English Grammar: Avoid 5 Common Mistakes with THERE IS / THERE ARE

83,451 views ใƒป 2017-09-08

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
This is a living room. There is a couch. There is a fireplace.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒชใƒ“ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆš–็‚‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
There are windows. There are pillows.
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็ช“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆž•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:13
When you were first learning English, you probably made sentences like these
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณๅง‹ใ‚ใŸ้ ƒใ€
00:18
to talk about things you see or things that exist.
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่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:24
It seems like an easy topic, right?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
00:27
But as you know, simple things become a bit more complicated as you progress in your studies.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใŒ้€ฒใ‚€ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชใ“ใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:34
In this lesson, let's make sure you're avoiding common mistakes with There is/There are.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€There is/There are ใฎใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:44
[title]
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[ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซ]
00:56
Don't choose the wrong verb form. Use subject-verb agreement.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅˆๆ„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
We use THERE plus a form of BE to talk about things that exist.
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THERE ใจ BE ใฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
The focus is on the noun that follows the verb BE.
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็„ฆ็‚นใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž BE ใซ็ถšใๅ่ฉžใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
We use a singular verb before a singular noun.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
For example, this is a living room. There is a couch. There is a fireplace.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒชใƒ“ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆš–็‚‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:24
We use a plural verb before a plural noun.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
There are windows. There are pillows.
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็ช“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆž•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
If you have an uncountable noun, remember to use a singular verb.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:38
There is enough room here for a piano. Usually there is plenty of sunlight.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ‚’็ฝฎใใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ๅๅˆ†ใชๆ—ฅๅ…‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
Some words can create confusion. "Variety" is a good example.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใƒฉใ‚จใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€ใŒใ„ใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
Even native speakers get confused and wonder if we should write
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚‚
01:57
"There is a wide variety of products." OR "There are a wide variety of products."
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ใ€Œใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชๅ•†ๅ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใในใใ‹่ฟทใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅคš็จฎๅคšๆง˜ใช่ฃฝๅ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:06
Most dictionaries list "variety" (in "a wide variety") as a singular noun,
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่พžๆ›ธใงใฏใ€ใ€Œvarietyใ€(ใ€Œๅคš็จฎๅคšๆง˜ใ€ใฎไธญใฎใ€Œvarietyใ€) ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ
02:10
which leads us to the conclusion that we should say "There is a wide variety of products."
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œๅคš็จฎๅคšๆง˜ใช่ฃฝๅ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็ต่ซ–ใซ่‡ณใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
But here's another solution: Find an alternative. How about this?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ไปฃๆ›ฟๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ
02:23
The store has a wide variety. They sell many different products.
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ๅบ—ๅ†…ใฏๅ“ๆƒใˆ่ฑŠๅฏŒใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
Don't break the rules at the wrong time.
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้–“้•ใฃใŸใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใงใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:37
You can get away with breaking subject-verb agreement rules, but only in very informal English, especially spoken English.
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅˆๆ„่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’็ ดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ€็‰นใซๅฃ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎใฟๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
02:49
I just said the verb has to agree with the noun that follows.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅพŒใซ็ถšใๅ่ฉžใจไธ€่‡ดใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:53
But in American English, it's become somewhat acceptable to use the contraction "There's" before a plural noun.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎใ€ŒThere'sใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
03:02
This is my purse, and it's really heavy.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ่ฒกๅธƒใงใ™ใŒใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚้‡ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:06
There's probably a lot of things in here that I don't need.
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่ฆใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅคšๅˆ†ใ“ใ“ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
Now that's grammatically incorrect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:12
I should say, "There are a lot of things that I probably don't need."
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ใ€ŒใŸใถใ‚“ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
"Things" - that's a plural noun.
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"Things" - ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:20
But in fast informal English, I can say, "There's a lot of things..."
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€้€Ÿๆ”ปใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€ใ€ŒThere's a lot of things...ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ
03:26
There's a lot of things I probably don't need in here.
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
And my listeners won't mind.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:32
But if you're writing formal email or making a business presentation, I don't recommend following this pattern.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆญฃๅผใชใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:42
Follow the rules for subject-verb agreement in more formal situations.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€่‡ดใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
Use a singular verb before a series of singular nouns.
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ไธ€้€ฃใฎๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:56
Here's an example. I'll tell you about the things in this living room.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒชใƒ“ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
There's a couch, a rug, a bookcase, and a piano.
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใ€ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ€ๆœฌๆฃšใ€ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Although I listed more than one thing, the item that immediately followed the verb BE was a singular noun: a couch.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž BE ใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซ็ถšใ้ …็›ฎใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:15
It sounds more natural to use a singular verb.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๆ–นใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
There is a couch.
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:20
It's understood that I could repeat "there is" before each item in the list, but I say it only once.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆๅ†…ใฎๅ„้ …็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใ—ใ‹่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:28
There is a couch, a rug, a bookcase, and a piano.
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใ€ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ€ๆœฌๆฃšใ€ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
Use the word "any" correctly with There is/There are.
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There is/There are ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€Œanyใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:40
We use "any" in questions and in negative statements.
