IELTS Speaking Vocabulary: POLITENESS

30,038 views ใƒป 2024-08-15

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:08
- Let's begin.
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- ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏ
00:09
Let's do a little warmup, first of all, okay?
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
00:13
A warmup quiz for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
00:15
So imagine, right, that you are eating dinner with friends.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅ‹้”ใจๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:23
You want the salt.
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ๅกฉใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
So, you are sat around the table.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:27
You want the salt, which is at the other end of the table,
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎๅๅฏพๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅกฉใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:32
which is the best phrase to use?
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ใฉใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใŒๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ‹?
00:36
Is it A, give me the salt.
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Aใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅกฉใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:39
B, could you pass me the salt?
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Bใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๅกฉใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
Or C, would you be so kind as to give me the salt.
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚Cใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ๅกฉใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
00:47
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:49
Just type in the chat.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใซๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Let me know what you think is the best phrase to use here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ›ธใ
00:59
I'll give you a minute to write something in there.
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ใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:04
(mellow music)
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๏ผˆ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
01:06
Hello, Brian.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ€‚
01:08
Hello, Roy and your gallery.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒญใ‚คใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒฉใƒชใƒผใ€‚
01:12
Victoria.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ฏใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใ€‚
01:13
I think everybody's saying B.
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ B ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
Oh, I've got one or two Cs.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใซใฏ C ใŒ 1 ใคใ‹ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
Hmm, let's have a look.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:21
I would say in this context, I would say,
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ
01:25
could you pass me the salt, okay?
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ๅกฉใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:27
Could you pass me the salt?
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ๅกฉใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:29
Because generally speaking, give me the salt.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅกฉใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:33
This kind of imperative, do this, do that.
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ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:37
Give me the salt, pass the salt is quite strong in English,
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Give me the Saltใ€Pโ€‹โ€‹ass the Salt ใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€
01:42
especially for British people.
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็‰นใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฃใฆ
01:44
Even if you say, give me the salt, please.
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่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ๅกฉใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:48
It's still, it's the imperative, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…้ ˆไบ‹้ …ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:51
This do this, do that.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:53
That for us is a little bit strong.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
So normally we use questions.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ Facebook ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใง
01:57
And if you saw my video on the Facebook page,
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใซใชใฃใŸๆ–นใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:02
it's about that idea that we tend
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็งใŸใกใฏ
02:03
to use questions to be polite.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
Instead of give me the salt, could you give me the salt?
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ๅกฉใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ๅกฉใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:12
Instead of open the window, could you open the window?
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็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:17
Instead of shh, be quiet, could you be quiet, okay?
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ใ‚ทใƒผใƒƒใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€้™ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ€ ้™ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:24
You may say, please, could you be quiet, please?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้™ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:27
Okay, we use please and thank you a lot.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
But the question, that's the key, right?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ตใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:30
Is asking the question.
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
The last one, as Christina said,
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒŠใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œ
02:34
would you be so kind as to is too formal, it's too polite.
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ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใฏ ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ—ใ€ไธๅฏงใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
It's just not natural conversation.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:45
I think that would be a bit strange to say that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:46
Would you be so kind as to give me the salt.
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ๅกฉใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
02:50
If you were having dinner with the king?
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ใ‚‚ใ—็Ž‹ๆง˜ใจๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰๏ผŸ
02:53
Maybe. (chuckles)
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
02:56
But it sounds a bit like, "Downtown Abbey."
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใฎไฟฎ้“้™ขใ€ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
Donton Abbey, "Downtown Abbey." (chuckles)
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ใƒ‰ใƒณใƒˆใƒณใƒปใ‚ขใƒ“ใƒผใ€ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใƒปใ‚ขใƒ“ใƒผใ€ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
03:02
It sounds a bit like old fashioned and a bit formal.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค้ขจใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:06
So I would go with B.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€็งใฏ B ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†
03:09
Now that said, here's a very, very important thing, right?
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ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้žๅธธใซ ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
I think we need to be careful of stereotypes.
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็งใŸใกใฏ ๅ›บๅฎš่ฆณๅฟตใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
So a lot of people think, yeah,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ€
03:22
British people, they're very polite.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
All the British people have this bowler hat, an umbrella.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฏ็š†ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅฑฑ้ซ˜ๅธฝใจๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Hello, good morning.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใŠใฏใ‚ˆใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
We're all very, very polite.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
Please, thank you, sorry.
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ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:34
It's not true, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:36
It's just not true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:37
It's a stereotype.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›บๅฎš่ฆณๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
So when we talk about politeness,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€
03:41
be really careful of stereotypes.
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ๅ›บๅฎš่ฆณๅฟตใซๅๅˆ†ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:46
A stereotype is a general idea that everyone's the same.
