Using English Prepositions - Lesson 7: From, To, Till, Until - Part 1 (time)

50,787 views ใƒป 2015-10-05

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:10
Prepositions of time help us talk about daily routines
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚„ๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
00:14
and weekly schedules.
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ใ€‚
00:16
I'd like you to listen as I ask my son
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ๆฏๅญใซๅญฆๆ กใฎไบˆๅฎšใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„
00:19
about his school schedule.
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ใ€‚
00:21
Listen for the starting and ending times of his school day.
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ๅฝผใฎๅญฆๆ กใฎๅง‹ๆฅญๆ™‚้–“ใจ็ต‚ๆฅญๆ™‚้–“ใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:35
When you go to school, do you know
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ๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใจใใ€
00:36
that you're in school for about six hours?
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6ๆ™‚้–“ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:39
Do you know that?
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:40
Well, the hours really go by.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ŽใŽใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
I'm glad they go by fast.
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้€Ÿใ้€šใ‚Š้ŽใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
So when are you in school? School starts at...
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅญฆๆ กใฏ 8:45 ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€2:
00:48
8:45
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00:50
And it goes to...
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45 ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™
00:52
um, 2:45.
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ใ€‚
00:53
So from 8:45 to 2:45
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8ๆ™‚45ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰2ๆ™‚45ๅˆ†ใพใง
00:56
you're in school.
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ใฏๅญฆๆ กใงใ™ใ€‚
00:57
Which months are you in school?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ๆœˆใซๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:59
From September all the way to June.
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9ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰6ๆœˆใพใงใšใฃใจใ€‚
01:07
So my son starts school at...
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ๆฏๅญใฏ
01:10
8:45.
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8ๆ™‚45ๅˆ†ใซ็™ปๆ กใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
And what time does school end?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅญฆๆ กใฏไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:17
2:45.
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2:45ใ€‚
01:19
The quick way to say that is from 8:45 to 2:45.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€8:45 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 2:45 ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
We use the prepositions FROM and TO to mark a range.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž FROM ใจ TO ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ‚’ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
A starting point and an ending point.
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ๅง‹็‚นใจ็ต‚็‚นใ€‚
01:35
We could also use FROM...UNTIL.
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FROM...UNTIL ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
Perhaps it's a little less common,
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
01:41
but it's also possible and you'll hear it.
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
For example, my children are in school
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใก
01:47
from the beginning of September until the middle of June.
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ใฏ 9 ๆœˆใฎๅˆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ 6 ๆœˆใฎๅŠใฐใพใงๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
From...until. From..to.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆใพใงใ€‚ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚
01:57
These prepositions mark a range.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
And we can be talking about
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใพใŸใฏ้•ทๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
02:09
short or long periods of time.
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.
02:22
My son said, "From September all the way to June."
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ๆฏๅญใฏใ€Œ9ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰6ๆœˆใพใงใšใฃใจใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:26
He was emphasizing the long period of time.
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ๅฝผใฏ้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:30
You'll also hear the phrase "from beginning to end."
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ใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚‚่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
Which means the whole time of some event.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅ…จๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
FROM...TO... doesn't always define a specific range of time.
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FROM...TO... ใฏใ€ๅธธใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:24
Remember you may also hear FROM...UNTIL.
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FROM...UNTIL ใ‚‚่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:41
The preposition TO can be used alone
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž TO ใ‚’ๅ˜็‹ฌใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใพใŸใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅ‰ใซ
03:44
to mark how much time is left
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:47
before some point or before some event.
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ใ€‚
03:51
When we're telling the time of day,
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ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
03:53
we can say 2:45
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2:45 ใพใŸใฏ 1/4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:56
or quarter to three.
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ใ€‚
03:59
Listen. It's quarter to three.
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่žใใ€‚ 4 ๅˆ†ใฎ 3 ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:03
Another way we can say that is with the preposition TILL.
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ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž TILL ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
It's quarter till three. It's quarter till.
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15ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰3ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
So TO and TILL can be used the same way.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€TO ใจ TILL ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
TILL is a short form of UNTIL.
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TILL ใฏ UNTIL ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
04:19
They're basically the same word.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
Some feel that TILL is used more in spoken English,
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใฏใ€TILL ใฏๅฃ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
04:26
so perhaps it's less formal.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝขๅผ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:29
But again they mean the same thing.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:32
In other situations you have a choice.
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ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:35
You can use TO, TILL, UNTIL.
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TOใ€TILLใ€UNTIL ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
For example, right now it's the beginning of October.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปŠใฏ 10 ๆœˆใฎๅˆใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:42
At the end of this month, we have a holiday.
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ไปŠๆœˆๆœซใฏใŠไผ‘ใฟใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:44
My children are looking forward to Halloween.
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ใ†ใกใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
For more weeks to Halloween!
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ใƒใƒญใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใพใงใ‚ใจๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“๏ผ
05:00
All three ways are fine.
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3ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ™ในใฆๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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