Improve your English: "I stopped smoking" or "I stopped to smoke"?

1,189,875 views ใƒป 2013-01-16

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, there. My name is Emma, and in today's lesson, we're going to look at a very common
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ESL ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็Šฏใ—ใŒใกใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:08
mistake ESL students make. We're going to look at when you have the verb "stopped" and
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ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:16
it's followed by either an infinitive or a gerund. Okay? So before I explain what all
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ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซไธๅฎš่ฉžใพใŸใฏ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€Facebook
00:22
of this means, I'd just like to say thank you to Charles from Venezuela for suggesting
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ใงใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใƒ™ใƒใ‚บใ‚จใƒฉใฎใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใฎๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:27
this video on Facebook. Okay? So shout-outs to Charles.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใซๅซใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
All right, so let's get started. So first of all, what is an infinitive? Well, we're
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ใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใพใšไธๅฎš่ฉžใจใฏ๏ผŸ
00:38
talking about when we have two verbs. So we have verb 1, okay? We have a second verb,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž 1 ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
00:47
verb 2. We have a subject, "I", and then we have "to". So if you were thinking of English
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ๅ‹•่ฉž 2 ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ไธป่ชžใ€ŒIใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชž
01:00
as a mathematical formula, it would be subject plus the first verb, in this case "stopped",
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ใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅผใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ ใจใ€ไธป่ชžใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉž (ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ "stopped")ใ€
01:08
plus 2, plus the second verb. Okay? So this is what is known as the infinitive.
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2ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:15
Now, down here, I have what's known as a gerund. So a gerund is we have the subject, we have
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจใฏ
01:24
the first verb, just like above, and we have a second verb. But what you'll notice, first
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ
01:31
of all, there's no "to", and secondly, we have "ing". So with gerunds and infinitives,
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ใซใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใชใใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œingใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
01:39
what we're talking about is you have two verbs. Sometimes a verb, the first verb, is followed
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซ
01:44
by a second verb with "ing", and sometimes it's followed with a "to" and a second verb.
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ใ€Œingใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
Okay? So we're going to look at just one verb in this video, "stop", because if we use the
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œstopใ€ใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:02
infinitive or if we use the gerund, it changes the meaning.
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใง ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
So let's get started. I have a sentence here, "I stopped to talk." So what does this mean?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:15
Well, I have my friend Bob here. Okay? Now, I'm just going to move over here. I'm walking
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ๅ‹้”ใฎใƒœใƒ–ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
02:23
down the street, that's my first action, I'm walking, and I stop. So first action, in this
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้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏ ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ
02:33
case, I was walking. Second action, I stop. So I stop walking. And third action, I say,
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ใ€็งใŒๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไบŒใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆญฉใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ€
02:47
"Hi, Bob." So I talk. Okay? So when you stop to do something, it's more than a single action.
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ€ใƒœใƒ–ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ไธ€ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:58
You're doing something, you stop what you're doing, and then you do the second action.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ ใฆใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:05
Okay? So we'll go over some more examples with this.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ไฝฟใฃใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:09
Now, I'd like to compare this to, "I stopped talking." Okay? So same words, the only difference
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚‰ใชใใชใฃใŸใ€ใจๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„
03:17
is here we have "to", here we have "ing". Now, what does this sentence mean? "I stopped
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ "to" ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ "ing" ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ
03:23
talking." It means I was talking, and then I stopped. I'm not talking anymore. So no
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚‚ใ†่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:34
talking. Okay? So let's look at some more examples to understand the difference between
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่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:41
these two sentences.
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ใ€‚
03:43
Okay, so I now have the sentence, "I stopped to smoke." Do you think this is an example
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡็ซ ใŒใงใ ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:50
of an infinitive or a gerund? Well, if you notice, we have "to", this is our hint. We're
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ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
04:00
looking at the infinitive. So we have our subject, "I", our first verb, "stopped",
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใฎใ€ŒIใ€ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€
04:08
"to", and our second verb, "smoke". Okay, so what does this mean, "I stopped to smoke"?