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ๅ›บๅฎš่ฆณๅฟตใจใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:50
And of course, it's not true.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:52
Britain has polite and rude people.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ไบบใ‚‚ๅคฑ็คผใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
03:56
Polite, polite rude is the opposite, not polite,
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๅคฑ็คผใฏ ใใฎ้€†ใงใ€็คผๅ„€
04:01
just like every country, right?
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ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:03
And indeed, the level of politeness
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฏ
04:05
will depend on different things.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
It will depend on the person, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
04:10
Generally speaking, I'm quite a polite person.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ไบบ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
I have a friend who's much less polite,
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็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใซใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใชใใ€
04:17
he's much more direct.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใชไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
He's British, but boom, he's much more direct.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ž‡็›ดใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
It depends on the person's personality, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎไบบใฎๆ€งๆ ผใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:25
It depends on the relationship with the other person.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:28
If you're talking to your father or your friend or your boss
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็ˆถ่ฆช ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใ€ไธŠๅธ
04:33
or your children, your politeness will change.
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:37
Depends on the situation.
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็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
Is it dinner?
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ๅค•้ฃŸใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:40
Is it meeting?
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ไผš่ญฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:41
Is it relaxed?
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ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:42
Is it with a lot of people you know or don't know?
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
It will depend.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
And it'll depend on the mood, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:49
I am not always polite.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:53
If I'm angry and I lose it, I can be very, very rude.
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ๆ€’ใฃใฆ่ฒ ใ‘ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคฑ็คผใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
I may feel bad later, but it depends on my mood
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ๅพŒใงๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
05:03
if I'm in a good mood or a bad mood.
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ๆฉŸๅซŒใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚
05:05
So I think it's impossible to say what is correct
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
05:10
or incorrect with politeness in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝ•ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
It depends on so many things.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:16
That said, we are gonna look at some guidelines.
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ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
We've got a great expression in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:22
It's called a rule of thumb.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
A rule of thumb.
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็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:27
The thumb
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็ตŒ้จ“
05:28
A rule of thumb is a guideline, right?
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ๅ‰‡ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
05:31
It doesn't mean it's a rule, black and white.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็™ฝใ‹้ป’ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:33
It's just a guideline, a help.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
For example, using a question is one guideline to be polite.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:42
There are others, and we'll be looking at
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
05:43
kind of guidelines and rules of thumb.
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ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
A rule of thumb.
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็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:50
Oh, there you go.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
05:51
It knows it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
A rule of thumb equals a general guideline.
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็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใฏ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:58
I love this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œๅคงๅฅฝใใ€‚
05:59
It's writing for me.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
06:03
Now, if you are interested in reading a bit more about this,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:08
I'm gonna share with you a link here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:11
I'll ask Burns to share it.
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ใƒใƒผใƒณใ‚บใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
06:14
Burns who works with me.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:15
I think I can share it as well, actually.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
But eh, let me show you over here.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ๆกˆๅ†…ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:22
So this is about English etiquette.
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๅ›žใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚จใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:24
Etiquette just means the way we behave.
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ใ‚จใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ็งใŸใกใฎๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:29
It's the customary code of polite behavior, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๆ…ฃไพ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:35
And this is a really interesting article.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใจๆ–‡ๅŒ–
06:38
It will talk about the English and the culture.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:41
For example, here it says, British etiquette
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎใ‚จใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฏ
06:46
dictates courtesy at all times, or courteousness,
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ๅธธใซ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ• ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ‚’่ฆๅฎšใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
06:50
which means forming an orderly queue in a shop.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅบ—ใซๆ•ด็„ถใจๅˆ—ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
We love to queue, right?
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็งใŸใกใฏ่กŒๅˆ—ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:57
Saying, excuse me, when someone is blocking your way.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่กŒใๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Saying, please, and thank you
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07:03
for any service you've received.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใžใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:05
All of these.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ€‚
07:07
And this article goes on.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
It talks a lot more about it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
It's an interesting article.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
07:11
It talks about being a guest at a party.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใจใ—ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
As the guest, it's polite to wait until everyone
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ใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€
07:18
at the table has been served.
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…จๅ“กใซๆ–™็†ใŒๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใพใงๅพ…ใคใฎใŒ็คผๅ„€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:21
Once the meal has begun, it's impolite
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้ฃŸไบ‹ใŒๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
07:24
to reach over someone else's plate for an item.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใฎ็šฟใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใฆๅ“็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใ€‚
07:29
So if you're all eating and the salt is there,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใŒ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ ใฆๅกฉใŒใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
07:32
if I reach over your plate, it's a no-no, it's impolite.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ็šฟใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏใƒŽใƒผใƒŽใƒผใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใ€‚
07:37
So, it's an interesting article.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:39
I recommend you can go and have a look at it maybe later
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ๅพŒใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
07:42
and find out a little bit about the English etiquette.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚จใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:47
It's not 18th century.
