How to order fast food at C1 (Advanced) Level of English! ๐ŸŸ

222,213 views ใƒป 2023-12-08

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello lovely students and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
A few weeks ago I made a video about ordering a coffee in advanced C1-C2 English.
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ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใ€็งใฏ ไธŠ็ดš C1-C2 ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:11
If you watched that video you probably thought, Lucy can't take this any further,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸไบบใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฏใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:16
but then I started thinking and my mind turned to McDonald's as it sometimes does
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ใŒใ€็งใฏ่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ€
00:22
when I'm really hungry.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆ™‚ใ€…ใใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’
00:23
I thought to myself, could I possibly take
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ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€
00:25
this concept and make a video about ordering at McDonaldโ€™s in super advanced
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่ถ…้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใงใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:31
English?
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00:32
How far could I possibly take this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใฉใ“ใพใงใ„ใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:34
Oh students, have I got a treat for you today!
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ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ”่ค’็พŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ!
00:37
Before we start I want to remind you that as always there is a free PDF that goes
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
00:42
with this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใฏ็„กๆ–™ใฎ PDF ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:43
I think you're going to like it because
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00:45
we go into C1 English in great detail and we include a lot of extra information on
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C1 ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ• ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚‚ๅคšใๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:50
the grammar.
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ใ€‚
00:51
I'm also going to go through a lot of the
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00:52
advanced vocabulary in this video but the video would be too long if I went through
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏๅคšใใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒ้•ทใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹
00:56
it all so I've put all of the words and phrases I talk about plus more in that PDF.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ ใใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ PDF ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฃใจ
01:02
You are going to love it.
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:04
If you'd like to download that just click
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
01:05
on the link in the description box, you enter your name and your email address
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€ ๅๅ‰ใจ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:09
and my free PDF will arrive directly in your email inbox.
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็„กๆ–™ใฎ PDF ใŒ ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎๅ—ไฟก็ฎฑใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
After that, you will automatically receive my free weekly lesson PDFs plus all of my
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ ๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎ็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ
01:18
news, course updates and offers.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๆ›ดๆ–ฐๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:21
It's free, you can unsubscribe at any time.
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็„กๆ–™ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚่ณผ่ชญใ‚’่งฃ้™คใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
Okay let's get started and I need to address the comment that I anticipate in
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใงไบˆๆƒณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:28
the comment section.
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ใ€‚
01:29
Lucy no one orders in McDonaldโ€™s like this.
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงใ“ใ‚“ใชๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ„ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
01:31
You're right!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผ
01:32
People don't order from McDonaldโ€™s like this and I said in my
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
01:35
video about ordering a coffee that someone would probably spit in my drink
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใซๅ”พใ‚’ๅใ่พผใ‚€ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
01:39
if I ordered like that and the same is true here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
Don't do this to the workers in McDonaldโ€™s.
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ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:45
But today's video is jam-packed with
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„้žๅธธใซ
01:48
super advanced vocabulary and grammar structures that we do genuinely use just
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใจๆ–‡ๆณ• ๆง‹้€ ใŒ่ฉฐใพใฃใฆใŠใ‚Š
01:54
not necessarily in this context and I think it's such a fun way to learn them.
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ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
I also have homework for you.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
At the end of this lesson when you've learnt all the advanced ways of ordering
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงใฎ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆณจๆ–‡ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
02:04
at McDonaldโ€™s I want you to do your go-to
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02:07
order at McDonaldโ€™s in a comment.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:10
Make it as advanced as you possibly can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:12
It's going to be hilarious.
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้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚
02:13
I can't wait to read them.
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่ชญใ‚€ใฎใŒๅพ…ใกใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:14
Okay, we have five levels today.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ 5 ใคใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Let's start with level 1.
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ 1 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:18
Can I have a cheeseburger, medium fries and a large Coke, please?
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ€ใƒŸใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒ  ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆ ใ€ใƒฉใƒผใ‚ธ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:22
You could also use could or may.
