Writing Letters: formal & informal English

3,042,117 views ・ 2013-11-11

English with Emma


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:02
Hello, my name is Emma, and in today's lesson we are going to learn about writing. What
0
2159
7084
00:09
kind of writing? Writing letters. Okay? So this is important for people who work in business.
1
9269
8446
00:18
It's also important for people who like to write letters to their friends maybe or to
2
18071
5548
00:23
their grandparents in English. Also, it is very... It is a very useful video for anyone
3
23619
8294
00:31
who is taking the general IELTS test. So if you're taking not academic, but general, this
4
31939
8155
00:40
is an important video. And also, if you plan to immigrate to Canada and you want to do
5
40120
6180
00:46
the Canadian immigration test which is called: "the CELPIP", this video is also... It will
6
46326
5713
00:52
also be useful and helpful to you. Okay?
7
52039
2860
00:54
So let's get started. What do I mean by "formal" and "informal"? "Informal" means something
8
54925
9748
01:04
you would write to your friends, something you would write to your parents, - well, probably
9
64699
5631
01:10
your parents unless you're afraid of your parents, then you might be more formal -, your
10
70330
6550
01:16
classmates, your coworkers. Okay? So this is... It means it's not formal; it's for people
11
76880
8734
01:25
you know well. On the other hand, "formal" English we use with strangers, we use with
12
85640
8405
01:34
our boss, in the workplace, we use it in these different ways. So it's the English you really
13
94071
10713
01:44
have to think about, whereas informal is kind of the relaxed English. So relaxed, serious. Okay?
14
104810
9565
01:54
So, sometimes you will have to write a letter formally, maybe to your boss or your company,
15
114570
6924
02:01
other times maybe you're on holiday and you want to write a letter to your friend, you'll
16
121520
4680
02:06
use informal English. So what is the difference? Let's see.
17
126200
5067
02:12
Informal English uses contractions. What are contractions? "Didn't", "wouldn't", "couldn't",
18
132548
10342
02:22
"haven't", "hasn't". So if you see a verb with an apostrophe and then a "t", that is
19
142916
10468
02:33
a contraction. Okay? It's very important to know this because in formal writing, you don't
20
153410
9504
02:42
use contractions. "Didn't" would be: "Did not". I can write that for you. "Did not".
21
162940
9717
02:54
Couldn't: could not, haven't: have not, can't: cannot. Okay? So that's one major difference.
22
174383
11442
03:06
Another major difference between formal and informal writing is the use of idioms; the
23
186137
7717
03:13
use of certain expressions. If I'm writing to my friend, maybe I'll say: "Oh, you know,
24
193880
7204
03:21
I've been very under the weather lately." Meaning: I've been very sick. If I'm writing
25
201110
6000
03:27
to my boss, I won't use idioms. If I'm writing a formal letter, I will not use idioms. Those
26
207110
6910
03:34
aren't good to use in formal writing.
27
214020
4414
03:39
Phrasal verbs, this is another thing we find in informal writing. What is a phrasal verb?
28
219262
7942
03:47
It's a verb that has a preposition. Okay? So, for example: "find out", "find" is a verb,
29
227931
7403
03:55
"out" is the preposition. "Go" is the verb, "up" is the preposition. So the... The preposition
30
235360
7844
04:03
adds a different meaning to the verb. Phrasal verbs are very difficult to learn; we have
31
243230
6729
04:09
so many of them in English. My students have told me phrasal verbs are one of the hardest
32
249959
4671
04:14
parts of learning English, but it's possible, you can do it.
33
254630
4500
04:19
So, in informal writing, we use phrasal verbs, whereas in formal writing: what do we use?
34
259617
9278
04:29
We don't use phrasal verbs. We usually use longer words that mean the same thing. Example:
35
269309
7445
04:36
"find out": "discover". "Discover" is more formal. "Go up", for example: "Prices have
36
276780
11254
04:48
gone up.": "Prices have increased." "Increased" is more formal. Okay. For more of these examples,
37
288060
11907
04:59
there will be a list in the resource section of the engVid website.
38
299993
4474
05:04
I'll talk more about that later.
39
304506
2414
05:07
Next: imperatives. Imperatives are sentences that start with a verb. "Don't talk to me
40
307772
9192
05:16
that way.", "Help your mother more.", "Do your homework." Okay? Parents love to use
41
316990
7324
05:24
imperatives and so do teachers. So, if you're writing to your friends, you can use imperatives.
42
324340
7058
05:31
"Send it soon!" Maybe your friend has to mail you a package, you write: "Send it soon! I
43
331617
7297
05:38
want it, send it soon!" In formal writing, we do not use imperatives; they're too strong.
44
338940
7000
05:46
We like to use more polite sentences: "You may send it at your earliest convenience."
45
346079
9301
05:55
Do you see how much longer the formal is than the informal? Formal writing is usually a
46
355692