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18ไธ–็ด€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
07:49
I mean, what they've written here,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎ
07:51
I think the vast majority is still true today.
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ๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
So, it's quite interesting.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
07:56
You can go and have a look at that.
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่กŒใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
07:57
There you go.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
07:58
I can put the link in myself as well.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฒผใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:00
But thank you, Burns, has got it in there.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ•ใ‚“ใ€็„กไบ‹ใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:04
Daniela, it is true.
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ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใ‚จใƒฉใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
I can't imagine you not to be polite.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใชใ‚“ใฆๆƒณๅƒใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:08
I can seriously, sometimes it does happen. (chuckles)
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็œŸๅ‰ฃใซใ€ๆ™‚ใ€… ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ (็ฌ‘ใ„)
08:13
Okay, so with that in mind, let's move on.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:18
So let's have a look at vocabulary.
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ใใ“ใง่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:21
So just to put this in focus,
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08:23
where we are, where we actually starting.
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็งใŸใกใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:25
Politeness.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ€‚
08:27
That's the theme.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:28
If you've just joined us, we're gonna begin
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
08:30
looking at vocabulary on the topic of politeness, okay?
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
08:34
So politeness is the noun, politeness.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใƒใ‚นใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใƒใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
08:39
And that stress goes on the light, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏๅ…‰โ€‹โ€‹ใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ
08:43
I'll just try and make it a bit clearer for you.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:45
Politeness.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ€‚
08:47
And we have the plosive P, it's a puh, puh.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ ด่ฃ‚้Ÿณใฎ P ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ ใƒ—ใƒƒใ€ใƒ—ใƒƒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:53
In many languages, the P is not plosive, it's per buh, buh.
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ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใ€P ใฏ ็ ด่ฃ‚้Ÿณใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œper buh, buhใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:58
But in English it's a puh.
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ใงใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€Œpuhใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
So, actually, if I take my lesson plan
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŒใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
09:07
and I do this, politeness.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:10
Can you see that it moves?
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ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:12
In many languages, it will be politeness,
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ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใƒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใƒใ‚นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
09:15
but in English, politeness, politeness.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใƒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใƒใ‚นใ€ใƒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใƒใ‚นใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
I'm gonna have students walking around England going,
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซ
09:23
"Hello, my name is Paul."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไธญใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
Politeness, politeness.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ€‚
09:29
Stress on the light, politeness.
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่ปฝใ•ใจ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
And it's a per, politeness, okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:36
This means just showing respect
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ—
09:37
and being thoughtful of other people, right?
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ใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:41
Being careful and thoughtful.
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ๆ…Ž้‡ใงๆ€ๆ…ฎๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚
09:43
The adjective, polite, polite.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ไธๅฏงใชใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
09:47
And we say to be polite to someone.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
So just notice the the preposition there.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:57
I am polite to you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:00
He was very polite to me.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๆŽฅใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:05
He was very polite to me.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๆŽฅใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:07
And notice the two becomes tuh, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใŒใ€Œใˆใฃใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:11
Of course, because it's weak.
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ๅผฑใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝ“็„ถใงใ™ใ€‚
10:13
He was polite to me, tuh me, to me.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใใ†ใ€็งใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๆŽฅใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:19
Can you say to me.
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
10:21
Polite to me.
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็งใซใฏไธๅฏงใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ€ใƒ€ใ€ใƒ€ใƒ€ใ€ใƒ€ใƒ€ใ€ใƒ€ใƒ€ใ€ไธๅฏงใซใ€‚
10:23
Da da, da da, da da, da da, polite to me.
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10:27
He was very polite to me.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๆŽฅใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:31
Nice, good.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
10:33
Making good progress there.
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ใใ“ใงใฏ่‰ฏใ„้€ฒๆญฉใ‚’้‚ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
You should be polite to your elders.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนด้•ท่€…ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:40
It was polite of you to help me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:44
It was kind of you to help me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใซ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:47
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
10:48
It was polite of you to help me, okay?
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็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใญใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:53
Other expressions we've got.
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ไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚‚ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:54
To make polite conversation.
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ไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
10:57
So, polite conversation just means small talk.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใจใฏ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไธ–้–“่ฉฑใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:01
Small talk if you don't know, is the unimportant talk,
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฎไธ–้–“่ฉฑใฏใ€ ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„่ฉฑใ€
11:07
the things that are not important.
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้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:09
So when you meet somebody, polite conversation,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไผšใ†ใจใใฏใ€ ไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใ€
11:12
small talk is nice weather today.
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ไธ–้–“่ฉฑ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
11:16
Ooh, it's a bit cold.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
11:17
Have you been here before?