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Could ใพใŸใฏ May ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
So this is actually how I would order at McDonaldโ€™s.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŒใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
02:26
Now I covered the differences between using the different modal verbs in my
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ใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:30
video about ordering a coffee so if you're interested go and watch that.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:34
But you might notice that I ordered fries and not chips even though in the UK we
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏ้€šๅธธใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸใฎใฏใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใงใฏใชใใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:39
normally say chips.
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ใ€‚
02:41
In McDonaldโ€™s, we go American and we ask for fries.
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ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ‚’้ ผใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
We also order Coke, as short for Coca-Cola.
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ใ‚ณใ‚ซใƒปใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใฎ็•ฅ็งฐใจใ—ใฆใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚‚ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
We never tend to say cola.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:49
That's just like an off-brand name to us.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ๅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:51
We're also often asked, eat in or take away?
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใ‚คใƒณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใงใ™ใ‹?ใจใ‚ˆใ่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
Meaning are you eating in the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
02:56
restaurant or taking the food somewhere else?
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใก่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็จŽ้‡‘ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
03:00
This is really important because we have
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
03:01
different tax.
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ใ€‚
03:03
It's cheaper to eat food out of a
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03:05
restaurant than inside a restaurant.
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณๅ†…ใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎๅค–ใง้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:07
In the US you're more likely to hear eat in or to go.
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็ฑณๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€ ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใ‚คใƒณใพใŸใฏใƒˆใ‚ฅใ‚ดใƒผใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
So that's my first order, level one, nice
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ 1ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ
03:13
and simple.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
Now let's move it up a notch, get a bit
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคไธŠใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใชไฝœๆฅญใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:16
more advanced.
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ใ€‚
03:17
Level 2.
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ 2.
03:18
What I'd love is a well-done cheeseburger with a finely sliced, perfectly melted
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็งใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ็ดฐใ‹ใใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใฆๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆบถใ‘ใŸ
03:22
piece of cheese and a dab of ketchup;
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจๅฐ‘้‡ใฎใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆทปใˆใŸใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒซใƒ€ใƒณใฎใƒใƒผใ‚บใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
freshly made, lightly salted fries and a
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ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใฆใฎ่ปฝใๅกฉๅ‘ณใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใจใ€
03:29
large Coke with two cubes of almost- defrosted ice, please.
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ใปใผ ่งฃๅ‡ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆฐทใฎ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ 2 ๅ€‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸๅคงใใชใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
There's a 20 % chance they're going to spit in my food at this point.
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซๅ”พใ‚’ๅใ่พผใ‚€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ 20% ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Okay first I want to touch on the grammar.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†
03:38
It started with a cleft sentence.
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ไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:40
I love cleft sentences.
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ๅ‰ฒใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
What I'd love is.
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็งใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€‚
03:46
What I'd love is.
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็งใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€‚ ใ€Œ
03:47
Instead of saying I'd love a, what I'd
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็งใฏaใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใŒ
03:49
love is.
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ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใฆ
03:50
How cool is that?
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ใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
03:51
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:52
We use cleft sentences to place the
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็งใŸใกใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใใŸใ‚ใซ่ฃ‚ใ‘ใŸๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:54
emphasis on a certain part and in this case I was emphasising a well-done cheeseburger.
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ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ˆใใงใใŸใƒใƒผใ‚บใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:59
That brings me to the next grammar point.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
Well-done.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:05
Compound adjectives.
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่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€‚
04:07
Compound adjectives are adjectives that
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่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ€
04:09
have two or more words acting as one single descriptor.
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2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ 1 ใคใฎ่จ˜่ฟฐๅญใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:14
Here are some examples from the text.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
We have well-done, finely sliced, perfectly melted, freshly made, lightly
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒซใƒ€ใƒณใ€็ดฐใ‹ใใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ๅฎŒ็’งใซๆบถใ‘ใ€ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใฆใงใ€่ปฝใ
04:24
salted and almost-defrosted.
