JUST ALREADY STILL YET - English Grammar Lesson (+ Free PDF & Quiz)

477,771 views ใƒป 2021-12-08

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
(bright upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
00:09
- Hello lovely students,
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-็ด ๆ•ตใชๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ
00:10
and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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ใ€‚ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:13
I just can't believe it's already time
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ ใจใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:16
for another grammar lesson.
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ใ€‚
00:18
Are you still watching me?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:19
Are you not bored of me yet?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ็งใซ้ฃฝใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:20
(laughs)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
00:22
Did you notice that I just, whoops, used already,
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็งใŒ ใŸใ ใ€ใŠใฃใจใ€ใ™ใงใซใ€
00:26
just, still, and yet in those sentences?
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ใŸใ ใ€ใพใ ใ€ใใ—ใฆใพใ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:31
Those words are the topic of today's lesson,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
00:34
because they are words that learners of English
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ
00:37
usually struggle with.
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้€šๅธธ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
00:39
But once you learn them they're easy to use.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไฝฟใ„ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
We have a complete lesson today,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:45
it also comes with a free PDF with a quiz
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ใพใŸใ€็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บไป˜ใใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎPDFใŒไป˜ๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„
00:49
that you can use to test your understanding.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:52
If you'd like to download the free PDF,
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็„กๆ–™ใฎPDFใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
00:53
just click on the link in the description box,
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ใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
00:56
you enter your name and your email address,
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ใ€ๅๅ‰ ใจใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚น
00:59
you sign up to my mailing list and the PDF
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ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€็งใฎใƒกใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€PDFใŒใ™ใใซ
01:01
will arrive instantaneously in your inbox.
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ๅ—ไฟกใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใซๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
Every week after that you will automatically receive
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ใใฎๅพŒๆฏŽ้€ฑ
01:07
all of my free lesson PDFs and quizzes
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ใ€็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณPDFใจ
01:10
along with all of my news, course offers, and updates.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎใ™ในใฆใŒใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ๆ›ดๆ–ฐใฎใ™ในใฆใจใจใ‚‚ใซ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅ—ไฟกใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
It's a free service, you can unsubscribe at any time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚้€€ไผšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
I'd also like to thank the sponsor
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01:20
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01:23
My favourite method of learning a language is immersion,
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็งใฎๅฅฝใใช่จ€่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ‚คใƒžใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™
01:27
but it's not possible for everyone,
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ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:28
it's quite an expensive way of learning a language,
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ฒป็”จใฎใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ ่จ€่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ๆ–นๆณ•
01:31
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚คใƒžใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆจกๅ€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
01:34
A fantastic way of doing this is immersing yourself
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ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•
01:37
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ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใซๆฒก้ ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:41
A really frustrating situation is when you finally find
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‹›็ซ‹ใŸใ—ใ„็Šถๆณ ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซ
01:44
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ใใฎๅฎŒ็’งใชใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใง
01:47
and it's unavailable in your country.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใฏๅˆฉ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:49
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01:52
A VPN hides your location, so along with improving security,
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01:56
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็š„ใชๅˆถ้™ใ‚’ๅ…‹ๆœใ—
02:00
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02:02
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ใ€ๅˆถ้™ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚จใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ†ใ‚คใƒณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใƒ—ใƒญใƒใ‚คใƒ€ใƒผใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
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02:08
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ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ๆ•ฐ็ง’ใงๆŽฅ็ถšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
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็…ฉใ‚ใ—ใ„้…ๅปถใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:11
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02:14
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02:16
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซใ‚ใชใŸใซๆธกใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:19
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nordvpn.com/lucyใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น ใ—ใฆใ€2ๅนด้–“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใซ
02:23
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ๅŠ ใˆ ใฆใ€ๅคงๅน…ใชๅ‰ฒๅผ•ไป˜ใใฎ1ใ‹ๆœˆใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:27
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30ๆ—ฅ้–“ใฎ่ฟ”้‡‘ไฟ่จผใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:30
All right, let's get started with the lesson.