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:19
Ooh, what time is it?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ไปŠไฝ•ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:21
It's just talking about small things.
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ใปใ‚“ใฎไบ›็ดฐใชใ“ใจใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
11:26
Mostly the weather actually, for most British people.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
11:30
Polite conversation is the weather.
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ไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใŒๅคฉๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:33
Or did you have a good trip?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๆ—…ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:34
Did you find it okay?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:35
Yes, good, okay.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
11:37
Did you drive here?
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ใ“ใ“ใซ่ปŠใง่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:38
Hmm, all those polite conversations.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใญใ€‚
11:44
You can say, I'm not very good
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็งใฏไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅพ—ๆ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
11:45
at making polite conversation.
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ใ€‚
11:47
So notice to make polite conversation or to make small talk,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธๅฏงใช ไผš่ฉฑใ‚„ไธ–้–“่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฏไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใŒ
11:52
I am not very good at making polite conversation,
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅพ—ๆ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€
11:55
I just say what I feel.
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ใŸใ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใใฎใพใพ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:58
Okay, good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:01
Now, oh, I've got a quick book recommendation,
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ใ•ใฆใ€
12:05
because I read this book several years ago.
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ใ“ใฎ ๆœฌใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใซ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใฎๆœฌใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:09
It's called, "Watching the English"
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ใใฎๆœฌใฏใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
12:11
the Hidden Rules of English Behavior."
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ้š ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒซใƒผใƒซใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:13
And there are extracts that talk about politeness,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ€
12:17
etiquette, and the way British people are.
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ใ‚จใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎใ‚ใ‚Šๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆŠœ็ฒ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:21
Well, English, it talks more about English.
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ใพใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:23
It's the English people, English behavior.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใงใ™ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใงใ™ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™
12:26
Again, there's a link here you can go and have a look at.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:29
I will show you, this is just an extract,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆŠœ็ฒ‹ใงใ™
12:32
but to give you an idea.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ
12:34
And so you can see the book.
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ๆœฌใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:36
I mean, you can go and look for this in Amazon or wherever.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒžใ‚พใƒณใ‹ใฉใ“ใ‹ใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:39
These are some of the quotes.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
12:41
It's a great book.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚
12:42
If you are living in England, you should read this.
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12:45
I think it's really, really interesting.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:48
There you go.
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12:49
Small talk, small talk.
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12:52
So it says on small talk, "You do not go up
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ใใ“ใงไธ–้–“่ฉฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ใ€Œ
12:55
to someone at a party or in any other social setting
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚„ใ€ใƒใƒผใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใชใฉใ€
12:59
where conversation with strangers is permitted,
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่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌไบบใจใฎไผš่ฉฑใŒ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็คพไบค็š„ใชๅ ดใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€Ž
13:02
such as a bar counter and say, 'Hello, I'm John Smith,'
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:08
or even, 'Hello, I'm John.'
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:10
In fact, the only correct way to introduce yourself
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใง ่‡ชๅทฑ็ดนไป‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
13:14
in such settings is not to introduce yourself at all,
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่‡ชๅทฑ็ดนไป‹ใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใ่กŒใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
13:20
but to find some other way of initiating a conversation
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ใŒใ€
13:23
such as a remark about the weather.
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็™บ่จ€ใชใฉใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
13:26
The brash American approach,
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13:28
'Hi, I'm Bill, how are you,'
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏใƒ“ใƒซใงใ™ใ€ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็”Ÿๆ„ๆฐ—ใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฎใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใฏใ€
13:31
particularly if accompanied by an outstretched hand
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็‰นใซ ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใฆ
13:33
and beaming smile makes the English wince and cringe."
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ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ‚„ใ‹ใช็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’ไผดใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฏใฒใ‚‹ใฟใ€็ธฎใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
13:39
Wince and cringe is, ugh.
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13:42
"Hi, I'm Bill."
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ใ€ ใ€Œ
13:44
We hate that.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:45
We don't do that in England.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:46
"Hi, I'm Keith."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:47
We just don't do it.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:49
When you meet somebody, you say, "Oh, nice weather."
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่ชฐใ‹ใซไผšใ†ใจใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
13:52
(chuckles) You never introduce yourself.
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ ่‡ชๅทฑ็ดนไป‹ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ
13:55
It's an interesting extract.
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13:58
There are different quotes here, but you can go
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅผ•็”จใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€
14:00
and check out the whole book, "Watching the English."
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ใ€ŒWatching the Englishใ€ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:03
I do recommend it.
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14:05
Especially if you are living in England,
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็‰นใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆœฌใŒใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:08
I think it's really valuable.
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่ฒด้‡ใชๆœฌใงใ™ใฎใงใ€Amazon ใชใฉใง
14:11
I think it's well worth picking up.