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ๅกฉๅ‘ณใŒไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใปใผ่งฃๅ‡ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
Now as you can see, I can preempt this question in your head right now.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ ไปŠใ™ใใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใงใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ…ˆๅ–ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:32
Some are separated by hyphens and others are not.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใใ† ใงใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Why is this?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใชใฎ๏ผŸ
04:37
Well, we often hyphenate compound
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€่ค‡ๅˆ
04:39
adjectives when they come before a noun.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใงใคใชใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
However, we don't hyphenate compound
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
04:44
adjectives when the first word ends in -ly.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ -ly ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:47
L-Y.
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L-Yใ€‚
04:48
We talk a lot more about compound adjectives in my C1 Programme.
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็งใฎ C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
By the way, if you didn't know that I run an online B1, B2 and C1 programme, I
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€็งใŒ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใฎ B1ใ€B2ใ€C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๆ–นใฏใ€
04:58
think you'll be pleasantly surprised.
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ใใฃใจ้ฉšใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
I've got links to them in the description
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:01
box or you can just visit englishwithlucy.com and see all the information.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€englishwithlucy.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ ใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Next, I have two pieces of vocabulary that I want to touch on.
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ๆฌกใซใ€2 ใคใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
I asked for a dab of ketchup.
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ใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ€…ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:12
A dab is a small amount of something that
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ใƒ€ใƒ–ใจใฏใ€
05:14
is put on a surface quickly.
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่กจ้ขใซ็ด ๆ—ฉใๅก—ๅธƒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:17
I dab on makeup, for example, and I
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
05:19
wanted a dab of ketchup, just a little bit.
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ใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๅก—ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:21
I also wanted the ice cubes almost-defrosted.
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่ง’ๆฐทใ‚‚ใปใผ่งฃๅ‡ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
05:24
Okay, to defrost means to become warmer so it's not frozen anymore.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่งฃๅ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ๆš–ใ‹ใใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‡ใ‚‰ใชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
Finally, I want to talk about the punctuation I used in that sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
05:34
Did you notice that I used semicolons to separate the items in my order?
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ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ?
05:38
We can use semicolons to separate items in a list if at least one of the items
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใซใ™ใงใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใƒชใ‚นใƒˆๅ†…ใฎ้ …็›ฎใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
05:43
already contains a comma.
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ใ€‚
05:45
These two items had commas, as you can see.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใซใฏใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:48
Semicolons are really good at helping avoid confusion in long lists.
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ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใฏใ€ ้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎๆททไนฑใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
Okay, that order was quite advanced, but I know I can go a little bit further.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
Let's start with level 3.
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ 3 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:01
If I may, I would like to ask for a
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ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€
06:04
well-done burger topped with a piece of cheese that is on the point of melting, a
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ใจใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹ ๅฏธๅ‰ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎ
06:09
hint of gherkin and just a dollop of ketchup.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ€ใใ—ใฆใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใŸใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒซใƒ€ใƒณใฎใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:13
I've also got a craving for some gently
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ใพใŸใ€
06:15
salted fries with a golden hue, though under no circumstances should they be
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้ป„้‡‘่‰ฒใฎๅ„ชใ—ใ„ๅกฉๅ‘ณใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ‚‚้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚
06:21
burnt, and nothing would quench my thirst more than a Coke with crushed ice.
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็„ฆใŒใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใฎๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใปใฉๅ–‰ใฎๆธ‡ใใ‚’ๆฝคใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:26
Okay, I'm not going to lie, that actually sounds absolutely delicious.
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ใ†ใใ‚’ใคใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:30
Insufferable, but delicious.
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ๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใชใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
06:32
First, I want to talk about the structure
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ใพใšใ€็งใŒๆณจๆ–‡ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:34
I used to begin my order.
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ใ€‚
06:37
If I may.
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ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€‚
06:38
This is a very polite way to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใพใŸใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้žๅธธใซไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
06:39
begin or end a request.
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ใ€‚
06:42
I'd love a cookie, if I may.
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ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:44
Next, there are two grammatical structures that I want to talk about.
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ๆฌกใซใ€2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๆณ• ๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:46
The first one is on the point of and this is a phrase to express that
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1ใค็›ฎใฏon of pointใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
06:51
something is about to happen in the very near future.
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้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:54
On the point of melting, just about to melt.
