SATURDAY \ ENGLISH ADDICT - ๐Ÿ”ดLIVE STREAM / Learn - Listen + CHAT - 24th Feb 2024

2,042 views ใƒป 2024-02-25

English Addict with Mr Duncan


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

03:20
This is very unusual indeed.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซ้žๅธธใซ็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
What is going on?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹๏ผŸ
03:25
Well, first of all, I will show you out of the window.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใฏ็ช“ใฎๅค–ใ‚’ใ”ๆกˆๅ†…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
Look at the view today, looking towards Shrewsbury three.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒซใƒผใ‚บใƒ™ใƒชใƒผ 3 ๆ–นๅ‘ใฎๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:34
There it is. It's a lovely sunny day.
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ใใ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ™ดใ‚ŒใŸๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
And guess what?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:38
There is even more than the beautiful weather
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03:41
because we are now live here on YouTube.
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็งใŸใกใฏไปŠใ“ใ“ YouTube ใงใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:44
And yes, it is Saturday.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
And I am coming to you live from the birthplace of the English language,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใ€
03:50
which just happens to be, you know, where it is.
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ใคใพใ‚ŠใŸใพใŸใพใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็”Ÿใง็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
It's England.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:08
We are back together again and it is a little bit unusual.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ†ใณไธ€็ท’ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
Before anyone panics, it isn't Sunday.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:17
Don't worry, it's Saturday.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
04:20
Hi, everybody. This is Mr.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ
04:22
Duncan in England. How are you today?
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:25
Are you okay? I hope so.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
04:27
Are you happy?
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ๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:29
I hope you are feeling happy today. I'm not too bad.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅนธใ›ใชๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใง้Žใ”ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๆ‚ชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:32
I think I've been talking too much over the past couple of days
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ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใŽใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ€
04:36
and my voice is a little bit sore, to say the least.
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ๆŽงใˆใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฃฐใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็—›ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:41
But I will carry on.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:43
I am a trooper.
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็งใฏๅ…ตๅฃซใงใ™ใ€‚
04:47
That is a great expression that we use in English.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟใ†็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
04:50
If a person continues despite the fact
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€
04:54
that they might feel unwell, maybe they are under the weather,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€
04:59
maybe they have a cold or something is making them feel unhappy.
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้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ไธๅฟซใซใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:04
They carry on.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
They are a trooper,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒˆใƒซใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:08
just like a soldier marching forth
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05:12
across the front line towards the enemy.
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ๆ•ตใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅ‰็ทšใ‚’ๆจชๅˆ‡ใฃใฆ่กŒ้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ตๅฃซใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
Hello there.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
05:17
It's nice to see you here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:18
My name is Duncan.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
I talk about English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
You might say I am an English addict.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’ใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:23
And today we are here.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
I'm doing some extra life streams this month.
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ไปŠๆœˆใฏ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ
05:30
And the reason is because February is a short month.
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็†็”ฑใฏใ€2ๆœˆใŒ็Ÿญใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:35
So I think we have 29 days this month.
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ไปŠๆœˆใฏ29ๆ—ฅใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
But of course, we still lose
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
05:42
two days.
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2 ๆ—ฅใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:44
So for the average month it is 31 days.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅนณๅ‡็š„ใชๆœˆใฏ 31 ๆ—ฅใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
So I thought it would be fun to do some extra livestreams
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€
05:53
and that is what you are watching right now.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
So I'm with you on Saturday. There is no Mr. Steve.
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ใใ‚ŒใงๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:01
I have a good reason for that, because Steve
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€
06:04
this afternoon is appearing
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใŒ
06:07
in the matinee of the show he is doing.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‹็•ช็ต„ใฎใƒžใƒใƒใซๅ‡บๆผ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
I went along to see it last night.
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ๆ˜จๅคœใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:15
So here is Mr. Steve.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:17
I will show you what I saw last night.
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ๆ˜จๅคœ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
There it is.
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ใใ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:21
So there is Steve singing with his company,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไผš็คพใงๆญŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
06:28
not his company, as in his work company,
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ใ€ๅฝผใฎ่ทๅ ดใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไผš็คพใงใฏใชใใ€
06:31
but a group of people who come together to sing and perform.