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่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏๅๅˆ†ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
14:13
Get it in Amazon or somewhere similar,
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14:16
wherever you get your books.
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ใ€‚
14:18
Okay, coming back to being polite.
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ใงใฏใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:20
Well, let's come back to you.
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14:22
Let's see.
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14:24
Lina, "That helped a lot."
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ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ
14:25
Good, great.
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่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
14:28
Mohsen says, "I think you're so polite in every situation."
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ใƒขใƒผใ‚ปใƒณใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:30
Maybe, maybe.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
14:35
Lina, "Keith, tell me the difference
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ใƒชใƒŠใ€ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€
14:36
of a verb and a noun."
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
14:38
Well, Lina, a verb is a doing word.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใƒชใƒŠใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ๅฎŸ่กŒไธญใฎๅ˜่ชž ๅฎŸ่กŒไธญใฎ
14:43
A doing word is some action like run
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ๅ˜่ชžใจใฏใ€
14:46
or swim or speak when you do something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ€ๆณณใใ€่ฉฑใ™ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:50
A noun is normally a thing, an object like a cup
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ๅ่ฉžใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—
14:59
or a coffee or a pair of glasses, normally, okay?
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ใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใชใฉใฎ็‰ฉใ€็‰ฉไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:04
Very, very simple.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
15:06
Okay, good question though.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
15:08
"You always introduce the weather first."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
15:10
Yes, exactly, exactly.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใพใ•ใซใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
15:12
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
15:13
Okay, excellent.
300
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:16
There's another recommendation here.
301
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:18
This is from Mehrpascal,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒกใ‚ขใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒซใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ€Ž่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใซใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใจใ„ใ†
15:19
"I recommend a book calls, 'How to be a Brit.'"
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ๆœฌใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
15:22
Fantastic, good.
304
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
15:24
Sounds good.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
15:25
I'm just gonna make this slightly bigger,
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใใ—ใฆ
15:27
but easier to read.
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่ชญใฟใ‚„ใ™ใใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”
15:28
Thank you for that recommendation.
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ๆŽจ่–ฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:29
Nice, thank you very much.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:30
Do appreciate it.
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:32
Let's get back into synonyms.
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ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใฎ่ฉฑใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:35
So synonyms on words with a similar meaning.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ไผผใŸๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
15:38
Not exactly the same, but similar meaning.
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ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:42
So synonyms for polite.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธๅฏงใจๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
15:44
So these are adjectives, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:45
We can say respectful.
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ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
15:48
Again, I should mark the stress for you.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:51
And you can just say it with me.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
Respectful.
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ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:57
Well mannered.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
15:59
Courteous.
321
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ไธๅฏงใ€‚
16:01
Ker, ker, not core.
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ใ‚ณใ‚ขใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใ€‚
16:05
Courteous.
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ไธๅฏงใ€‚
16:07
You can see the courteous.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:11
And stress the first word, right, the first syllable.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:14
Courteous, courteous, courteous.
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ไธๅฏงใ€ไธๅฏงใ€ไธๅฏงใ€‚
16:20
I am courteous.
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็งใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:22
You are courteous, I'm sure.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใฃใจใ€‚
16:26
Civil, civil.
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ๆฐ‘ไบ‹ใ€ๆฐ‘ไบ‹ใ€‚
16:28
It's a vuh, civil.
330
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ‚ใ€ๆฐ‘ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:30
Civil meaning polite.
331
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ใ‚ทใƒ“ใƒซใจใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
16:32
Civil.
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ๆฐ‘ไบ‹ใ€‚
16:34
Civil.
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ๆฐ‘ไบ‹ใ€‚
16:35
Not Cybil, which is a name, but civil.
334
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ใ‚ทใƒ“ใƒซใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅธ‚ๆฐ‘็š„ใชๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:38
Civ, vuh, vuh, vuh.
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ใ‚ทใƒดใ€ใƒดใƒผใ€ใƒดใƒผใ€ใƒดใƒผใ€‚
16:40
Civil.
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ๆฐ‘ไบ‹ใ€‚
16:43
I'm civil.
337
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็งใฏๆฐ‘้–“ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
16:44
Please be civil.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:46
Don't argue, be civil.
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:50
Other words which are similar, are tactful and indirect.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใฎไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ๅทงๅฆ™ใง้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:56
Now, tactful and indirect is not polite in the same sense.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฉŸ่ปขใŒๅˆฉใใ€้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:02
It's polite in that you are not
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17:05
saying something directly, okay?
343
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็›ดๆŽฅไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็‚นใง็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:09
So let's imagine you are talking about
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‚ฅๆบ€ใพใŸใฏๅคชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
17:13
somebody who is obese or fat.
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ใ€‚
17:18
Now, today nowadays we don't use the word, fat.