6752
06:02
lot longer than informal writing; it's not simple sentences, it's long complex sentences.
47
362470
6838
06:09
And you often see words like: "may", "could", "would" instead of: "want", "can". Okay. So
48
369334
11559
06:20
this is one of the main differences.
49
380919
2426
06:23
All right, so what are some more examples? For informal, words like: "very". "He's very
50
383517
7186
06:30
cool.", "He's really great.", "He's totally hot." Okay, these are things you would never
51
390729
6690
06:37
say in the workplace, but you might say to your friend. So if you see: "very", "really",
52
397419
7000
06:44
"totally" - informal English. Okay? It's... It's okay to use these in letter writing,
53
404490
5870
06:50
but not when you're writing to a client, to your boss, in the workplace, on the IELTS
54
410360
7000
06:57
if it says, you know: "A formal letter", don't use these words.
55
417380
5140
07:02
What about formal? "Strongly". "I strongly advise you to clean your room." You'd never
56
422747
10997
07:13
write that to anyone, but that's an example of "strongly". It gives emphasis just like
57
433770
6251
07:20
"really", "very", and "totally" do. Okay? So: "I strongly agree.", "We strongly recommend
58
440047
8297
07:28
that you send in your order form as soon as possible." Okay? So you might see the word
59
448344
6680
07:35
"strongly" used in formal writing.
60
455050
3455
07:39
Okay. Informal writing, you can use these as connectors. Okay? So if you're connecting
61
459872
9122
07:49
one idea to another idea, one paragraph to another paragraph. "To top it all off,", "On
62
469020
7954
07:57
top of it all,". "To top it all off, my vacation was ruined because of a blizzard.", "To top
63
477000
10393
08:07
it all off, there was a fly in my salad.", "To top it all off, the actor in the movie
64
487419
7795
08:15
was horrible." Okay? "On top of it all," these sort of mean like the last thing you say,
65
495240
8974
08:24
the last word on something. "On top of it all, she was very rude to me." So these are
66
504240
7153
08:31
informal expressions to connect ideas.
67
511419
5721
08:37
Here, we have some formal equivalents: "Furthermore,". "Furthermore, she was rude to me.", "Furthermore,
68
517734
9965
08:47
the actor was terrible." Okay? So it's the formal way of saying things. "Moreover," and
69
527808
7406
08:55
all of these are another way to say: "and", so don't let these words scare you; it's just
70
535240
6889
09:02
another way to say: "also", "and", you add another piece of information.
71
542129
5330
09:08
Okay, next idea for what's informal use: "TV". "TV", what is "TV"? It's an abbreviation;
72
548199
11164
09:19
it's the short form of a word. The full word is: "television". So what does this mean?
73
559389
7300
09:26
Do not use abbreviations in formal writing. You can use "TV" in informal writing. Don't
74
566910
8963
09:35
use abbreviations in formal writing.
75
575899
4029
09:40
Next idea: "!". In informal writing, you can write: "!", it's okay. In formal writing:
76
580444
9784
09:50
can you do this? No. So no "!".
77
590254
5429
09:56
Another difference: in informal writing, you can use the word: "a lot". "I have a lot of
78
596301
6725
10:03
friends.", "I have a lot of hobbies.", "I have a lot to say to you.", "I have a lot
79
603052
6087
10:09
to teach you." In formal writing, the better thing to use is: "much/many". Okay, so if
80
609139
8055
10:17
you write a letter in your company: "much/many" better idea. They all mean: "a lot".
81
617220
7000
10:25
Finally, in informal writing, non-Latin words are common. Now, why do I say: "non-Latin"?
82
625987
9926
10:35
For those of you who speak Spanish, French, Italian, these are Latin-based languages.
83
635939
7418
10:43
For example: "intelligente" in French, the English word... The English equivalent: "intelligent".
84
643786
7876
10:51
So you can see that many words in English have a Latin root. Now, these words are usually
85
651936
6883
10:58
more formal, so you don't want to use Latin words. You want to use common words. Okay?
86
658819
8594
11:07
So non-Latin words/common words, this is in informal writing, but you don't want to use
87
667439
6380
11:13
it in formal writing.
88
673819
1950
11:16
In formal writing: use Latin based words, use uncommon words. Okay? That's a characteristic.
89
676278
7905
11:24
So I would use the word: "intelligent", I would use the word... Instead of "smart".
90
684332
4983
11:29
Maybe with my friends, I write: "smart", here, I might use: "intelligent".
91
689315
4495
11:34
Okay, so for a full list of some of these words I'm talking about, - you know, another
92
694325
6525
11:40
example would be: "kids", "children" -, phrasal verbs, expressions to use in informal writing
93
700850
8903
11:49
versus formal writing, for a longer list, you can come visit our website at www.engvid.com.
94
709779
6537
11:56
You can also visit our website to do our quiz to see how much of this you remember.
95
716379
5130
12:01
Until next time.
96
721535
1472
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7