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ๆญŒใฃใŸใ‚Šๆผ”ๅฅใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้›†ใพใฃใŸไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:36
So Mr.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€
06:37
Steve, last night was appearing in the Gondoliers.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆ˜จๆ™ฉใฏใ‚ดใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฉใฎ่ˆน้ ญใŸใกใซๅ‡บๆผ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:40
Unfortunately, I can't let you hear the sound
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰่‘—ไฝœๆจฉใฎๅ•้กŒใง้Ÿณๅฃฐใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
06:45
because of copyright problems.
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ใ€‚
06:48
So there might be some issues with copyright.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่‘—ไฝœๆจฉไธŠใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›
06:51
Even though Gilbert and Sullivan, who actually wrote the Gondoliers.
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ใซใ€Žใ‚ดใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฉใฎ่ˆน้ ญใŸใกใ€ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ฎใƒซใƒใƒผใƒˆใจใ‚ตใƒชใƒใƒณใ ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใซใ€‚ ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰
06:58
It's been out of copyright
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่‘—ไฝœๆจฉใŒๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:00
for many years, but of course sometimes the license for music
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ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“้Ÿณๆฅฝใฎใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ
07:05
can continue for much longer, so I'm not going to risk it.
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้•ทใ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฑ้™บใ‚’ๅ†’ใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:11
I'm not taking a risk.
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็งใฏใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฒ ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:13
But there is Mr.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
07:14
Steve singing in his rather nice red cummerbund.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ๆฐใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ด ๆ•ตใช่ตคใ„ใ‚ซใƒžใƒผใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’็€ใฆๆญŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่…ฐใซ
07:21
The thing that goes around
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ๅทปใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
07:23
his waist is called a cummerbund,
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ใ‚ซใƒžใƒผใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–
07:27
and I think I'm not sure which song Mr.
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ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใใ“ใงใฉใฎๆ›ฒใ‚’
07:30
Steve is singing there, but that that is what he was doing last night.
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ๆญŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๆ˜จๅคœๅฝผใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:35
And I was there in the audience watching him sing his little heart out.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ่ฆณๅฎขใฎไธญใงใ€ ๅฝผใŒๅฐใ•ใชๅฟƒใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆๆญŒใ†ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:40
And I have to say, it was good fun,
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07:43
even though there were some people there who had decided
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07:47
to set up some microphones and speakers.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใ„ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:51
And unfortunately, sometimes the sound
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ใใ—ใฆๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใ“ใจใซใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒ
07:54
went a little bit wrong.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—้–“้•ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:57
There was a little bit of something we call feedback,
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:01
which is where the microphone picks up
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08:04
the sound coming out of the speaker.
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใŒๆ‹พใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:07
And what happens is you have something called a feedback loop.
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ใใ—ใฆไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:13
It continues forever and ever.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐธ้ ใซๆฐธ้ ใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
But not just that.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:18
The sound also increases until all you have
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้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซ
08:22
is a very loud squeal
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ๅคงใใชใ‚ญใƒผใ‚ญใƒผ้Ÿณ
08:25
or screech feedback.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚ญใƒผ้Ÿณใ ใ‘ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
It is something you should always avoid having.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
If you are recording something live, maybe you have some speakers
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้Œฒ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
08:38
and also some microphones.
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ใ€‚
08:40
You have to be very careful not to get feedback.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
It can be rather nasty.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๅŽ„ไป‹ใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:48
So that's what Steve is doing today.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:51
But don't worry, I am with you tomorrow as well.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚
08:55
So it is a full weekend of English addict,
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ ใ‘ใงใชใๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžๆผฌใ‘ใฎ้€ฑๆœซใงใ™
08:58
not just today, but also tomorrow as well.
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ใ€‚
09:02
So don't panic.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:03
I am with you tomorrow, as will Mr.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ็งใจใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใจไธ€็ท’ใงใ™
09:06
Steve.
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ใ€‚
09:07
So Steve will be here tomorrow.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
09:10
I just want to stress that just so there are no confusions
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ๆททไนฑ
09:15
or misunderstandings, I will be here tomorrow as well.
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ใ‚„่ชค่งฃใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
We are looking at opposite today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
And I thought it's an interesting subject because in English quite often
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ
09:27
we will express things in positive ways or negative ways.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:33
Sometimes you can use words
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
09:36
both positively and negatively,
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ใ€
09:40
sometimes by using other words in the sentence,
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ๆ–‡ไธญใงๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:45
but also by the way, you say things intonation.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
So the way in which you say something can also change the meaning
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚„ไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:57
or the way in which a particular word in English is being used.