346
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใฏใ€Œ ใƒ‡ใƒ–ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:24
It's become a bit of a politically correct thing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ซใƒซใ‚ณใƒฌใ‚ฏใƒˆใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
17:28
And so sometimes you want to find a way
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
17:31
to say it more politely, to be tactful or indirect.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซใ€ ๆฉŸ่ปขใ‚’ๅˆฉใ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:37
So you may say she's a bit on the large side,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใ„ใ€
17:40
or he is a bit on the large side.
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ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:43
Instead of saying he's stupid, not nice, right?
352
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ๅฝผใฏ ๆ„šใ‹ใ ใ€ๅ„ชใ—ใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
17:46
That's not polite.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:47
Oh, he's stupid.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ„šใ‹ใ ใ€‚
17:48
He's not very clever.
355
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ณขใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:50
He's not very clever.
356
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ณขใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:53
And yeah, I heard this in the news very, very recently,
357
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ใใ†ใ€ ใคใ„ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€
17:57
talking about the riots in the UK
358
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎๆšดๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใง่žใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™
18:00
and some of the officials were saying,
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ใŒใ€ๅฝ“ๅฑ€่€…ใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใŒ
18:03
"Yes, the people who are out rioting
360
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ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆšดๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŸใกใฏ
18:05
are not very clever, not very smart."
361
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ณขใใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ณขใใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:08
It's just a indirect way of saying he's stupid, okay?
362
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใŒๆ„šใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:13
So tactful and indirect,
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅทงๅฆ™ใ‹ใค้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใชใ€
18:15
the idea of saying it in another way.
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ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใง่จ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€‚
18:20
Okay, synonyms, antonyms, which is the opposite meaning.
365
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ€ๅๅฏพ่ชžใ€ ๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
18:26
So the opposite of polite, impolite,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€็„ก็คผใชใ€
18:30
impolite, rude, offensive.
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็„ก็คผใชใ€ๅคฑ็คผใชใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใชใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
18:36
Offensive is stronger.
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ๆ”ปๆ’ƒๅŠ›ใŒๅผทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:38
So I think you would say impolite, rude, and offensive.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็„ก็คผใ€็„ก็คผใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:44
Offensive is very, very impolite.
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ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใชใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใ€‚
18:47
So offensive.
371
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:49
If you say to somebody, you are stupid, you are an idiot.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆ„šใ‹ใ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ„šใ‹ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
18:52
That's offensive.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใ ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใง
18:53
It's like an insult.
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ไพฎ่พฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚
18:55
It's very, very strong.
375
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:56
Impolite could be, you forget to say thank you.
376
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ใŠ็คผใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใฏๅคฑ็คผใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:01
That's just impolite, but offensive
377
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ๅคฑ็คผใช่ฉฑใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใฎๆ–นใŒ
19:03
is much, much stronger, right?
378
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ใšใฃใจๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:06
Okay, so those are the antonyms
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ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
19:09
with the opposite meaning, okay?
380
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ๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅฏพ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใญใ€‚
19:14
Right, good.
381
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
19:15
Shaimi says, "I bought it right now."
382
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ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใƒŸใฏใ€ŒไปŠ่ฒทใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
19:18
You bought the book, fantastic.
383
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ๆœฌใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
19:19
Well done.
384
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:21
Julia, "She's short, she's vertically challenged."
385
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ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ƒŒใŒไฝŽใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅž‚็›ดๆ–นๅ‘ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
19:24
Yes, very, very good.
386
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:26
This is another example.
387
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:27
It's a very good example actually
388
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
19:29
of being indirect or tactful.
389
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้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใพใŸใฏๅทงๅฆ™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘
19:34
And I'm just gonna help you a little bit here, Julia,
390
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ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒชใ‚ขใ€
19:37
because as an adjective, challenge
391
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ€ŒๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€ใฏ
19:40
will change to challenged, right?
392
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ใ€ŒๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:44
So she's short, she's vertically challenged.
393
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ƒŒใŒไฝŽใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅž‚็›ดๆ–นๅ‘ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:49
This is, we use this quite euphemistically.
394
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฉ‰ๆ›ฒ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:51
It has a sense of humor, right?
395
1191990
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ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
19:53
It's quite funny when we say this.
396
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ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใจใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
19:55
We use this to convey humor, right?
397
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ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:59
Excellent, good.
398
1199506
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
20:02
"In game culture, we usually call
399
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ใ€Œใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใงใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€
20:04
a ruder person, 'toxic,'" right?
400
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคฑ็คผใชไบบใ‚’ใ€Œๆœ‰ๆฏ’ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
20:06
Yeah, good.
401
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833
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
20:07
Very, very good.
402
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:09
"Oh, now I've come to understand
403
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€
20:11
a bit the culture of the English people."
