English Grammar: Avoid 5 Common Mistakes with THERE IS / THERE ARE

83,451 views ใƒป 2017-09-08

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
This is a living room. There is a couch. There is a fireplace.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ๋‚œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
There are windows. There are pillows.
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
When you were first learning English, you probably made sentences like these
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ
00:18
to talk about things you see or things that exist.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
It seems like an easy topic, right?
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์‰ฌ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ ?
00:27
But as you know, simple things become a bit more complicated as you progress in your studies.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
In this lesson, let's make sure you're avoiding common mistakes with There is/There are.
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์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ๋Š” There is/There are์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:44
[title]
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[์ œ๋ชฉ]
00:56
Don't choose the wrong verb form. Use subject-verb agreement.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
We use THERE plus a form of BE to talk about things that exist.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด THERE์™€ BE์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
The focus is on the noun that follows the verb BE.
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์ดˆ์ ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ BE ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We use a singular verb before a singular noun.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
For example, this is a living room. There is a couch. There is a fireplace.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ๋‚œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
We use a plural verb before a plural noun.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
There are windows. There are pillows.
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
If you have an uncountable noun, remember to use a singular verb.
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
There is enough room here for a piano. Usually there is plenty of sunlight.
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ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Some words can create confusion. "Variety" is a good example.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ"์ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Even native speakers get confused and wonder if we should write
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„
01:57
"There is a wide variety of products." OR "There are a wide variety of products."
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"๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:06
Most dictionaries list "variety" (in "a wide variety") as a singular noun,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „์€ "๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ"("๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ"์—์„œ)์„ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:10
which leads us to the conclusion that we should say "There is a wide variety of products."
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"๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
But here's another solution: Find an alternative. How about this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
02:23
The store has a wide variety. They sell many different products.
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๋งค์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Don't break the rules at the wrong time.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฃผ์–ด
02:37
You can get away with breaking subject-verb agreement rules, but only in very informal English, especially spoken English.
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-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
I just said the verb has to agree with the noun that follows.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
But in American English, it's become somewhat acceptable to use the contraction "There's" before a plural noun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— "There's"๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
This is my purse, and it's really heavy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์ธ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
There's probably a lot of things in here that I don't need.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Now that's grammatically incorrect.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
I should say, "There are a lot of things that I probably don't need."
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"์•„๋งˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
"Things" - that's a plural noun.
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"Things" - ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
But in fast informal English, I can say, "There's a lot of things..."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” "There's a lot of things..."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:26
There's a lot of things I probably don't need in here.
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.
03:29
And my listeners won't mind.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
But if you're writing formal email or making a business presentation, I don't recommend following this pattern.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Follow the rules for subject-verb agreement in more formal situations.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:49
Use a singular verb before a series of singular nouns.
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Here's an example. I'll tell you about the things in this living room.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
There's a couch, a rug, a bookcase, and a piano.
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์†ŒํŒŒ, ๊น”๊ฐœ, ์ฑ…์žฅ, ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Although I listed more than one thing, the item that immediately followed the verb BE was a singular noun: a couch.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ BE ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ ์†ŒํŒŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
It sounds more natural to use a singular verb.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
There is a couch.
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์†ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
It's understood that I could repeat "there is" before each item in the list, but I say it only once.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์•ž์— "์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
There is a couch, a rug, a bookcase, and a piano.
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์†ŒํŒŒ, ๊น”๊ฐœ, ์ฑ…์žฅ, ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Use the word "any" correctly with There is/There are.
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There is/There are์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "any"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:40
We use "any" in questions and in negative statements.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ "any"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
To ask whether something exists, you don't need "any."
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์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” "any"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
For example, I could ask, "Is there a post office nearby?"
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
If you don't care about specific details and you only want a yes-no answer, then you can use "any."
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ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์˜ˆ-์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค ๋Œ€๋‹ต๋งŒ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "any"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
For example: Is there any electrician who charges less than $100 an hour?
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์˜ˆ: ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น $100 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:10
I want to know: Is there one? Anyone?
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜?
05:13
Name anyone for me who charges less than $100 an hour.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:19
In a negative statement, I use "any" to express what I have nothing of.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "any"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
For example, there aren't any flowers in this room.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๋ฐฉ์—๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
There isn't any place to take a long nap.
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๊ธด ๋‚ฎ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ณณ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
In negative statements, we use "any" with "not."
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” "not"๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "any"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
For emphasis, we could simply use "no." As in, there's no place like home.
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
As a writer, don't overuse "there is/there are"
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์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ "์žˆ๋‹ค/์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:50
because then you're writing will sound wordy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ด ์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Let's take a moment to consider a difference between speaking and writing.
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:00
We might use "there is/there are" quite a lot in conversation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:05
not only to talk about what exists, but also to recall information or facts.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ "there is/there are"๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
For example, my husband might complain that we can't go out to dinner because we don't have a babysitter.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์™ธ์‹์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
But then I can mention a possibility that he might have forgotten.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And I want him to recall this fact.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
I could say, "Well, there's our neighbor. Couldn't we ask her?"
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"์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์›ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?"
06:31
I'm presenting this possibility to consider.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Now let's switch to a written context.
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์ด์ œ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Take a look and tell me if you like how this email sounds.
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์ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:46
[reads]
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[์ฝ๋‹ค]
07:16
This could be less wordy, couldn't it?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋œ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:19
Let's compare this version to another.
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์ด ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:24
[reads]
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[์ฝ๋‹ค]
07:47
Did you note the changes?
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๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
07:49
Do you see how I reduced the number of times I used "There is/There are"?
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"์žˆ๋‹ค/์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ค„์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:00
Okay. How well have you been listening?
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:03
Let's do a quick check.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
08:06
Choose the correct verb.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:23
Answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€.
08:25
1. There is a bunch of stuff in the hallway.
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1. ๋ณต๋„์— ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์ž”๋œฉ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:30
"Stuff" is an uncountable noun.
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"Stuff"๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
There is stuff. How much stuff? A lot of stuff. A bunch of stuff.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด? ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด.
08:38
There's a bunch of stuff in the hallway.
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๋ณต๋„์— ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์ž”๋œฉ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
2. We still have to clean the upstairs. There's the bathroom, the two bedrooms, and the attic.
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2. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ„์ธต์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š•์‹ค, ์นจ์‹ค 2๊ฐœ, ๋‹ค๋ฝ๋ฐฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Here we have a string of nouns. The first item is singular: bathroom.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์š•์‹ค.
08:57
So it makes sense to use a singular verb.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
It's understood that we could use "There is/There are" constructions before each item.
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๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์•ž์— "There is/There are" ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
But is sounds most natural to use "there is." There's the bathroom...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด...
09:12
3. Are there any questions at this time?
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3. ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:16
"Questions" is a plural noun. We need a plural verb.
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"์งˆ๋ฌธ"์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
And it's a question, so it makes sense to use "any" to ask about the existence of questions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ "any"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
4. There is no substitute for the support of a good friend.
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4. ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Remember in negative statements, we could use "not" + "any" OR the word "no" + the noun.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ "not" + "any" ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด "no" + ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:43
There is no (what?) There is no substitute.
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(๋ฌด์—‡?) ๋Œ€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Here's a bonus task. How would you rewrite this statement to make it more concise?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ์ž‘์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:08
Here's my suggestion:
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์ œ ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
[reads]
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[์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค]
10:33
Well, there's probably more we can talk about, but we'll end here.
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์Œ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
I hope you found this useful.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ
10:40
Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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