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:33
So you're likely familiar with adverbs.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
These are words that add extra details to verbs,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
02:40
they describe verbs.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
Words like slowly, quietly, quickly.
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ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใ€้™ใ‹ใซใ€็ด ๆ—ฉใๅฅฝใใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
02:46
An example, I slowly walked through the park,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใŒใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„
02:50
or the little girl sat quietly in her room.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅฅณใฎๅญใŒ ้™ใ‹ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅบงใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ
02:54
Now the four adverbs
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ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹4ใคใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉž
02:55
that I'm going to discuss with you today,
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02:57
are a little different, they are adverbs of time,
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:01
meaning they generally describe when something happens,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:04
there are a few exceptions,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:06
don't worry we will go through those as well.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
03:09
To understand them visually, take a look at this timeline.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:14
We can see the past, now, and the future.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœชๆฅใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
Already and just are used to talk
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ใ™ใงใซใ€ใใ—ใฆใŸใ ้ŽๅŽปใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ‚
03:20
about actions in the past that are finished.
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ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:23
They're not ongoing, they're finished, completed, done.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
Yet is used to talk about things
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
03:29
that are planned to happen in the future,
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ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่จˆ็”ปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
03:32
and still is the tricky one.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
It can have different meanings depending on the usage.
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็”จ้€”ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:37
These adverbs of time are mostly used
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏ
03:40
with the present perfect, have done, I have done.
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ใ€็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงไธปใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
This is because they are used to describe actions
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰็พๅœจใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
03:46
that are related to the present in terms of their timing.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:49
I'm going to give you a couple of examples
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ใ“ใ“ใง
03:51
to demonstrate the timing now.
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ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
With just, we have, I've just finished my homework.
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ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
I've just finished my homework,
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03:59
I finished my homework a short while ago.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:03
With already, I've already watched that movie.
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ใ™ใงใซใ€็งใฏใ™ใงใซ ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:07
I've already watched that movie,
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใฎๆ˜ ็”ป
04:09
I watched that movie sometime in the past.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ„ใคใ‹ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:13
So just is a short while ago,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใ€
04:15
and already, sometime in the past.
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ใใ—ใฆใ™ใงใซใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ„ใคใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:19
It could be a few days ago,
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ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ
04:20
it could be a few months ago, we don't know.
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ๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๆ•ฐใƒถๆœˆๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:23
But what we do know is that it's happened longer ago
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ‚ˆใ‚Šใšใฃใจๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจ
04:27
than just, I've just watched that movie,
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ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹
04:30
I've very recently watched it.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏใ”ใๆœ€่ฟ‘ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:32
I've already watched that movie, a bit further back in time.
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็งใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:36
Let's take a look at yet.
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ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:38
I haven't been to the supermarket yet.
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็งใฏใพใ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:41
I haven't been to the supermarket yet.
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็งใฏใพใ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:43
This means that it's planned, but not done.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ่จˆ็”ปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
You've planned something, but you haven't done it yet.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใพใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:50
See, perfect place to use that word.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€‚
04:52
And still, I still haven't called my teacher.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใฏใพใ  ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:56
I still haven't called my teacher.
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็งใฏใพใ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:59
In this context, it also means that it's planned,
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่จˆ็”ปใ•
05:02
but not done.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
This meaning is very similar to the third example,
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ ใ€ๅ‰ใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹3็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆ
05:06
the previous example.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
The difference is that this implies,
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้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:10
the still here implies
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚
05:12
that this action should have already been completed,
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใฏใ™ใงใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใš
05:15
but you still haven't done it yet.
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใพใ ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
The still here focuses a little bit more
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ใพใ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ™ใงใซใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒ
05:21
on that you should have already performed that action,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใพใ ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—
05:25
but you still haven't.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:27
Maybe you've been procrastinating,
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ…ˆๅปถใฐใ—ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
05:29
maybe you downloaded candy crush, I did that once.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€็งใฏไธ€ๅบฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:31
I know that's a very old game, I, it was ridiculous.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคใ„ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€็งใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:35
Anyway, moving on.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
05:36
So we've got the basic outline,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆฆ‚่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—
05:38
let's dive a little deeper and look at them as individuals.