404
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
20:12
Right, good, start your journey.
405
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆ—…ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:17
"What do I say if I want to dodge
406
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ƒŒใŒไฝŽใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„้€ƒใ‚ŒใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
20:19
saying that someone is short?"
407
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๏ผŸใ€
20:20
They are vertically challenged.
408
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅž‚็›ดๆ–นๅ‘ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:24
Or they're not very tall, right?
409
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่บซ้•ทใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้ซ˜ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:27
Just use the opposite, Tram Long.
410
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ๅๅฏพๅดใฎใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใƒปใƒญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:30
They're not very tall, not very clever, not very tall.
411
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใใ€ ่ณขใใ‚‚ใชใใ€่ƒŒใ‚‚้ซ˜ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:35
Yep, or they're not very, yeah, they're not very tall.
412
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ใใ†ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใใ†ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:41
Good.
413
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
20:42
Rude.
414
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833
ๅคฑ็คผใ€‚
20:43
Excellent, good.
415
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1417
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
20:45
Anna says, "I love the way you're teaching synonyms."
416
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใฎๆ•™ใˆๆ–นใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:47
I'm glad they're useful.
417
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:51
Shaimaa, "Does the rule of thumb equal to common sense?"
418
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใƒžใƒผใ€Œ็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใฏ ๅธธ่ญ˜ใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹๏ผŸใ€
20:54
It's very, very similar.
419
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:56
Yes, similar.
420
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:57
Actually yes.
421
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1263
ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:00
Artyom, "She's boring, she's too serious."
422
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ใ‚ขใƒซใƒใƒงใƒ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใ ใ€็œŸ้ข็›ฎใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
21:03
Nice, very nice, yes.
423
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็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚
21:05
She's not the most interesting person, right?
424
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:09
She's not the most interesting person,
425
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ„ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
21:12
or I like this Artyom, "She's too serious," yes.
426
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ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใƒใƒงใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚
21:16
So antonyms, just a few more phrases
427
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ๅๆ„่ชžใจใ—ใฆใ€
21:19
that we commonly use here.
428
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:22
We talk about a common courtesy.
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ๅ…ฑ้€šใฎ็คผๅ„€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
21:25
It can be countable or uncountable actually.
430
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:30
It can be uncountable or countable, both.
431
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:34
This is the expected politeness.
432
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:36
If you expect people to do things, it's common courtesy.
433
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ไบบใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
21:42
So it's common courtesy to take a gift
434
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ๆ‰‹ๅœŸ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใ™
21:45
when you visit someone's house for the first time, right?
435
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:49
It's common courtesy.
436
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:51
Remember courtesy.
437
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็คผๅ„€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:53
Courtesy is, did I have that already?
438
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็คผๅ„€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
21:58
A common courtesy?
439
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€๏ผŸ ใใ†
21:59
I did, right?
440
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ใ ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:01
Courteous.
441
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833
22:01
Ah, okay.
442
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ไธๅฏงใ€‚
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็คผๅ„€
22:03
Courteous was the adjective.
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ๆญฃใ—ใใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:04
Courtesy is the noun.
444
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็คผๅ„€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
22:06
Common courtesy.
445
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใ€‚
22:07
To take a gift when you visit someone's house.
446
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ดˆใ‚Š็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใ€‚
22:10
As we said before in that article, it's common courtesy
447
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ไปฅๅ‰ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใง่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ไธญใซ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ็šฟใซใ‚‚ใŸใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใ™
22:14
to not lean over somebody's plate when you are eating.
448
1334970
4800
ใ€‚
22:19
It's common courtesy to talk about the weather
449
1339770
2850
22:22
when you meet somebody, maybe.
450
1342620
2490
่ชฐใ‹ใจไผšใฃใŸใจใใซๅคฉๆฐ—ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:25
If you go to somebody's house for dinner,
451
1345110
1980
่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฎถใซๅค•้ฃŸใซ่กŒใๅ ดๅˆใ€
22:27
it's common courtesy to take a bottle of wine.
452
1347090
3270
ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:30
In England, we take a bottle of wine,
453
1350360
1860
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏใ€ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ 1 ๆœฌใ€
22:32
maybe some flowers or a dessert, maybe.
454
1352220
3543
ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่Šฑใ‹ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:38
Yeah, common courtesy.
455
1358490
1710
ใฏใ„ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:40
In England, personal space,
456
1360200
3090
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
22:43
the space we have around us is very important.
457
1363290
2973
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ‘จๅ›ฒใฎ็ฉบ้–“ใŒ ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
22:47
There's a bit of research on this that says
458
1367340
2460
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ใจใ€
22:49
the personal space that British people expect
459
1369800
3150
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใฏ
22:52
is about one meter.
460
1372950
2220
็ด„1ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:55
So it's about, well, that far.