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ใ€‚ ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
10:03
I have to say it does feel weird being here on Saturday.
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ๅค‰ใชๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:08
It's a very strange feeling.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ไธๆ€่ญฐใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใงใ™ใ€‚
10:10
I think it's been a long time since I was with you on Saturday,
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใŸใฎใฏไน…ใ—ใถใ‚Šใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:15
but of
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10:15
course tomorrow I'm back with you as well, so don't panic.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ๆ…Œใฆใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:19
I want to say again, there is a live stream tomorrow 2 p.m.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ2ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
UK time Sunday as usual.
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝๆ™‚้–“ใงใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€‚
10:29
By the way, if you like this, please give me a lovely
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:32
like and I will be ever so happy.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:37
So if you like this, give me a lovely firm
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒใƒชใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
10:40
and I will go to sleep tonight
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ไปŠๅคœใฏ็ฌ‘้ก”ใง็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:44
with a smile on my face.
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ใ€‚
10:48
Because you like what I'm doing
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ใ ใฃใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:52
ever so nice.
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ใ€‚
10:54
Just before my live stream began on my iPad,
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iPad ใงใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹็›ดๅ‰ใซใ€
11:00
there was a little commercial that played,
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ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ณใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใŒๆตใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚YouTube ใงใฏ
11:03
and sometimes you can have different types
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กž
11:06
of advertisement on YouTube.
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ใฎๅบƒๅ‘ŠใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:09
And I have to say
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
11:12
the one that was on just before I started
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็งใŒๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹็›ดๅ‰ใซๆ”พ้€ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
11:15
was all about quite, quite a big subject,
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคงใใชใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
11:20
something that can happen when you get to a certain age.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใฎๅนด้ฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใจ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:26
I do believe
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็งใฏ
11:29
that this particular thing does exist.
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ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:34
We often talk about different types of prejudice.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:39
When we talk about prejudice, we mean a prejudgement of a person
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ๅ่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๅ€‹ไบบ
11:46
or group or a particular thing.
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ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:50
You are judging something without knowing anything
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎไบบใ‚„ใใฎ็‰ฉไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
11:54
about that person or that thing.
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ใ€‚
11:58
Prejudice can
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ๅ่ฆ‹ใซใฏ
12:00
come in all shapes and sizes.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฝขใ‚„ๅคงใใ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:04
Maybe a person's race, their skin colour,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไบบใฎไบบ็จฎใ€่‚Œใฎ่‰ฒใ€ๅ‡บ่บซๅ›ฝใฎ
12:09
maybe a particular part of the country that they come from.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:13
So we even here in the UK, within the UK,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝใซใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใ€
12:18
because the UK is made up of different parts,
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅœฐๅŸŸใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
12:23
we have England, Scotland, Wales
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒซใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
12:26
and you might find that there are different ways
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹
12:29
of speaking, different accents and sometimes it is possible
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่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:34
to have prejudice, prejudice against a way someone speaks
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ๅ่ฆ‹ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–น
12:41
or the sound of their voice, or may be where they come from.
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ใ‚„ๅฃฐใฎ้Ÿณใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎไบบใฎๅ‡บ่บซๅœฐใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅ่ฆ‹ใ€‚
12:44
So quite often you might find that there is a sort of divide
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅŒ—ใจๅ—ใฎ้–“ใซ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๅˆ†ๆ–ญใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:50
between the North and the South.
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ใ€‚
12:53
Quite often the South will be the more prosperous area,
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ—้ƒจใฎใปใ†ใŒ่ฃ•็ฆใชๅœฐๅŸŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
12:59
or at least it will appear to be prosperous or better.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚่ฃ•็ฆใ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:06
But in
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€
13:07
reality of course there is good and bad all over the place.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:11
So quite often prejudice is a thing that can get in the way.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅ่ฆ‹ใŒ้‚ช้ญ”ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
13:16
It can block
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13:18
the way a person thinks about other things and other people.
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ไบบใŒไป–ใฎ็‰ฉไบ‹ ใ‚„ไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:23
Another type of prejudice is ageism.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใฏๅนด้ฝขๅทฎๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
13:29
A person's age age.