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ใŸใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ€‹ไบบใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:42
Already, already has three basic usages.
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ใ™ใงใซใ€3ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
First usage, it's used to describe something
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใ€ๅ‰ ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†
05:50
that happened in the near past as we discussed before.
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ใซใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
You don't need to wash up, I've already done it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆด—ใ„ๆตใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:56
I've very recently washed up.
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็งใฏใ”ใๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆด—ใ„ๆตใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:58
The action likely happened several minutes ago.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:01
Second usage, we use it to describe an action
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใฏใ€
06:03
that happened longer ago.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:06
I don't want to travel to Spain, I've already been there.
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็งใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใซๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
That is the biggest lie I've ever said.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไปŠใพใงใซ่จ€ใฃใŸไธญใงๆœ€ๅคงใฎๅ˜˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:10
I always want to travel to Spain.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใซๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
In this sentence, the meaning of already could be months
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏ ใ€ใ™ใงใซๆ•ฐใ‹ๆœˆใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:16
or years in the past.
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ใ€‚
06:18
It's much further in the past than the first example.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:20
The third use of already, and this is an important one
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ใ™ใงใซใฎ3็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใ่ตทใ“ใฃ
06:24
is to express the idea that something happened
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ใŸใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™
06:27
quicker than expected.
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ใ€‚
06:29
The test started 10 minutes ago,
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ10ๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
06:31
but she's already finished it.
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ™ใงใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:34
That is way quicker than I expected.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใšใฃใจ้€Ÿใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Maybe the test is meant to be 30 or 60 minutes long,
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ 30ๅˆ†ใ‹60ๅˆ†ใฎ้•ทใ•ใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
06:41
but the student finished it in 10 minutes.
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ใŒใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ10ๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:43
This action took place sooner than expected.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ ใ€ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:46
I can't believe you finished it already.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚‚ใ†ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ็†่งฃๅบฆ
06:48
Let's have a quick test to check your understanding.
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ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:51
I'm going to show you two sentences,
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2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:53
and I want you to think about the meaning
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06:56
of already in that sentence, whether it's the first usage,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•
06:59
the near past, the second usage, longer ago
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ใ€่ฟ‘ใ„้ŽๅŽปใฎ ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ€
07:03
or the third usage, quicker than expected.
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ใšใฃใจๅ‰ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใชใฉใ€ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใซใ™ใงใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:06
First one, I don't want to see that concert,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€็งใฏ ใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
07:09
I've already seen them live.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:11
I don't want to see that concert,
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็งใฏใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
07:12
I've already seen them live.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:14
One, two or three?
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1ใคใ€2ใคใ€ใพใŸใฏ3ใค๏ผŸ
07:16
Near past, longer ago, or quicker than expected?
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้ŽๅŽปใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€ใšใฃใจๅ‰ใ€ ใพใŸใฏไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้€Ÿใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:21
If you chose number two, then you are correct.
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2็•ช็›ฎใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
Number two, it's 11:00 am,
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ๅˆๅ‰11ๆ™‚ใง
07:25
and he's already eating his lunch.
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ใ€ๅฝผใฏใ™ใงใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:28
It's 11:00 am and he's already eating his lunch.
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ๅˆๅ‰11ๆ™‚ใงใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใ™ใงใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
I can relate hard with this sentence.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
I can really relate with the sentence.
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็งใฏใใฎๆ–‡ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Whenever I have a packed lunch,
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ใŠๅผๅฝ“ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใจ้ฃŸใน
07:37
I just can't stop thinking about it
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ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใพใง่€ƒใˆใšใซใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:39
until I'm finally eating it.
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ใ€‚
07:40
Which usage one, two, or three?
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1ใคใ€2ใคใ€ใพใŸใฏ3ใคใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
07:46
If you chose three, then you are incor--
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ3ใคใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™-
07:49
joking, you're correct, did that make you jump?