461
1375170
2250
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ‚ใ€ใใ“ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚
22:57
And if somebody comes into that space,
462
1377420
3270
ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใฎ็ฉบ้–“ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
23:00
it's not common courtesy.
463
1380690
2430
ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:03
It's a bit of a surprise.
464
1383120
1530
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้ฉšใใงใ™ใ€‚
23:04
In fact, if a person comes into that space,
465
1384650
2730
ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ใใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใซไบบใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ€
23:07
the British person will move away to establish that meter.
466
1387380
4830
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฏ ใใฎใƒกใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’็ขบ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้›ขใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
23:12
And I notice this with a Spanish people,
467
1392210
2640
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณไบบใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:14
because the personal space is much shorter
468
1394850
2820
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็Ÿญใ
23:17
and Spanish people will come much closer,
469
1397670
2580
ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณไบบใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:20
and so, I used to move away, but now I'm used to it.
470
1400250
4320
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ้ ใ–ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏใใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:24
Common courtesy in England is to keep
471
1404570
2940
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็คผๅ„€ใฏใ€
23:27
that meter space, interesting.
472
1407510
3690
่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒกใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไฟใคใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š
23:31
Again, remember, depends on the person,
473
1411200
3510
ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไบบใ€
23:34
depends on the context, depends on other things, right?
474
1414710
3840
็Šถๆณใ€ ใใฎไป–ใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:38
It's not black and white.
475
1418550
1833
็™ฝ้ป’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:42
Other expressions, good manners.
476
1422330
1560
ใใฎไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใ€ใƒžใƒŠใƒผใ€‚
23:43
We talk about good manners.
477
1423890
1860
็งใŸใกใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใƒžใƒŠใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:45
Behave in a correct way.
478
1425750
2430
ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:48
These are good manners.
479
1428180
2250
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใƒžใƒŠใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
23:50
So, as a noun.
480
1430430
2040
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€‚
23:52
He has got good manners.
481
1432470
1923
ๅฝผใฏ็คผๅ„€ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
23:55
Yes, I think often British people talk about children
482
1435950
3660
ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น ไบบใฏใ‚ˆใๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’
23:59
saying, "Oh, your children have got good manners."
483
1439610
2370
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใญใ€ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:01
It's a compliment.
484
1441980
1230
ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:03
Your children have got good manners.
485
1443210
1590
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใƒžใƒŠใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:04
You've brought them up well.
486
1444800
1470
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่‚ฒใฆใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:06
You've educated them well.
487
1446270
2010
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใๆ•™่‚ฒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:08
He's got good manners.
488
1448280
1860
ๅฝผใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚
24:10
To be considerate is another one.
489
1450140
2070
ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใฏใพใŸๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
24:12
To be considerate, considerate, stress the ser.
490
1452210
4410
ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ใ‚ตใƒผใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:16
Considerate.
491
1456620
2040
ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
24:18
Is to be thoughtful of other people.
492
1458660
2220
ไป–ไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
24:20
Respectful, thoughtful, considerate.
493
1460880
4353
ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ๆ€ๆ…ฎๆทฑใใ€ๆ€ๆ…ฎๆทฑใ„ใ€‚
24:26
Respectful, thoughtful, considerate
494
1466130
4020
ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ€ๆ…ฎๆทฑใใ€
24:30
of other people's feelings, right?
495
1470150
3333
ไป–ไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
24:34
Thanks for your help.
496
1474350
1350
ใ”ๅ”ๅŠ›ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:35
That is very considerate of you.
497
1475700
2673
ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
24:39
So do notice the preposition, it's considerate of you.
498
1479790
3983
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้…ๆ…ฎใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
24:46
For me, this is why it's so important,
499
1486140
2280
็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€
24:48
not only to learn words, but to learn the chunk,
500
1488420
4917
ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
24:54
the collocation or the preposition that goes with a word.
501
1494990
5000
ๅ˜่ชžใซไป˜้šใ™ใ‚‹ๅกŠใ€้€ฃ่ชžใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
25:00
Sometimes we say the grammar of the word, right?
502
1500210
2850
ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
25:03
Considerate of.
503
1503060
1530
้…ๆ…ฎใ—ใฆใ€‚
25:04
It's very considerate of you.
504
1504590
2313
ใจใฆใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใชๅฏพๅฟœใงใ™ใญใ€‚
25:09
Are you considerate?
505
1509690
1530
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:11
Are you a considerate person?
506
1511220
2580
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:13
Hmm, good question.
507
1513800
2313
ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
25:17
Okay, good.
508
1517460
1860
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:19
So lots of vocabulary.
509
1519320
2730
ใชใฎใง่ชžๅฝ™ใŒ่ฑŠๅฏŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ
25:22
We're gonna move on.
510
1522050
1637
ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
25:23
(upbeat music)
511
1523687
2583
(้™ฝๆฐ—ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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