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ๆบถใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏธๅ‰ใ€ๆบถใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏธๅ‰ใ€‚
06:58
Another structure in this sentence, under
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€
06:59
no circumstances should they be burnt.
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ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใฆใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:02
Wow, that does sound really advanced.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ…ˆ้€ฒ็š„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
07:04
We do use this structure though.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†
07:05
We do!
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ๏ผ ใ“ใ“ใง
07:06
What do you notice about the word โ€˜orderโ€™ here?
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ใ€Œๆณจๆ–‡ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ?
07:08
This sentence contains another of my favourites.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŠใŒใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
I can't choose between cleft sentences
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ๅ€’็ฝฎๆ–‡
07:13
and inversion.
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ใ‹ๅ€’็ฝฎๆ–‡ใ‹้ธในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:14
Inversion is when the verb comes before
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ๅ€’็ฝฎใจใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไธป่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:17
the subject.
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™
07:19
Should they?
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ในใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:20
But it's not a question.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:21
It's an example of inversion after a
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
07:23
negative adverbial, under no circumstances.
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ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใฎๅ€’็ฝฎใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:26
Again, in my C1 course, we have a whole
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฎ C1 ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใซใฏใ€
07:29
section of cleft sentences and inversion.
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่ฃ‚ใ‘็›ฎๆ–‡ใจๅ€’็ฝฎๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๅ…จไฝ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
Now, for some vocabulary, I asked for a
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
07:34
hint of gherkin.
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ใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:37
A hint is a very small amount of something.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใจใฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅฐ‘้‡ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:40
And a gherkin is a small cucumber that is preserved in vinegar.
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ใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใจใฏใ€ ้…ขใซๆผฌใ‘ใŸๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒชใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:44
There is a building in London that everyone calls โ€˜the gherkinโ€™ because it
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซใ€ใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใฟใ‚“ใชใŒใ€Œใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถๅปบ็‰ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:48
looks like a gherkin.
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ใ€‚
07:50
Did you guess that?
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กจใ™
07:51
You might already know the American English word for this, which is pickle.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ใงใซใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
07:55
Pickle for us, although we would understand you depending on context, but
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็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆใฎใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใฏใ€ ๆ–‡่„ˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€็ง
07:58
pickle for us is more like chutney, something that you serve with cheese.
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ใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆใฎใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใฏใ€ ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒ„ใƒใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
A cheese and pickle sandwich is very popular and there are no gherkins in sight.
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒƒใƒใฏ้žๅธธใซ ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใฏ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:07
That's cheese and chutney more than anything.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจใƒใƒฃใƒ„ใƒใงใ™ใ€‚
08:09
Next, craving.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆธ‡ๆœ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:10
A craving is a strong desire for something.
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ๆธ‡ๆœ›ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅผทใ„ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:14
Pregnant women often talk about their cravings.
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ๅฆŠๅฉฆใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
So weird.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใ€‚
08:17
My most consumed fruit is Granny Smith apples.
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็งใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๆžœ็‰ฉใฏใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใงใ™ใ€‚
08:21
And only recently I found out that my mum had cravings for Granny Smith apples when
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ใใ—ใฆใคใ„ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๆฏใŒ็งใ‚’ๅฆŠๅจ  ไธญใซใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
08:25
she was pregnant with me.
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ใ€‚
08:26
That has to be connected.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็น‹ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:28
Another word was hue, which means a colour or a shade of a colour.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ่‰ฒ็›ธใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ่‰ฒใพใŸใฏ่‰ฒใฎ่‰ฒๅˆใ„ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:32
And finally, I talked about quenching my thirst.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅ–‰ใฎๆธ‡ใใ‚’ๆฝคใ™ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ–‰
08:35
To quench one's thirst means to drink
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ใฎๆธ‡ใใ‚’็™’ใ™ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ–‰ใฎ
08:37
until one doesn't feel thirsty anymore.
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ๆธ‡ใใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใใชใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:40
Some gorgeous vocabulary there.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:42
Now let's try level 4 and we're still not at the end yet.
