Writing Letters: formal & informal English

2,967,159 views ใƒป 2013-11-11

English with Emma


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hello, my name is Emma, and in today's lesson we are going to learn about writing. What
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
00:09
kind of writing? Writing letters. Okay? So this is important for people who work in business.
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์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธ€? ํŽธ์ง€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
It's also important for people who like to write letters to their friends maybe or to
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜
00:23
their grandparents in English. Also, it is very... It is a very useful video for anyone
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์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ... ์ œ๋„ˆ๋Ÿด ์•„์ด์—˜์ธ  ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
who is taking the general IELTS test. So if you're taking not academic, but general, this
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
00:40
is an important video. And also, if you plan to immigrate to Canada and you want to do
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ด๋ฏผ์„ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
00:46
the Canadian immigration test which is called: "the CELPIP", this video is also... It will
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"the CELPIP"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ด๋ฏผ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋„...
00:52
also be useful and helpful to you. Okay?
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์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:54
So let's get started. What do I mean by "formal" and "informal"? "Informal" means something
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ณต์‹" ๊ณผ "๋น„๊ณต์‹"์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋น„๊ณต์‹์ "์ด๋ž€
01:04
you would write to your friends, something you would write to your parents, - well, probably
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์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด
01:10
your parents unless you're afraid of your parents, then you might be more formal -, your
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๋‘๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
classmates, your coworkers. Okay? So this is... It means it's not formal; it's for people
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€... ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
you know well. On the other hand, "formal" English we use with strangers, we use with
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” "๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š”" ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
01:34
our boss, in the workplace, we use it in these different ways. So it's the English you really
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ
01:44
have to think about, whereas informal is kind of the relaxed English. So relaxed, serious. Okay?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜์–ด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
01:54
So, sometimes you will have to write a letter formally, maybe to your boss or your company,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—,
02:01
other times maybe you're on holiday and you want to write a letter to your friend, you'll
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ
02:06
use informal English. So what is the difference? Let's see.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ณด์ž.
02:12
Informal English uses contractions. What are contractions? "Didn't", "wouldn't", "couldn't",
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "
02:22
"haven't", "hasn't". So if you see a verb with an apostrophe and then a "t", that is
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์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์™€ "t"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด
02:33
a contraction. Okay? It's very important to know this because in formal writing, you don't
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
use contractions. "Didn't" would be: "Did not". I can write that for you. "Did not".
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. "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค".
02:54
Couldn't: could not, haven't: have not, can't: cannot. Okay? So that's one major difference.
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๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค: ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค: ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค: ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Another major difference between formal and informal writing is the use of idioms; the
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๊ณต์‹ ์ž‘๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
use of certain expressions. If I'm writing to my friend, maybe I'll say: "Oh, you know,
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ํŠน์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:21
I've been very under the weather lately." Meaning: I've been very sick. If I'm writing
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. ์˜๋ฏธ: ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š”
03:27
to my boss, I won't use idioms. If I'm writing a formal letter, I will not use idioms. Those
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๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ
03:34
aren't good to use in formal writing.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:39
Phrasal verbs, this is another thing we find in informal writing. What is a phrasal verb?
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๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:47
It's a verb that has a preposition. Okay? So, for example: "find out", "find" is a verb,
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "find out", "find"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ 
03:55
"out" is the preposition. "Go" is the verb, "up" is the preposition. So the... The preposition
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"out"์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Go"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  "up"์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. So the... ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
04:03
adds a different meaning to the verb. Phrasal verbs are very difficult to learn; we have
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๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
so many of them in English. My students have told me phrasal verbs are one of the hardest
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
04:14
parts of learning English, but it's possible, you can do it.
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
So, in informal writing, we use phrasal verbs, whereas in formal writing: what do we use?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ณต์‹ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:29
We don't use phrasal verbs. We usually use longer words that mean the same thing. Example:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ๊ธด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
04:36
"find out": "discover". "Discover" is more formal. "Go up", for example: "Prices have
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"์ฐพ๋‹ค": "๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋‹ค". "Discover"๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ƒ์Šน", ์˜ˆ: "๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด
04:48
gone up.": "Prices have increased." "Increased" is more formal. Okay. For more of these examples,
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์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.": "๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "Increased"๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
04:59
there will be a list in the resource section of the engVid website.
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engVid ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ์„น์…˜์— ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
I'll talk more about that later.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Next: imperatives. Imperatives are sentences that start with a verb. "Don't talk to me
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๋‹ค์Œ: ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•. ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ
05:16
that way.", "Help your mother more.", "Do your homework." Okay? Parents love to use
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ.", "์—„๋งˆ ์ข€ ๋” ๋„์™€์ค˜.", " ์ˆ™์ œํ•ด." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„
05:24
imperatives and so do teachers. So, if you're writing to your friends, you can use imperatives.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
"Send it soon!" Maybe your friend has to mail you a package, you write: "Send it soon! I
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"๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด!" ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„ธ์š”!
05:38
want it, send it soon!" In formal writing, we do not use imperatives; they're too strong.
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์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„ธ์š”!" ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
05:46
We like to use more polite sentences: "You may send it at your earliest convenience."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:55
Do you see how much longer the formal is than the informal? Formal writing is usually a
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๊ธด์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:02
lot longer than informal writing; it's not simple sentences, it's long complex sentences.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And you often see words like: "may", "could", "would" instead of: "want", "can". Okay. So
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์›ํ•˜๋‹ค", "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค" ๋Œ€์‹  "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค", "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค", "ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:20
