Using English Prepositions - Lesson 6, Part 3 (time) - A good grammar review!

30,779 views ใƒป 2015-06-25

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:08
Let's review before we try an exercise.
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ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:43
The tricky thing is that there can be overlap.
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ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€้‡่ค‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:06
"During," though, can refer to an entire period.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œไธญใ€ใฏๆœŸ้–“ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
"During" actually has two uses.
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ใ€Œไธญใ€ใซใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:15
It can refer to an entire period
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ๆœŸ้–“ๅ…จไฝ“ใพใŸใฏๆœŸ้–“ๅ†…ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:17
or at some time within a period.
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ใ€‚
01:21
For example:
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ
01:32
Now, if "during" refers to an entire period,
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ใ€ใ€Œduringใ€ใŒๆœŸ้–“ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œthroughoutใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ็”จๆณ•
01:35
we have to recall one more preposition
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ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
01:38
with a similar use: "throughout."
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
An example:
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ไพ‹:
01:50
"Throughout" really emphasizes the entire period
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ใ€ŒThroughoutใ€ใฏ
01:53
from beginning to end.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใฎๆœŸ้–“ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
We've been talking about periods of time.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:01
So which preposition could we use with weekend?
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ใงใฏใ€weekend ใซใฏใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
02:07
In American English there are two common choices.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€2 ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
We often talk about what we do
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใใ€้€ฑๆœซใพใŸใฏ้€ฑๆœซใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
02:13
or things that happen
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02:15
ON the weekend or OVER the weekend.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
We say:
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02:24
"On" simply answers the question WHEN?
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œใ„ใค๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
One might also say:
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ใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
"Over" also answers the question WHEN?
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ใ€ŒOverใ€ใฏใ€ใ„ใค?ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:38
But this emphasizes that you need the whole period to do something.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ…จๆœŸ้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
02:43
You won't finish before the end of that period.
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ใใฎๆœŸ้–“ใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œoverใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
02:50
Be sure not to confuse two different ways
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2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:53
we use the preposition "over."
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ใ€‚
03:14
Another preposition with more than one use is "in."
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅˆฅใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€Œinใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:20
The focus so far has been on periods of time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใฏใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:25
We can say:
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™:
03:31
I told you that we use "in" with longer periods of time.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ€Œใงใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
03:36
"In the month of February" is closest in meaning to...
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ใ€Œ2 ๆœˆใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใ„ใฎใฏ...
03:44
What if I say:
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03:49
Does "in" have the meaning of "during"?
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ใ€Œinใ€ใซใฏใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
03:53
No.
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03:54
And the period of time here is much shorter.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆœŸ้–“ใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็Ÿญใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
10 minutes.
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10ๅˆ†ใ€‚
04:00
I can use "in" with any amount of time.
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ใ€Œinใ€ใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
- A short period of a long period.
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- ้•ทๆœŸใฎ็ŸญๆœŸใ€‚
04:07
"In" can have the meaning of "after."
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"in" ใซใฏ "after" ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
I know the different uses and the overlap
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็งใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็”จ้€”ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€้‡่ค‡
04:26
can be confusing.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
My advice to help you remember
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่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็งใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น
04:30
is to study the patterns I've shown you -
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ใฏใ€็งใŒ็คบใ—ใŸใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™-
04:33
like IN the morning, IN the afternoon, IN the evening.
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ๆœใ€ๅˆๅพŒใ€ๅค•ๆ–นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ.
04:38
And study key examples,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
04:40
like "I'll be home in 10 minutes."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใจ10ๅˆ†ใงๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใฎ้‡่ฆใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:50
Let's try an exercise to review
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04:52
the six prepositions of time that we've looked at.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸๆ™‚้–“ใฎ 6 ใคใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:08
The story in the exercise is one that I made up
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ๆผ”็ฟ’ใฎ่ฉฑใฏใ€
09:12
because it's fun to imagine things sometimes, isn't it?
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ใŸใพใซๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใŒไฝœใฃใŸ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
09:16
Now it's your turn.
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ไปŠใงใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
09:31
That's all for now.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
Thanks for watching. Happy studies!
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใƒใƒƒใƒ”ใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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