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:52
Yeah, he's eating his lunch sooner than expected,
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ใˆใˆใ€ๅฝผ ใฏไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ—ฉใๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
07:55
but he knows his body clock so he can do what he wants.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฝผใฏๅฝผใฎไฝ“ๅ†…ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงๅฝผใฏๅฝผใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:58
Let's move on to the next word, just.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:01
Just has a very similar meaning to already
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใฎใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใŸๆ„ๅ‘ณ
08:04
as we have already discussed a short while ago,
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:08
but it expresses that something happened much more recently.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:11
I've just finished dinner, now it's time for dessert.
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ๅค•้ฃŸใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Š ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:15
I finished dinner moments ago and now I'm ready for dessert.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆ ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:18
However, just can talk about something
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—
08:21
that happened a little longer ago, it could be used
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ๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
08:24
to describe something that happened recently.
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ใ€‚
08:26
For example, William has just come back from America.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใฏ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
08:30
William could have come back several days ago
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใงใฏใชใๆ•ฐๆ—ฅๅ‰ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:33
rather than moments ago,
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08:34
but this is still considered recent.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใ“ใจใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:36
I've also got three more usages of the word just.
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ใพใŸ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใจ3ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:40
They all have a similar general meaning
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็‚นใงใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
08:42
in that they express a strong feeling towards something.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
An example, that's just what I wanted to say.
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ไพ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:49
That's exactly or precisely what I wanted to say.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใพใ•ใซ็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:54
So just here is used to express a precise or exact meaning.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใพใŸใฏๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:58
That's just what he thought,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
09:00
that's exactly precisely what he thought.
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ใพใ•ใซๅฝผใŒ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใพใ•ใซๅฝผใŒ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:03
Another example, she is just an amazing singer.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใŸใ ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆญŒๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
She is just an amazing singer.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใ ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆญŒๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:10
It's like saying simply, she is simply an amazing singer.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏๅ˜ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆญŒๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:15
So just here is used
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ ใ‘ใŒ
09:16
to show a strong feeling about something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
I strongly feel that she is an amazing singer.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆญŒๆ‰‹ใ ใจๅผทใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:22
What about this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:24
Just finish the task as quickly as you can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:27
Just finish the task as quickly as you can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:31
Just here is used to express impatience when giving orders.
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ใ“ใ“ใ ใ‘ใฏใ€ๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ็„ฆใ‚Šใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:35
Just do it, do it now (chuckles).
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ใŸใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ€‚
09:38
So those were all about
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
09:39
having a strong feeling towards something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:41
We now have two more meanings,
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ใ‚‚ใ†2ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
09:43
these are used very frequently.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:45
If I phone my husband and he's at work and he says,
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็งใŒๅคซใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใŒ
09:49
"What do you need?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
09:50
I might say, I just wanted to tell you that I love you.
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็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:54
I just wanted to tell you that I love you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:56
We use just here to reduce the force of a statement
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ใ“ใ“ ใงใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎๅŠ›
09:59
and almost to suggest that it's not important.
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ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:02
Oh it's not important,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
10:03
I just wanted to tell you that I love you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:05
Another example, can I just borrow your phone
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑ
10:08
for one minute?
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ใ‚’1ๅˆ†้–“ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:09
Can I just borrow your phone?
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้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:10
That's all I want, it's not much,
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ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
10:11
please can I borrow your phone?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:13
And lastly, we can use it to mean simply or only.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ˜ใซใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:17
I'm just a student, so I can't afford it.
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็งใฏใŸใ ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:19
I'm simply or only a student so I can't afford it.
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็งใฏๅ˜ใซๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใซ ใ™ใŽใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:22
Okay, so we have those seven usages,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ7ใคใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็†่งฃ
10:25
let's test you once again to check your understanding.
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ๅบฆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
10:27
What is just being used for in this sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€‚
10:31
You should call Tom, he is just the man for the job.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใƒ ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใŸใ ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
10:34
I might have given it away with my hand.