this is one of the main differences.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:23
All right, so what are some more examples? For informal, words like: "very". "He's very
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "๋งค์šฐ"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ
06:30
cool.", "He's really great.", "He's totally hot." Okay, these are things you would never
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๋ฉ‹์žˆ์–ด.", "์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด.", "์™„์ „ ์„น์‹œํ•ด." ์ข‹์•„, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
06:37
say in the workplace, but you might say to your friend. So if you see: "very", "really",
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "very", "really",
06:44
"totally" - informal English. Okay? It's... It's okay to use these in letter writing,
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"totally"๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉด ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... ํŽธ์ง€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
but not when you're writing to a client, to your boss, in the workplace, on the IELTS
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ, ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ, ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ, IELTS์—
06:57
if it says, you know: "A formal letter", don't use these words.
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"๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํŽธ์ง€"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:02
What about formal? "Strongly". "I strongly advise you to clean your room." You'd never
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๊ณต์‹์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ". " ๋ฐฉ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹น์‹ ์€
07:13
write that to anyone, but that's an example of "strongly". It gives emphasis just like
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ"์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
"really", "very", and "totally" do. Okay? So: "I strongly agree.", "We strongly recommend
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"์ •๋ง", "๋งค์šฐ", "์™„์ „ํžˆ"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๋งค์šฐ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ
07:28
that you send in your order form as soon as possible." Okay? So you might see the word
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ์–‘์‹์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€
07:35
"strongly" used in formal writing.
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์—์„œ "strongly"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:39
Okay. Informal writing, you can use these as connectors. Okay? So if you're connecting
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ปค๋„ฅํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
07:49
one idea to another idea, one paragraph to another paragraph. "To top it all off,", "On
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„", "
07:57
top of it all,". "To top it all off, my vacation was ruined because of a blizzard.", "To top
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„". "์„ค๋งˆ ๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ณค์–ด.", "
08:07
it all off, there was a fly in my salad.", "To top it all off, the actor in the movie
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ด ์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.", "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ํ™” ์† ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€
08:15
was horrible." Okay? "On top of it all," these sort of mean like the last thing you say,
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ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„"๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
08:24
the last word on something. "On top of it all, she was very rude to me." So these are
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€
08:31
informal expressions to connect ideas.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Here, we have some formal equivalents: "Furthermore,". "Furthermore, she was rude to me.", "Furthermore,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” "Furthermore,"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
08:47
the actor was terrible." Okay? So it's the formal way of saying things. "Moreover," and
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:55
all of these are another way to say: "and", so don't let these words scare you; it's just
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
09:02
another way to say: "also", "and", you add another piece of information.
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"๋˜ํ•œ", "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Okay, next idea for what's informal use: "TV". "TV", what is "TV"? It's an abbreviation;
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” "TV"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "TV", "TV"๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
it's the short form of a word. The full word is: "television". So what does this mean?
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์งง์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:26
Do not use abbreviations in formal writing. You can use "TV" in informal writing. Don't
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๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ "TV"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
use abbreviations in formal writing.
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๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:40
Next idea: "!". In informal writing, you can write: "!", it's okay. In formal writing:
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๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด: "!". ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” "!"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ:
09:50
can you do this? No. So no "!".
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "!".
09:56
Another difference: in informal writing, you can use the word: "a lot". "I have a lot of
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” "a lot"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š”
10:03
friends.", "I have a lot of hobbies.", "I have a lot to say to you.", "I have a lot
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.", "์ทจ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.", " ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ง์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.", "
10:09
to teach you." In formal writing, the better thing to use is: "much/many". Okay, so if
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๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค." ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” "๋งŽ์ด/๋งŽ์ด"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
10:17
you write a letter in your company: "much/many" better idea. They all mean: "a lot".
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด: "ํ›จ์”ฌ/๋งŽ์ด" ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ "๋งŽ์ด"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Finally, in informal writing, non-Latin words are common. Now, why do I say: "non-Latin"?
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ "๋น„๋ผํ‹ด์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:35
For those of you who speak Spanish, French, Italian, these are Latin-based languages.
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
For example: "intelligente" in French, the English word... The English equivalent: "intelligent".
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์˜ˆ: ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋กœ "intelligente", ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด... ์˜์–ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด: "intelligent".
10:51
So you can see that many words in English have a Latin root. Now, these words are usually
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์–ด๊ทผ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:58
more formal, so you don't want to use Latin words. You want to use common words. Okay?
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๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
11:07
So non-Latin words/common words, this is in informal writing, but you don't want to use
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์–ด/์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:13
it in formal writing.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
In formal writing: use Latin based words, use uncommon words. Okay? That's a characteristic.
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ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ: ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
So I would use the word: "intelligent", I would use the word... Instead of "smart".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "์ง€๋Šฅํ˜•"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ" ๋Œ€์‹ ...์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Maybe with my friends, I write: "smart", here, I might use: "intelligent".
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฉด "๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "์ง€๋Šฅํ˜•"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
Okay, so for a full list of some of these words I'm talking about, - you know, another
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ - ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
11:40
example would be: "kids", "children" -, phrasal verbs, expressions to use in informal writing
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์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "kids", "children" -, ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์ž‘๋ฌธ
11:49
versus formal writing, for a longer list, you can come visit our website at www.engvid.com.
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๋Œ€ ๊ณต์‹ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„, for ๋” ๊ธด ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ www.engvid.com์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
You can also visit our website to do our quiz to see how much of this you remember.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Until next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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