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ไบบใฎๅนด้ฝขๅนด้ฝขใ€‚
13:31
So maybe when you are young, you feel as if you have the world at your feet.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏ ไธ–็•ŒใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ถณๅ…ƒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:36
Everything is there for the taking when you are young,
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่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏใ™ในใฆใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
13:43
the summers seem to last forever.
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ๅคใฏๆฐธ้ ใซ็ถšใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:46
The years go by so slowly
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ๅนดๆœˆใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ้ŽใŽใฆใ„ใใฎใงใ€
13:49
and it feels as if you will be young forever.
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ใ„ใคใพใงใ‚‚่‹ฅใ„ใพใพใงใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:53
And quite often the attitude of a person who is much younger
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅนดไธ‹ใ€
13:57
or very young towards older people
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ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ่‹ฅใ„ไบบใฎๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ…‹ๅบฆใฏ
14:02
might be negative.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:03
A certain type of prejudice, younger people
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใ€่‹ฅ่€…ใฏ
14:07
feeling that older people are useless or have no worth.
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ๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:13
And it does happen.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:15
And I think generally, quite often in society
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€็คพไผšใงใฏ
14:19
there is a definite divide between young and old,
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่‹ฅ่€…ใจ่€ไบบใฎ้–“ใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใชๆบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
14:24
especially with the attitude
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็‰นใซ
14:28
between young people and older people.
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่‹ฅ่€…ใจ่€ไบบใฎ้–“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใซ้ก•่‘—ใชๆบใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:32
But of course you can also have the opposite
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใฎ้€†ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
14:35
where older people, people who are older
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ๅนด้…ใฎไบบใŒ
14:39
might also have prejudice against younger people.
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่‹ฅใ„ไบบใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:43
So I'm not saying that it only works one way.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใซใ—ใ‹ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:46
It can work both ways.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:49
Both ways.
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ไธกๆ–นใ€‚
14:50
But I think ageism is a problem in society.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅนด้ฝขๅทฎๅˆฅใฏ็คพไผšใฎๅ•้กŒใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:55
We often see people over a certain age as having very little value,
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅนด้ฝขใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใŸไบบใ€…ใซใฏ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
15:01
which I do not agree with.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:06
Everyone has some sort of value in life,
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒไบบ็”Ÿใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
15:10
but I think there is a type of prejudice that can happen
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ใŒใ€่‹ฅ่€…ใฎ้–“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎ ใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
15:16
between young people.
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ใ€‚
15:18
And when I say young, I don't mean teenagers,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ่‹ฅใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅฑžใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅไปฃใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
15:22
although they are in that group.
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ใ€‚
15:25
I mean people in their twenties
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€20ไปฃ
15:28
or thirties or even in their forties.
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ใ€30ไปฃใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ40ไปฃใฎไบบใŸใกใงใ™ใ€‚
15:31
They might look
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€
15:34
at people who are much older than them as being
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ€…ใ‚’
15:38
second class citizens, or maybe not as valuable.
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ไบŒ็ดšๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:43
But I think everyone has some sort of value.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€่ชฐใ—ใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:46
And of course these days, because people are living longer
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใฏ ไบบใ€…ใฎๅฏฟๅ‘ฝใŒๅปถใณใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
15:50
and now we look at old age
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็งใŸใกใฏ่€ๅพŒใ‚’
15:54
in many ways as being a little bit more positive.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ๅ‘ใใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜”ใฏ
15:58
So we used to say that life begins at 40,
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฏ40ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
16:03
but nowadays a lot of people are finding
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ใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏ
16:06
because our life span is much longer,
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ๅฏฟๅ‘ฝใŒใšใฃใจ้•ทใใชใ‚Šใ€
16:11
people are enjoying life for longer as well.
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ไบบ็”Ÿใ‚‚้•ทใๆฅฝใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใจๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:16
So these days instead of saying life begins at 40,
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใฏใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฏ40ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€
16:21
a lot of people are saying
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16:23
life begins at 60
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฏ60ๆญณ
16:27
or 65 or even 70.
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ใ€65ๆญณใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ70ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
16:31
There are many people there are many people around the world having adventures,
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ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œไธญใซใฏๅ†’้™บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€
16:36
people who are much older than me, ten,
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็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ€10ๆญณใฎไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ,
16:39
15, or even 20 years older than me.