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ๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ใ’ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:36
You should call Tom, he's just the man for the job.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใƒ ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใŸใ ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
It's the third one, to express a precise or exact meaning.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใพใŸใฏๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ3็•ช็›ฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:44
He is the exact man for the job.
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ๅฝผใฏใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใฎไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
And the next sentence, I don't want to hear any excuses
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ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ€็ง ใฏใŸใ ้™ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’่žใใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:49
just to be quiet.
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ใ€‚ ่จ€ใ„่จณ
10:51
I don't want to hear any excuses, just be quiet.
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ใฏ่žใใŸใใชใ„ ใ€ใŸใ ้™ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:54
Which meaning is it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:56
It's usage number five, to express inpatients
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ๆณจๆ–‡ๆ™‚ใซๅ…ฅ้™ขๆ‚ฃ่€…ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฎ5็•ช็›ฎ
11:00
when giving orders.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:01
So we've already spoken about already and just,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ™ใงใซใ€ใใ—ใฆใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
11:05
but we still haven't spoken about still or yet.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใพใ ใพใŸใฏใพใ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:08
So let's move on to these last two.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ2ใคใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:10
I mentioned earlier that still can be a little bit tricky.
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ๅ…ˆใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:14
This is because it can have various applications.
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ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:17
Let's take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:18
We can use it to describe something
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™
11:19
that is going to happen in the near future.
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ใ€‚
11:22
In this case, it's used in a negative context.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
I've been waiting for 20 minutes,
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็งใฏ20ๅˆ†ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
11:27
but he still hasn't arrived.
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:30
Still is often used with continuous grammar,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ใ€็ถ™็ถš็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
11:33
describing an action that is continuing
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็ถ™็ถš
11:36
and hasn't finished yet.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใพใ ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่จ˜่ฟฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:38
He is still washing his car.
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ๅฝผใฏใพใ ่ปŠใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:40
He is continuing to do so, he hasn't finished yet.
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ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ—็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ๅฝผใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:43
This can imply that somebody is taking longer
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹
11:46
than they should or something is taking longer
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ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
11:49
than it should.
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11:49
He's still cleaning his car.
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ไปฅไธŠใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ๅฝผใฏใพใ ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:52
He's still out there, he loves that car.
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ๅฝผใฏใพใ ใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏใใฎ่ปŠใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
11:54
The last use of still is to talk about habits,
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Stillใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏ ใ€
11:57
in particular habits that have not changed
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€็‰นใซใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•
12:00
even if they may be should have changed.
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ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:03
An example, he's 35, but he still lives with his mum.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใฏ35ๆญณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใพใ ๆฏ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
Obviously it's absolutely fine to live with your mum
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ
12:09
when you're 35, whatever works for you.
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ใ€35ๆญณใฎใจใใซๆฏ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™ใฎใฏใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:11
I mean the housing prices now.
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็งใฏไปŠใฎไฝๅฎ…ไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:13
Moving on (chuckles).
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ€‚
12:15
However, there is that implication
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
12:16
that it's not normal to do that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใฏๆญฃๅธธใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณๅˆใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:18
It's a habit that should have been broken
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็คพไผšใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็ ดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™
12:20
according to society.
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ใ€‚
12:22
Another example, do you still go to that nightclub?
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใพใ ใใฎใƒŠใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:25
Oh, we stopped going ages ago.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซ่กŒใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:27
It's implying, oh, you still do that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:29
Oh, we stopped that ages ago.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:31
It doesn't always have to be negative.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่ฒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:33
Do you still work for Google?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ Googleใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:36
For example, do you still work for Google?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ Googleใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:38
"Yes," Cool, so there's still for you.