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚„ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€Œanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
To ask whether something exists, you don't need "any."
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใ€Œanyใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:50
For example, I could ask, "Is there a post office nearby?"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใใซ้ƒตไพฟๅฑ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
If you don't care about specific details and you only want a yes-no answer, then you can use "any."
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ›ใšใ€ใฏใ„/ใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ ใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
For example: Is there any electrician who charges less than $100 an hour?
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ไพ‹: 1 ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใฎๆ–™้‡‘ใŒ 100 ใƒ‰ใƒซๆœชๆบ€ใฎ้›ปๆฐ—ๆŠ€ๅธซใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:10
I want to know: Is there one? Anyone?
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็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„๏ผšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ชฐ๏ผŸ
05:13
Name anyone for me who charges less than $100 an hour.
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ๆ™‚็ตฆใŒ 100 ใƒ‰ใƒซๆœชๆบ€ใฎไบบใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:19
In a negative statement, I use "any" to express what I have nothing of.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใฏใ€ใ€Œanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:24
For example, there aren't any flowers in this room.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใฏ่ŠฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:28
There isn't any place to take a long nap.
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้•ทใ„ๆ˜ผๅฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:32
In negative statements, we use "any" with "not."
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใ€Œnotใ€ใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€Œanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
For emphasis, we could simply use "no." As in, there's no place like home.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:46
As a writer, don't overuse "there is/there are"
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ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œthere is/there areใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใชใ„ใง
05:50
because then you're writing will sound wordy.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใŒๅ†—้•ทใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:55
Let's take a moment to consider a difference between speaking and writing.
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่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใจๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:00
We might use "there is/there are" quite a lot in conversation
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚„ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ€Œthere is/there areใ€ใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:05
not only to talk about what exists, but also to recall information or facts.
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ใ€‚
06:13
For example, my husband might complain that we can't go out to dinner because we don't have a babysitter.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎๅคซใฏใ€ใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงๅค•้ฃŸใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
06:19
But then I can mention a possibility that he might have forgotten.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
And I want him to recall this fact.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
06:27
I could say, "Well, there's our neighbor. Couldn't we ask her?"
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€้šฃไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใซ่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:31
I'm presenting this possibility to consider.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
Now let's switch to a written context.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:40
Take a look and tell me if you like how this email sounds.
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ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎ้ŸฟใใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:46
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
07:16
This could be less wordy, couldn't it?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
07:19
Let's compare this version to another.
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ใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:24
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
07:47
Did you note the changes?
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
07:49
Do you see how I reduced the number of times I used "There is/There are"?
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ใ€ŒThere is/There areใ€ใฎไฝฟ็”จๅ›žๆ•ฐใŒๆธ›ใฃใŸใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
08:00
Okay. How well have you been listening?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:03
Let's do a quick check.
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ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:06
Choose the correct verb.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:23
Answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:25
1. There is a bunch of stuff in the hallway.
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1. ๅปŠไธ‹ใซ็‰ฉใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:30
"Stuff" is an uncountable noun.
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ใ€Œstuffใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
There is stuff. How much stuff? A lot of stuff. A bunch of stuff.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผŸ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
08:38
There's a bunch of stuff in the hallway.
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ๅปŠไธ‹ใซ็‰ฉใŒใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใ€‚
08:41
2. We still have to clean the upstairs. There's the bathroom, the two bedrooms, and the attic.
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2. ใพใ ไบŒ้šŽใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚นใƒซใƒผใƒ ใ€2 ใคใฎใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒซใƒผใƒ ใ€ๅฑ‹ๆ น่ฃ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:50
Here we have a string of nouns. The first item is singular: bathroom.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅ่ฉžใฎๅˆ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ …็›ฎใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™: bathroom.
08:57
So it makes sense to use a singular verb.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
It's understood that we could use "There is/There are" constructions before each item.
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ๅ„้ …็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ŒThere is/There areใ€ๆง‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:05
But is sounds most natural to use "there is." There's the bathroom...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œthere isใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚นใƒซใƒผใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...
09:12
3. Are there any questions at this time?
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3. ็พๆ™‚็‚นใงไฝ•ใ‹่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
09:16
"Questions" is a plural noun. We need a plural verb.
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ใ€Œ่ณชๅ•ใ€ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
09:21
And it's a question, so it makes sense to use "any" to ask about the existence of questions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€่ณชๅ•ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€Œanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:30
4. There is no substitute for the support of a good friend.
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4. ่‰ฏใๅ‹ไบบใฎใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:36
Remember in negative statements, we could use "not" + "any" OR the word "no" + the noun.
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ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œnotใ€+ใ€Œanyใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œnoใ€+ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
There is no (what?) There is no substitute.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผˆไฝ•๏ผŸ๏ผ‰ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:49
Here's a bonus task. How would you rewrite this statement to make it more concise?
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:08
Here's my suggestion:
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆๆกˆใงใ™:
10:17
[reads]
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[reads]
10:33
Well, there's probably more we can talk about, but we'll end here.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ™ในใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
10:37
I hope you found this useful.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:40
Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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