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ 4 ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใ  ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:45
Might I request a burger constructed of a chargrilled patty, a sliver of cheese
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็‚ญ็ซใง็„ผใ„ใŸใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€่พ›ๅ‘ณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‹ญใ„ใƒใƒผใ‚บใฎใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ€
08:51
that is more sharp than pungent, a gherkin with a bit of a bite and a dab of
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‹ใ˜ใฃใŸใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ€ใใ—ใฆ
08:57
ketchup?
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ใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทปใˆใŸใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:58
That should be served in a lightly toasted bun with a smattering of sesame seeds.
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่ปฝใ ใƒˆใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใƒ‘ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ‚ดใƒžใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ€…ๆทปใˆใฆ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:04
I've also got a hankering for a generous serving of fries, which should be nicely crispy.
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ใพใŸใ€ใŸใฃใทใ‚Šใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ‚‚้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
09:09
In fact, so crispy should they be that I would like to hear a delicate crunch as I
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไธ€็ฒ’ไธ€็ฒ’ใ‚’ๅ™›ใฟ็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใณใซใ€็นŠ็ดฐใชใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ซใƒชใจใ„ใ†้ŸณใŒ่žใใŸใใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใงโ€‹โ€‹ใ™
09:14
bite into each one.
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ใ€‚
09:15
I'll top all of that off with an ice-cold
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅ†ทใˆใŸ
09:18
glass of Coke, please.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใงไธ€ๆฏใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
Okay, I draw the line at this one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
What an annoying customer.
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ใชใ‚“ใจใ‚‚่ฟทๆƒ‘ใชๅฎขใ ใ€‚
09:23
Honestly, I would actually like to
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
09:25
witness somebody try this at a McDonald's.
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ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใง่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใฎใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
I'd love to see the response.
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ใœใฒๅๅฟœใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:29
Now let's look at the language.
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ๆฌกใซ่จ€่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:30
First, I started with, might I request?
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ใพใšใฏใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:34
This is a very polite way to say, can I ask for, or can I have?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธๅฏงใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ€ใ€Œ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
09:38
We don't tend to use it with please.
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Pleaseใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„
09:41
You wouldn't say, please might I request?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
09:43
Might I request, or please could I request, but not together.
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ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€ใงใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:46
I also used an advanced comparative structure, more sharp than pungent, more
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ใพใŸใ€ ่พ›ๅ‘ณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒ—ใ€่พ›ๅ‘ณ
09:53
sharp than pungent.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒ—ใจใ„ใ†้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆฏ”่ผƒๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:55
To compare two similar qualities, we
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2 ใคใฎไผผใŸๆ€ง่ณชใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž
09:57
often use more plus adjective plus than plus adjective.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒขใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:02
So I essentially wanted it to be sharp, not pungent.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒ—ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
10:06
I also used inversion, my favourite again.
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ใพใŸ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ่ปขใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:09
So crispy should they be that, so crispy
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ใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œ
10:13
should they be that, etcetera, etcetera.
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ใฐใ„ใ„ใ€ใชใฉใชใฉใ€‚ ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡้ ญใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’
10:16
We use inversion when we have so plus an
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ๅŠ ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ€’็ฝฎๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
10:18
adjectival or adverbial phrase at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis.
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ใ€‚
10:23
We could rewrite it like this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:26
They should be so crispy thatโ€ฆ
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™โ€ฆ
10:29
That also makes perfect sense, but the other one just sounds a little bit more artful.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฎŒ็’งใซ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่Šธ่ก“็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:36
Now, vocabulary.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใ€‚
10:38
There was some really good vocabulary in this.
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ใ“ใฎไธญใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:40
I asked for a chargrilled patty.
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็‚ญ็ซ็„ผใใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’้ ผใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:42
To chargrill means to cook something over
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็‚ญ็ซ็„ผใใจใฏใ€
10:45
a high heat so that its surface is slightly burnt, adding a lot of flavour.
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่กจ้ขใ‚’ ๅฐ‘ใ—็„ฆใŒใ—ใฆ้ขจๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฑŠใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅผท็ซใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
And a patty is a piece of food made into a circular shape, a raw burger shape.