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ็…™ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
04:14
Well, it means there's a first action. We don't know exactly what the first action is.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:21
Maybe somebody's walking, maybe somebody's working. So we're just going to guess at this
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
04:27
point. We'll say the first action is somebody is walking. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:34
The second action is they stop walking. Okay? And the third action is they do this to smoke.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€ๆญฉใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ3็•ช็›ฎใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ€ๅ–ซ็…™ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
04:52
So it's three actions. You're doing something, you stop doing it, and then the reason you
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง3ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸ
04:58
stop doing it is for this purpose, for the third one. So I walk, I stop walking, and
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ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ 3็•ช็›ฎใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆญฉใใ€ๆญฉใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€
05:05
I smoke. This means I stopped to smoke. Okay? So this is different than, "I stopped smoking."
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ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
So this is an example of the gerund. We have our "ing". You'll notice the subject, "I",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใซใฏ ใ€Œingใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใฎใ€ŒIใ€
05:22
the first verb, "stopped", and the second verb, "smoking". "ing" is key here.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œstoppedใ€ใ€ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œsmokingใ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€Œingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:29
Okay, so what is the first action? We don't know what the first action is. Or we do, sorry.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:36
The first action is "smoking". Okay? So the first action is what you were originally doing.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ€Œๅ–ซ็…™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:46
The second action is no smoking, so you stop smoking. Okay? Okay, so in this case, I can
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ็ฆ็…™ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
06:00
draw a picture of a cigarette. If I say, "I stopped smoking", I don't do this anymore.
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ใ€ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใฎ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
06:09
Okay? So I used to, but not anymore. So I have two more examples. I want you to try
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฏใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใจ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
to do this one on your own. "I stopped to ask for directions." Okay? So if you're having
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ้“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:24
trouble, think what is the first action, what is the second action, and what's the third
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ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ
06:29
action? "I stopped to ask for directions." Okay? So the first action, maybe -- so take
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ้“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:39
a second. Maybe you're driving. Okay? We commonly say this when we're driving, or you could
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ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ปŠใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚„ใ€ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ˆใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„
06:44
be walking. So first action, second action, you stop the first action, and then the third
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ
06:52
action, in this case, you ask for directions. Okay?
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ้“ ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:00
What about the second sentence? "I stopped asking for directions." What does this mean?
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ้“ใ‚’ ่žใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:06
Well, in this case, we have our first action and our second action. The first action is
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ
07:12
you used to ask for directions. So you used to maybe go up to people and say, "Where is
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ใ€้“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไบบใ€…ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ
07:18
the store? Where is the library?" But now, you don't ask for directions anymore. You've
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ใŠๅบ—ใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใง ใฏ้“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้“
07:24
stopped asking for directions. Okay? So we could use "stopped" with many different examples.
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ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไพ‹ใงใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
"I stopped to eat", meaning I stopped what I was doing, and then I started to eat. Or
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ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใจใฏใ€ไปŠใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
07:39
we could say, "I stopped eating", meaning I used to eat, but now I don't. So I'm not
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ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠใฏ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
07:47
suggesting anyone stop eating. "I hope you stop to eat, and you don't stop eating." Okay?
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:54
So again, very simple way -- sorry, very simple sentence, but one that's very easy to mix
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใช ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใŒ
08:04
up and to confuse.
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ใ€ๆททๅŒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:06
Now, I've had a lot of students tell me that they've had these types of questions on different
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
08:11
tests. So be aware that this might be a way your grammar teacher or your ESL teacher might
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚„ ESL ใฎๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ ใพใใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„
08:18
want to try to trick you on a test. They might use a question like this to see if you know
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒ
08:22
your gerunds and your infinitives. Okay? So I invite you to come visit our website at
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใœใฒๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ
08:29
www.engvid.com. We will have a whole bunch of -- we'll have more examples of this in
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ ใงใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’
08:37
our test, so you can see if you really understand the difference between "stopped" with infinitive
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ใพใ™ใฎใง ใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใจๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™
08:44
and "stopped" with the gerund. Okay? So until next time, take care.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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