
1900
.
04:09
We sometimes omit "when," too.
39
249160
3060
λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ "μ–Έμ œ"도 μƒλž΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
I did this in the story.
40
253040
1820
λ‚˜λŠ” 이것을 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œν–ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Look at this example.
41
255520
1440
이 예λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:25
When is understood, so I left it out.
42
265700
3580
μ–Έμ œ 이해 ν–ˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μƒλž΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
My story isn't very formal,
43
270400
1840
λ‚΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” ν˜•μ‹μ μ΄μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
04:32
but in more formal English I could have written:
44
272520
3880
μ’€ 더 ν˜•μ‹μ μΈ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
"Upon" is a time word that has the meaning of "when."
45
280860
3440
"Upon"은 "μ–Έμ œ"λΌλŠ” 의미λ₯Ό 가진 μ‹œκ°„ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
Let's talk for a moment about word order.
46
293760
2980
단어 μˆœμ„œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μž μ‹œ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:57
These phrases that act like adverbs
47
297300
2820
λΆ€μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ”
05:00
are usually in an initial position.
48
300340
2740
일반적으둜 초기 μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
At the beginning of a sentence.
49
303080
1920
λ¬Έμž₯의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄에.
05:05
But they can also be in a final position.
50
305140
3060
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 λ˜ν•œ μ΅œμ’… μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
Let's look at some examples.
51
308500
2560
λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Here are two lines from the story.
52
314980
2620
λ‹€μŒμ€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 두 μ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
In both sentences, the phrase comes before the main clause.
53
330060
5540
두 λ¬Έμž₯ λͺ¨λ‘ ꡬ가 주절 μ•žμ— μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
Commas are generally used for separation.
54
336620
3220
μ‰Όν‘œλŠ” 일반적으둜 ꡬ뢄에 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
Now compare those examples to these.
55
341860
3820
이제 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ‹€μŒκ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:46
I have two more lines from the story.
56
346020
2420
μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œ 두 쀄이 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
In these two sentences, the phrase comes after the main clause.
57
364660
4900
이 두 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ κ΅¬λŠ” 주절 뒀에 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
Commas aren't always used for separation in this case.
58
370740
3680
이 경우 ꡬ뢄에 μ‰Όν‘œκ°€ 항상 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
In the first sentence, I chose not to use a comma.
59
374420
3120
첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ‰Όν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
The phrase is quite short.
60
377760
1760
문ꡬ가 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ§§μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
In the second, we have a longer phrase.
61
379880
2560
두 λ²ˆμ§Έμ—λŠ” 더 κΈ΄ ꡬ가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
Most writers would use a comma here.
62
382860
2400
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μž‘κ°€λŠ” 여기에 μ‰Όν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
It helps the reader to separate the two ideas.
63
385580
3560
λ…μžκ°€ 두 가지 아이디어λ₯Ό λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
I'd like you to try a very short exercise to test your understanding.
64
395540
5340
이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
I'll give you three sentences.
65
409520
2340
μ„Έ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7