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ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใจใฏใ€ ็”Ÿใฎใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฎๅฝขใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ††ๅฝขใฎ้ฃŸๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:56
That's a patty.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
Patty is more common in American English,
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ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™
10:59
but it's making its way into British English too, because we don't have very
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ใŒใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใซใ‚‚ๆตธ้€ใ—ใคใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š
11:03
good food, so we have to welcome it in from other cultures.
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ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:07
The next two were about cheese, sharp and pungent.
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ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฏใƒใƒผใ‚บใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒ—ใง ๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:12
Sharp means strong and a little bit kind
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒ—ใจใฏใ€ๅผทใใฆๅฐ‘ใ—
11:17
of sour or bitter.
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้…ธใฃใฑใ„ใ€่‹ฆใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:18
It almost stings your tongue a little bit.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—่ˆŒใŒๅˆบใ•ใ‚Šใใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:20
Pungent means having a very strong taste or smell.
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่พ›ๅ‘ณใจใฏใ€ๅ‘ณใ‚„ๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅผทใ„ๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒไบˆๆƒณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใƒผใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’้™คใใ€
11:24
It normally implies a negative smell, unless you're talking about cheese where
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅŒ‚ใ„ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
11:29
a strong smell is expected.
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ใ€‚
11:31
I also wanted a smattering of sesame
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11:34
seeds on my burger bun.
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฎใƒใƒณใ‚บใซใ‚ดใƒžใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใตใ‚Šใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
11:35
I can't say that word without smiling.
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็ฌ‘้ก”ใชใ—ใซใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:37
Smattering.
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ใฒใฉใ„ใ€‚
11:38
It's so good.
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ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
11:40
A smattering means a small number or amount.
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ใ‚นใƒžใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใจใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๆ•ฐใพใŸใฏ้‡ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:43
And finally, I used the phrase to have a
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆ†งใ‚Œใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
11:45
hankering for.
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ใ€‚
11:47
My mum uses this all the time.
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ๆฏใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
You can also use it in a phrasal verb format, to hanker after, to hanker after something.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขๅผใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ( to hanker afterใ€to hanker after something)ใ€‚
11:56
Both of those mean to have a strong want or desire for something.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅผทใ„ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ‚„ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ‚’ๆŠฑใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:00
I have a hankering for chocolate.
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็งใฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:02
Okay, number 5, level 5.
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ใ•ใฆใ€5 ็•ชใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ 5ใ€‚
12:05
This is as advanced as we're going to get.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ™ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:07
This is the height of my powers, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใฎ้ ‚็‚นใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:09
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
12:10
Because I don't think I am.
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็งใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:12
Were it not for my intense craving, I wouldn't be so specific.
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็งใฎๅผทใ„ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ใใ“ใพใงๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:17
However, I would adore a cheeseburger made from meat that has been tenderised
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ
12:23
by hand before being fried.
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ๆšใ’ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๆ‰‹ใงๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ—ใŸ่‚‰ใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใƒใƒผใ‚บใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
12:26
On top of that, I would like some tart
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ใใฎไธŠใซใ€้…ธๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹
12:28
cheese, a smidgen of mustard, a trace of ketchup, and a perfectly round slice of gherkin.
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎ ใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฎŒๅ…จใซไธธใ„ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:37
All of that should be in a bun encrusted with sesame seeds.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚ดใƒžใ‚’ใพใถใ—ใŸใƒ‘ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ ใ€‚
12:41
On the side, I'd like some fries, which are to have been cooked to a perfect
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ใซใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŒ็’งใซ
12:46
crisp and dusted with salt.
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ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ซใƒชใซ่ชฟ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅกฉใŒใพใถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:50
And finally, I'm going to abstain from
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใ‚’
12:52
drinking anything as I don't want to ruin my taste buds.
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ๆใชใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไธ€ๅˆ‡ใฎ้ฃฒ้…’ใ‚’ๆŽงใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
12:56
I'm officially insufferable.