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใพใ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:41
It's used to describe something
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ใ“ใ‚Œ
12:42
that's going to happen in the near future,
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ใฏใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
12:44
or likely to happen in the near future,
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ใพใŸใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€
12:46
an action in progress that still hasn't finished,
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ใพใ ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€
12:50
or to talk about a habit that hasn't changed,
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ใพใŸใฏ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:53
sometimes with an implication that it should have changed.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใฏใšใ ใจใ€‚
12:56
I hope that's clear for you.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็†่งฃๅบฆ
12:58
If you want to test your understanding even more,
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ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„
13:00
there is a quiz in the PDF.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€PDFใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
Finally, let's talk about yet.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใพใ ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:06
This adverb of time has a couple of meanings,
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซใฏ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
13:09
but the most common one is to express
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ใŒใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏ
13:11
that something's going to happen soon.
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ™ใใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
Have you finished your homework yet?
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
13:16
I expect you to finish it soon,
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ใ™ใใซ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…
13:17
but I don't know if you've completed the task or not.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:20
Comparing this to already,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใงใซใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€
13:22
have you already finished your homework?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
13:24
Implies a little bit more
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13:25
that I'm shocked that you've done it so soon.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซ็งใŒใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:27
Have you already finished your homework?
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใ‚‚ใ†็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
13:28
If I say, have you finished your homework yet?
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
13:31
There's no strong implication
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13:32
that you've done the homework quicker
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใใพใŸใฏ้…ใใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๅผทใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
13:34
or slower than expected.
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ใ€‚
13:36
Have you still not finished your homework?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:38
That implies that your homework is being completed
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ
13:41
at a much slower rate than expected.
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ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้…ใ„้€ŸๅบฆใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:44
There is another meaning of yet,
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ใพใ ใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
13:46
and it's similar to the meaning of nonetheless.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œ ใฏใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:49
Nonetheless, what a great word to say.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:54
Nevertheless was always a favourite of my students.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:57
Nonetheless means despite what has been said or done,
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš ใ€่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚„่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
14:01
it's similar to, but.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:04
Nonetheless, he's retired yet he still continues to work.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฝผใฏๅผ•้€€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๅƒใ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:09
He's retired nevertheless or nonetheless,
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฝผใฏๅผ•้€€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€
14:13
he still continues to work.
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ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๅƒใ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:15
Right, that is it for today's grammar lesson.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
14:18
Now it's time to check your understanding
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ๆฌกใซ
14:20
by completing the quiz in the PDF.
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ใ€PDFใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซๅ›ž็ญ”ใ—ใฆใ€็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:23
If you want to download that,
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
14:24
just click on the link in the description box,
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ใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
14:27
it'll arrive straight in your inbox.
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ใงใ€ๅ—ไฟกใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:29
Don't forget to check out NordVPN.
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NordVPNใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:31
Go to nordvpn.com/lucy for a two year plan
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nordvpn.com/lucyใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€2ๅนด้–“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใซ
14:35
plus an additional month free with a huge discount.
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ๅŠ ใˆ ใฆใ€ๅคงๅน…ใชๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซ1ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“็„กๆ–™ใงใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข
14:39
Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
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ใง็งใจใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
14:42
I've got my Instagram, I've got my website
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็งใฏInstagramใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
14:44
where I've got a fantastic pronunciation tool
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™
14:47
where you can click on phonemes
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ใ€ใใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้Ÿณ็ด ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—
14:50
and hear me pronounce the said phonemes, it's great,
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ใฆ็งใŒ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ด ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€
14:53
I love it (chuckles).
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใ€‚
14:55
If you'd like to improve your listening
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ
14:56
and vocabulary skills,
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ใจ่ชžๅฝ™ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•
14:58
then you can visit my personal channel
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ใ›ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็งใฎๅ€‹ไบบใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€
15:00
where we vlog our lives here and the English countryside,
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ใ“ใ“ ใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใง็งใŸใกใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’vlogใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:03
and every single vlog is fully subtitled,
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ใ™ในใฆใฎvlogใซใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅญ—ๅน•ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
15:05
so you can use it for vocabulary acquisition,
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ใฎใงใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใฎ็ฟ’ๅพ—
15:08
or listening practise.
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ใ‚„ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ€‚
15:10
I will see you soon for another lesson.
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ใพใŸๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:14
(bright upbeat music)
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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