English Grammar: How to use "to" before an "-ing" verb

2,467,848 views ใƒป 2016-04-23

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi there. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to talk about
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
00:07
something many students wonder about, and that is when we use "to" and "ing" together.
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ€Œingใ€ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ†ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
00:16
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:17
Okay, so for example... Yeah: "What???" Many students, when they see this, it "poof" their minds;
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐโ€ฆ ๅคšใใฎ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€้ ญใŒใŠใ‹ใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
they have no idea: What is this? It goes against all the rules they've learned. So I'm going
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ
00:30
to explain to you when this happens, and how we can use it. So, let's look at some examples.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใค็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:37
This is the most common example of this you will see:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
00:40
"I look forward to meeting you."
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ใ€ŒใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Notice we have our verb: "look forward", and then we have this little guy, here, "to",
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œlook forwardใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใช็”ทใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œtoใ€ใ€
00:51
and then we also have "ing". Okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œingใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:58
So, in this case, it's very strange. We're going
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:02
to learn about why this is in a moment, but before we do that, I want to tell you some
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ใ“ใฎ็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ ๅ‰ใซใ€
01:07
of the basic rules so you can understand, first off: What am I talking about with "ing",
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็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„
01:13
and what am I talking about with "to"?
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ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏใ€Œใซใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:15
So let's look at the basic rules. This is all about when you have two verbs in a sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
01:23
For example: "thank" is the first verb, and "help" is the second verb. Okay?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œthankใ€ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใง ใ€ใ€Œhelpใ€ใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:32
What you will notice in English, the first rule is:
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:36
Any time you have a preposition between the first verb and the second,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€
01:44
you're going to use "ing". A preposition is a word like "for",
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ใ€Œingใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€ใ€Œforใ€ใ€
01:49
"to", "about", "toward", "up", "down", "in", "out", all of these words that kind of tell
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใ€ใ€Œaboutใ€ใ€ใ€Œtowardใ€ใ€ใ€Œupใ€ใ€ใ€Œdownใ€ใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใ€ ใ€Œoutใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆ
01:58
us where something is located, these are called "prepositions". So, whenever you see a preposition
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€Œๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
02:05
after a verb, this next verb is going to end in "ing".
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
So our example here: "I thank you for helping me."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Similarly, we have our verb: "interested", "I'm interested", so this is the verb. And
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ€Œ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:22
we have a second verb: "learn". So, if we have a preposition after the first verb:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ใค็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅญฆใถใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž
02:30
"I'm interested in", you're going to see that the second verb is going to end in "ing".
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ใ€ŒI'm interested inใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
"I'm interested in learning English."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:40
So we don't say: "I'm interested in to learn English."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:45
Similarly, we don't say: "I thank you to help me."
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:49
If you have a preposition like "for",
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"for"ใ€
02:51
"in", "out", you are going to have the second verb with "ing".
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"in"ใ€"out" ใชใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซ "ing" ใŒไป˜ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
Okay, some verbs... These are verbs without prepositions.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž... ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎใชใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
If we have two verbs and there's
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2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:05
no preposition between them, they will be either verb with a second verb ending in "ing",
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ใ€ใใฎ้–“ใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ "ing" ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใจ
03:12
or a verb plus the second verb beginning in "to".
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"to" ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
So let's look at some examples so you understand what I'm talking about.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:20
Okay, I have here the verb "enjoy". Here's my first verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œenjoyใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
Think of a second verb we can use. Let's say "eat".
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ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:35
With the verb "enjoy", the verb that follows is always going to end
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ใ€Œenjoyใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒ ใซ็ถšใๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใš
03:40
in "ing". "I enjoy eating.",
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ใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ€
03:44
"I enjoy reading.", "I enjoy listening to music.",
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ใ€Œ่ชญๆ›ธใŒๅฅฝใ ใ€ใ€Œ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ€
03:48
"I enjoy shopping."
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ใ€Œ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใ€
03:52
Okay? So, in this case, all... The second verb will always end in "ing".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€all... 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅธธใซใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
We have another example, here: "I started".
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
04:00
"I started", let's think of a verb, any verb. "Fish".
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ใ€Œๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ "้ญš"ใ€‚
04:07
"I started fishing." So, again, this is the first verb, here's the second verb,
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ใ€Œ้‡ฃใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
04:14
second verb ends in "ing". I en-... Or: "I started drinking.",
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ใ€‚2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ I en-... ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ้ฃฒใฟๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใ€
04:20
"I started eating my dinner." Okay?
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ใ€Œๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:24
Then we also have some verbs that you will see... Here's the first verb: "decided".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ... ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™: "ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใŸ"ใ€‚
04:31
The second verb does not end in "ing". "I decided to", what's a verb we can use here?
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง ใฏ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
04:39
"Watch".
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"ๆ™‚่จˆ"ใ€‚
04:41
"I decided to watch TV." Okay?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:45
"I want to
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ใ€Œ
04:49
eat ice cream."
