English Speaking - How to Ask Permission - CAN, COULD, MAY, DO YOU MIND

965,795 views ใƒป 2009-04-11

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Alex, and welcome to this lesson on asking permission.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ ใ€‚่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:10
When asking permission in the English language with your native speakers, you're going to
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
00:14
need to know a couple of very, very simple words that are very, very common.
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ใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
So we have "can", "could", "may", and the phrase "Do you mind?"
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œcanใ€ใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œmayใ€ใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€ŒDo you mind?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
Now, we're going to leave "Do you mind?" for a little later.
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ€ŒDo you mind?ใ€ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพŒใงใ€‚
00:25
It's a special case.
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็‰นๆฎŠใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:27
So we have the sentence here, "Can I borrow your pencil?", "Could I borrow your pencil?",
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Š ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™
00:33
"May I borrow your pencil?"
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ใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
Now, when you use each of these three words, it's going to depend on a few things.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆกไปถใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Number one, how polite do you want to be?
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:44
Number two, how formal do you want to be, or how formal is the situation?
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆๆญฃๅผใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆณใฏใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆๆญฃๅผใงใ™ใ‹? ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚
00:49
How well do you know the person that you're asking permission for?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
00:53
And finally, what is the necessity?
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
00:54
How badly do you need the pencil, in this case?
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ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้‰›็ญ†ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:58
So let's start with "can".
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:00
We have "Can I borrow your pencil?"
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ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
Now, depending on the tone you use when asking for the pencil, you can come across in many
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ใ•ใฆใ€้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๅฃ่ชฟใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—
01:10
different ways the person that you're asking this question to.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
So if you ask, "Can I borrow your pencil?", it sounds very urgent.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่žใใจใ€ ้žๅธธใซ็ทŠๆ€ฅใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
It's like saying, "I'm really not asking you if you can give it to me, I'm asking it more
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01:23
so as a formality, you're going to give me your pencil."
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ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:27
That's what "can" does, okay?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:29
"Could I borrow your pencil?", "Could I borrow your pencil?", leaves some room for possibility.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’่ฒธใ— ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
You can say "yes", you can say "no", maybe they need their pencil, who knows?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
Now "may I", "May I borrow your pencil?"
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ใงใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ใŠๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
01:42
This is the most polite way of asking someone for permission.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:45
It is also the most formally recognized way in the English language.
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ใพใŸใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃๅผใซ ่ชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
Again, it does come down to tone though, if you ask, "May I borrow your pencil?"
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒˆใƒผใƒณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:55
A lot different than saying, "May I borrow your pencil?"
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ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
So again, the tone counts.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒˆใƒผใƒณใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
Okay, finally we have "Do you mind?"
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
"Do you mind?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
02:07
It's even more polite than "may".
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ใ€Œmayใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
"Do you mind?" is used when you think that you're going to be inconveniencing someone
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใง่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใจใใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
02:16
to be through your actions.
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ใ€‚
02:17
So if we ask, "Do you mind if I borrow your pencil?", just give me one moment, "Do you
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ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ
02:26
mind if I borrow your pencil?"
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้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:35
You're not really looking to disturb the person too much, okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใฎไบบใฎ้‚ช้ญ”ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:40
You feel that your actions or you asking them for the pencil might be inconveniencing them
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚„้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’้ ผใ‚€ ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:45
in some way.
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.
02:46
So again, if you're asking, "Can I borrow your pencil?" versus "Do you mind if I borrow
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฏพใ€Œ
02:50
your pencil?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:51
"Can I" means "I want it", okay?
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ใ€ŒCan Iใ€ใฏใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:54
"Do you mind if" says, "I hope I'm not causing you too much trouble."
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ใ€Œใ” ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
03:00
Now, there's a very, very special thing to know about asking "Do you mind?" and actually
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ€Œๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๅˆฅใชใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›
03:06
answering to "Do you mind?"
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ใซใ€Œๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
So if I ask you, "Do you mind if I borrow your pencil?" and you say, "No."
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ใใ‚Œใง ใ€Œ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
That is a negative response, right?
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅๅฟœ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:17
"No."
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"ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚"
03:18
You would think that means, "No, I can't give you my pencil."
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:22
In fact, what you're saying is giving them permission to use your pencil.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
So if you ask, "Do you mind if I borrow your pencil?" and I say, "No, I don't mind."
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ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
That means, "Here, you can use my pencil."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใปใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
However, if you ask me, "Do you mind if I borrow your pencil?" and I say, "Yes."
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
It means, "I have a problem with that, and I'm not going to give you my pencil."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใงๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็งใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ๆธกใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
Okay, so again, it depends on the formality, the necessity, and the politeness that you
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅผ ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•
03:54
want to use, depending on which word you choose when asking for permission.
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ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ™.
04:00
So I hope this helps you out a bit, and thank you for listening.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ”ๆธ…่ดใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:04
Again, for more videos, please check out www.engvid.com.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:08
My name is Alex, and I'll see you later.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸๅพŒใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:10
Take care.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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