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็งใฏๅ…ฌๅผใซ่€ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆบๅธฏ
12:59
Before you throw your phone or your
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้›ป่ฉฑใ‚„
13:00
laptop out of the window, let's look at the language.
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ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็ช“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠ•ใ’ๆจใฆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€่จ€่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:03
Then you can.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:04
Actually, I'm not giving you permission
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚“ใช่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
13:05
to do that.
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ใ€‚
13:06
That could end in a lawsuit.
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ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใจ่จด่จŸใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:07
I began this order with a conditional sentence, which was another version of inversion.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใ‚’ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ€’็ฝฎๆณ•ใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
13:14
Oh, that sounds good.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
13:15
Another version of inversion.
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ๅ่ปขใฎๅˆฅใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€‚
13:17
Another example of inversion.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ้€†่ปขใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
13:18
It's everywhere today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:19
Were it not for, I wouldn't be.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:23
Were it not for, I wouldn't be.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:25
Now, this is a second conditional in which the if has been omitted, making the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ if ใŒ็œ็•ฅใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
13:30
sentence more formal.
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ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฝขๅผ็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏ
13:32
I talk about advanced conditional clauses
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆกไปถ็ฏ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
13:34
in my C1 programme in great detail.
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ใ€‚
13:36
I also used a perfect passive infinitive structure.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จๅ—ๅ‹•ไธๅฎš่ฉžๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฟ็†
13:40
I'd like some fries, which are to have been cooked.
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ๆธˆใฟใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€่ชฟ็†ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฏใšใฎๅฃ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€
13:43
I must say we don't tend to use this much in spoken English, which are to have been
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ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
13:48
cooked.
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ใ€‚
13:49
This is the structured be plus to have been plus the past participle.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆง‹้€ ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ be ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น to have been ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰
13:53
I use the passive here because I don't know who will cook the fries.
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ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:58
Finally, some vocabulary.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ€‚
14:00
Tart.
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ใ‚ฟใƒซใƒˆใ€‚
14:01
Tart, meaning tasting sour or having a bitter taste.
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ใ‚ฟใƒซใƒˆใจใฏใ€้…ธใฃใฑใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฆใ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:05
Be careful with the noun version here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ่ฉžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:07
We can have a tart, which is an open pie
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ใ‚ฟใƒซใƒˆใฏใ€
14:10
normally filled with fruit or sweet food.
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้€šๅธธใฏใƒ•ใƒซใƒผใƒ„ใ‚„็”˜ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’่ฉฐใ‚ใŸ้–‹ใ„ใŸใƒ‘ใ‚คใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:13
And we also have a derogatory word.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ปฝ่”‘็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:15
If you call someone a tart, well, firstly, don't call someone a tart.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ฟใƒซใƒˆใจๅ‘ผใถใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ฟใƒซใƒˆใจๅ‘ผใฐใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:19
A tart is a derogatory term for a woman showing her sexuality.
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ใ‚ฟใƒซใƒˆใจใฏใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใŒ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’้œฒใ‚ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™่”‘็งฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:24
Maybe dressing in a way that someone feels is inappropriate or overtly sexual.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒไธ้ฉๅˆ‡ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ•ใพใซๆ€ง็š„ใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆœ่ฃ…ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:29
The adjective of that is tarty.
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ใใ‚Œใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ‚ฟใƒซใƒ†ใ‚ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
14:31
I don't recommend you to use it, but
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
14:33
important that you understand it.
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็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:35
Next, we have smidgen.
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ๆฌกใซใ€smidgenใงใ™ใ€‚
14:36
Smidgen, and this means a small piece or amount of something.
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Smidgenใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฐใ•ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใพใŸใฏ้‡ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŠ
14:40
I want just a smidgen of wasabi with my sushi.
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ๅฏฟๅธใซใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใ•ใณใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:43
We also have encrusted.
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ๆ•ฃใ‚Šใฐใ‚ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:45
Encrusted, which means covered with something hard.
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่ฆ†ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็กฌใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใง่ฆ†ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:49
We often talk about a diamond-encrusted crown or a bracelet that was encrusted
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒ€ใ‚คใƒคใƒขใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใกใ‚Šใฐใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็Ž‹ๅ† ใ‚„ใ€ๅฎ็ŸณใŒใกใ‚Šใฐใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚นใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
14:55
with gemstones.