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ€‚ใ€
04:52
So, in this case, we have two verbs-so verb one, verb two; verb one, verb two
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž 1ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž 2 ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž 1ใ€
04:59
-the second verb begins with the word "to".
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ๅ‹•่ฉž 2 - 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
Now, other teachers on engVid have already covered this information.
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็พๅœจใ€engVid ใฎไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซ ใŒใ“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ—ขใซใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
What you will notice is that some verbs are always like this, some verbs are always like this,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅธธใซ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅธธใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใง
05:16
and some verbs do both.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธกๆ–นใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:19
It's pretty much you have to memorize: When is it "ing"...? Sorry. "ing", and when
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆšใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใงใ™ ๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ€Œingใ€ใงใ™ใ‹...๏ผŸ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œingใ€ใ€
05:25
is it "to"? What we're really interested in today is this, this really confusing thing:
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™:
05:32
Why is it "ing" and "to"? All right?
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ใชใœใ€Œingใ€ใจใ€Œtoใ€ใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:36
So let's look at some more examples of this, and I
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:38
will tell you the rule on when we use "ing" and "to" together.
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ใ€‚ใ€Œingใ€ใจใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:44
Okay, so I've explained to you the three rules we use when we have two verbs together. Okay?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:51
Sometimes you have a verb followed by "ing", sometimes you have a verb followed by "to",
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œingใ€ใŒ็ถšใ ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œtoใ€ใŒ็ถšใ
05:58
and in the case of prepositions, you have a verb followed by "ing". So I've taught you
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ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œingใ€ใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€
06:02
these three rules. Now we're going to look at when we have both "ing" and "to" together.
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ใ“ใฎ3ใคใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ ใ€ใ€Œingใ€ใจใ€Œtoใ€ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:09
Okay? So, "ing" and "to" together.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œingใ€ใจ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
So in this case, we have two verbs. The first verb is: "I look forward to".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:22
The second verb is: "meeting". Okay? So we have two verbs.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œไผš่ญฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:29
In this case, "to" is acting as a preposition.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใฏ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:33
Okay? So just like what we said before with "up", "down", "in", "out",
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅ‰ ใซใ€Œupใ€ใ€ใ€Œdownใ€ใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใ€ใ€Œoutใ€ใง่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
06:38
in this case, "to" is a preposition. This is actually a phrasal verb.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:43
It's actually almost like it's the same
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ๅŒใ˜
06:46
verb. "To" is a part of "look forward". You can't have: "I look forward meeting". No.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏใ€Œlook forwardใ€ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไผšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
06:54
"To" is a part of the verb. So, in this case because it's a phrasal verb and "to" is a
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ใ€ŒToใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€Œtoใ€ใŒ
06:59
preposition, "meeting" is going to have "ing".
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œmeeting ใ€ใซใฏใ€Œingใ€ใŒไป˜ใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:04
Another way to look at this is if you look at this next example:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆฌกใฎไพ‹
07:09
"I look forward to ice cream."
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:12
In this case, we only have one verb. We have "look forward to", this is the verb,
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ 1 ใคใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ง ใŸใกใฏใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
07:18
"ice cream". We don't have a second verb; instead, we have a noun.
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
This is fine. This is the test you can do. If "to" can be followed only by a noun,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฎๅพŒใซๅ่ฉžใ—ใ‹็ถšใ‹ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
07:30
then we know that it's actually
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ๅฎŸ้š›
07:32
a part of the verb. Okay?
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ใซใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:36
So: "I look forward to ice cream." I can do this with "to", but
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใงใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ
07:40
I can't say: "I hope to ice cream." In this case, this does not work; "to" is separate,
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ "to" ใฏๅˆฅใช
07:49
so we... It's separate from "hope", so we could say instead: "I hope to eat",
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ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ... "hope" ใจใฏๅˆฅใชใฎใงใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ "I want to eat" ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ
07:55
you'd need to add a verb, here. "I need to eat ice cream."
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
08:00
So in this case, "to" is a part of it, it's a preposition;
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏใใฎ ไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:04
in this case, when we have two verbs, "to" is separating them.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€"to" ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
So they're two different cases.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ
08:10
Let's look at some more examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
08:13
"You will get used to living here."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
08:16
We have the verb "get used to",
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ใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
08:22
it's considered like one chunk: "get used to". It's a phrasal verb. And then
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:26
we have our second verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:30
"You will get used to living here." We have "to" and we also
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:34
have "ing". In this case, "to" is a preposition, and that's why it is followed by a verb with
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ใ€Œingใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€"to" ใฏ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€"ing" ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใ
08:43
"ing". "Get used to" means to become accustomed to. Okay? So, for example, some of my students
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใŒ
08:51
have come to Canada, and at first the cold is very terrible in the wintertime, they hate
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซๆฅใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฏๅ†ฌใฎๅฏ’ใ•ใŒใฒใฉใใฆใ€ๅฏ’ใ•ใŒ ๅซŒใ„
08:56
the cold, but they get used to it, and then the cold is no problem; they get accustomed
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ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใจๅฏ’ใ•ใฏๅ•้กŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใซ
09:03
to it. Again, just like with this, we could change this to a noun. I could say:
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:10
"You will get used to winter.",
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ใ€Œๅ†ฌ
09:12
"You will get used to English."
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ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
Or I can have a verb. Both are possible,
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ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹
09:20
so we know that this is a chunk.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
We have another example: Judge Judy.
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ๅˆฅใฎ ไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
"Judge Judy objects to lying."
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ“ใจใซ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’ๅ”ฑใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:31
"Objects" means she
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใจใฏ
09:32
gets angry, she does not approve; she disapproves of lying.
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ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๆ‰ฟ่ชใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
So, again, we have "to"
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€"to"
09:41
and we have "ing" together.
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ใจ "ing" ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
The verb is "objects to", it's one unit. And "lying" is our second verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œobjects toใ€ใงใ€1 ใคใฎๅ˜ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ€ใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:52
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:53
A third example: "I resorted to stealing." Okay?
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹: ใ€Œ็งใฏ็›—ใฟใซ่จดใˆ ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:59
"I resorted to stealing."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ็›—ใฟใซ่จดใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:00
or "I confessed to stealing."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ็›—ใฟใ‚’่‡ช็™ฝใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:03
If you resort to something, it means although you didn't really want to
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้ ผใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใฎใซ
10:08
do it, you had to do it. So, for example, imagine I have a big test and I know I'm going
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ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅคงใใชใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:17
to fail, so I decide to cheat. I resorted to cheating.
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ใ€ๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซ่จดใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:23
Usually we resort to doing something bad.
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้€šๅธธใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้ ผใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
So: "I resorted to stealing." Again, we have "to", and we have "ing".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ็›—ใ‚€ใ“ใจใซ้ ผใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ€Œingใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:34
The reason we have both is "resorted" and "to" are a unit;
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ไธกๆ–นใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ใ€Œresortedใ€ใจใ€Œtoใ€ใŒๅ˜ไฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
they go together. They always go together,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅธธใซไธ€็ท’
10:42
so we can't say: "I resort stealing", it's always: "I resorted to stealing."
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ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ็›—ใฟใซ่จดใˆใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใšใ€ๅธธใซใ€Œ็งใฏ็›—ใฟใซ่จดใˆใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:50
Same with the word "confess". If you confess to something, it means you tell someone what you did wrong.
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ใ€Œๅ‘Š็™ฝใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่‡ช็™ฝ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:59
Okay, so: "I confessed to stealing." So, again, just like "resorted to",
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็›—ใฟใ‚’่‡ช็™ฝใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šใ€Œ้ ผใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅ‘Š็™ฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
11:06
"confessed to", it's
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ใ€
11:07
one unit. Okay? So these words go together. "To", in this case, is a proposition,
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ใฒใจใคใฎใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅ‘ฝ้กŒใ€
11:15
"confess to" is a phrasal verb, so afterwards, "stealing" is going to end in "ing".
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ใ€Œconfess toใ€ใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒ ใ€Œ็›—ใ‚€ใ€ใฏใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
Okay, our final example:
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€
11:24
"I'm opposed to living in Antarctica."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ—ๆฅตใซไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจ ใซๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:29
This means: "I'm against living in Antarctica."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใฏๅ—ๆฅตใซไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:31
I don't know why I'm against it. I mean, I guess I hate the cold, although
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ๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใƒšใƒณใ‚ฎใƒณใฏๅฅฝใ ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใฏ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใชใฎใ‹ใช
11:36
I love penguins. I'm going to say:
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ใ€‚
11:39
"I'm opposed to living in Antarctica."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ—ๆฅตใซไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:42
Now, "I'm opposed to",
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€ใ€
11:47
it's a unit; it goes together. It's a phrasal verb. So, this means that it's a verb
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๅธธใซใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Š
11:55
that always has "to" as a preposition.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:58
So, because "to" is a preposition, the verb afterwards
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
12:02
is going to have "ing".
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ใฏใ€Œingใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:05
So: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica.",
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œๅ—ๆฅตใซไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€
12:08
"I'm opposed to drinking and driving.",
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ใ€Œ ้ฃฒ้…’้‹่ปขใซๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€
12:13
"I'm opposed to doing drugs." Okay?
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ใ€Œ ้บป่–ฌใซๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:18
So, again, I could even get rid of this
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซ
12:21
and use a noun, I could say: "I'm opposed to drugs.",
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ„ใฆๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใซๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€ใ€
12:24
"I'm opposed to doing drugs."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:28
All right, so again, key here: Sometimes we have "to" and "ing" together between a verb.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใงใ™: ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซ "to" ใจ "ing" ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:37
We do this when we have "to" as a phrasal verb, and "to" is acting as a preposition.
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ๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:44
All right, so I hope you come visit our website at www.engvid.com.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:49
There, you can do a quiz to make sure that you understand this video, and that you
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
12:54
have mastered the concepts in it.
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ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:56
You'll also see a lot more examples of when we use "to" and "ing".
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ใพใŸใ€ "to" ใจ "ing" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
13:01
So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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