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ใ€‚
14:56
We have to dust.
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ใปใ“ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:58
So to dust can mean to remove dust from somewhere.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅกตใ€ใจใฏใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅกตใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:01
It's a verb for cleaning, but in this
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆŽƒ้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏ
15:04
context, it means to cover something with a powdery substance.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฒ‰ๆœซ็Šถใฎ็‰ฉ่ณชใง่ฆ†ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:09
We dust cake with icing sugar, which is called powdered sugar in American English.
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซ็ฒ‰็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’ใพใถใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใƒ‘ใ‚ฆใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฌใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:15
That's something I learnt recently, actually, through following American recipes.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸใฏ็งใŒๆœ€่ฟ‘ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:19
And finally, we have to abstain.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆฃ„ๆจฉใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:22
To abstain.
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ๆฃ„ๆจฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
15:23
This means to not do something, especially something pleasurable that is
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ ็‰นใซ
15:28
bad for your health or wrong in some way.
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ๅฅๅบทใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:31
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:32
What did you think of my orders?
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็งใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใง
15:33
I think only the first one would be truly
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
15:35
acceptable in a McDonald's.
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ใ€‚
15:38
The next four would probably, yeah, not
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ๆฌกใฎ 4 ใคใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€็งใŒ
15:41
have a good outcome for me if I did that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„็ตๆžœใฏๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:44
Don't forget about your homework.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:45
I want you to write your go-to McDonald's order in the comment section
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใงใฎๆณจๆ–‡ใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
15:51
and go as advanced as you possibly can.
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่ฉณใ—ใๆ›ธใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:53
And don't be afraid of making mistakes.
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ใใ—ใฆ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:56
It's fine.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚
15:57
This is really, really advanced.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ…ˆ้€ฒ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:58
So many native speakers would not be able to explain their use of these structures.
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้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:02
And some wouldn't even use them correctly.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:04
Just go for it and have some fun.
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ใจใซใ‹ใๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:06
And I'll keep my eyes peeled.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ็›ฎใ‚’้›ขใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒๆฅต็ซฏใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
16:07
I'll be looking in the comment section to
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
16:09
see who takes it to extremes.
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ใ€‚
16:11
You can also use the PDF to help you.
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PDF ใ‚‚ใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใœใฒใ”ๆดป็”จใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:13
And if you want to download that, click on the link in the description box.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:16
I've loved today's lesson.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:18
It was ridiculous and fun.
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ใฐใ‹ใฐใ‹ใ—ใใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
16:19
And if you would like another one like this in the future, please give me some ideas.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:23
We've done coffee.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:24
We've done the daily routine.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ—ฅ่ชฒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:26
We've done McDonald's.
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ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:27
We've done all these things.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:28
What next?
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ๆฌกใฏไฝ•๏ผŸ
16:29
What would you like me to take to
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16:30
extremes for you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆฅต็ซฏใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:32
Don't forget to check out my amazing
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็งใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ใœใฒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
16:33
English programmes.
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ใ€‚
16:34
They are 12-week programmes.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 12 ้€ฑ้–“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:36
We have B1, B2 and C1.
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B1ใ€B2ใ€C1ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:39
You can see them all at englishwithlucy.com.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ englishwithlucy.com ใงใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:42
Thousands and thousands of students have taken my programmes.
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ไฝ•ๅƒไบบใ‚‚ใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:45
Here are some comments from students that enrolled in all three programmes.
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3ใคใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ™ในใฆใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใŸๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:49
I must point out Pierre Olivier here because he writes so incredibly beautifully.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ”ใ‚จใƒผใƒซใƒปใ‚ชใƒชใƒดใ‚ฃใ‚จใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:55
And when I received his testimonial, I just thought I have to put that in an
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒณๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
16:59
advanced lesson.
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ใ€‚
17:00
I'd love to have you join them.
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ใœใฒใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
17:02
I will see you soon for another lesson.
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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