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็งใ‚ˆใ‚Š15ๆญณใ€ใ„ใ‚„20ๆญณใ‚‚ๅนดไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
16:42
And they are having all sorts of adventures.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๅ†’้™บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:46
A friend of mine looks travelling
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็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏๆ—…่กŒๅฅฝใใงใ€
16:49
and he is in his early eighties
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80ไปฃๅ‰ๅŠใงใ™ใ€‚
16:54
and he will often go off on a lovely holiday
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ˆใ็ด ๆ•ตใชไผ‘ๆš‡ใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ€
16:58
or go travelling to different parts of the world and have adventures
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ไธ–็•Œใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๅ†’้™บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:02
and he is in his early eighties.
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ๅฝผใฏ80ไปฃๅ‰ๅŠใงใ™ใ€‚
17:06
So you see it doesn't necessarily mean
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
17:09
just because you are old, you have no value or your life is over.
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ใŒๅนดใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”ŸใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:12
It is not,
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ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏ
17:16
it isn't.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:17
But there might be situations where some people will look.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:22
They will have a certain type of prejudice
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŠฑใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
17:24
against those who are much older.
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ใ€‚
17:29
So that is the commercial, the the campaign
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ€
17:33
which is running at the moment here in the UK.
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ใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝใง็พๅœจ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:38
The governments sometimes do this.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:40
They will bring forward certain types of campaign to try and make people
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ไบบใ€…ใซ
17:45
more aware of certain issues.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใŠใ†ใจใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆŽจ้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:49
And I think this is a very important one to be honest.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:52
So I feel actually is it is a good thing to focus on
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฅ่€…ใจ่€ไบบใฎ้–“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจ็งใฏๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™
17:58
to talk about the attitude between young and old.
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ใ€‚
18:03
But of course there are many other prejudices which occur in life.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใซใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:09
Maybe the divide between those who have a lot of money or are wealthy
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ ใ‚„่ฃ•็ฆใชไบบ
18:14
and those who don't like me.
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ใจใ€็งใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใฎ้–“ใซๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:19
So you see,
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ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€
18:21
I come from a very modest family.
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็งใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ณช็ด ใชๅฎถๆ—ใฎๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใ€‚
18:25
Very modest.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŽงใˆใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:27
We lived in a council house.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ…ฌๅ–ถไฝๅฎ…ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:31
We didn't have much money.
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็งใŸใกใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:32
My mother and father had to both work.
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็งใฎๆฏใจ็ˆถใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅƒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:35
Despite the fact that my mother was disabled, she still had to go out to work
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ๆฏใฏ้šœๅฎณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใซใ‚‚้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
18:40
because of the family.
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ๅฎถๆ—ใฎ็‚บใซๅค–ใงๅƒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
18:43
We had to.
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ใ€‚ ๅฎถๆ—ใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒ 3 ไบบใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
18:44
We had to make sure all my parents had to make sure that there was enough money
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ไธก่ฆชๅ…จๅ“กใซๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
18:50
because there were three kids in the family.
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ใ€‚
18:54
So you can see
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธ‹ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝ
18:56
that there might be instances or situations
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ๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚„็ŠถๆณใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
18:59
where someone might look down upon a certain group.
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ใ€‚
19:05
And that happened at school.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๅญฆๆ กใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:07
So when I was at school, because I lived
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏๅธ‚่ญฐไผšใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใฎใง
19:09
in the council house, we didn't have our own house.
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฎถใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:13
My father didn't have a car,
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็ˆถใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ—ใ€
19:16
we didn't even have a colour television
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19:19
until about 1983,
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1983ๅนด้ ƒใพใงใฏใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ—ใ€
19:22
and everyone else had had one for years.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใฏ็š†ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:25
So sometimes people would make fun of me at school because I lived in the council house,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ ๅธ‚่ญฐไผš่ญฐไบ‹ๅ ‚ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
19:31
so we had to pay rent to the council and my parents both worked
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ๅธ‚่ญฐไผšใซๅฎถ่ณƒใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ—ใ€ ไธก่ฆชใฏๅ…ฑๅƒใใงใ€
19:36
and we certainly were not wealthy.
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ๆฑบใ—ใฆ่ฃ•็ฆใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅญฆๆ กใงไบบใ€…ใŒ็งใ‚’ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:40
But I do know from my own experience
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ง่‡ช่บซใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
19:42
that there was a certain type of prejudice,
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19:47
especially between kids, teenagers and kids.
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็‰นใซๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ€ๅไปฃใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใŸใกใจๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎ้–“ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:51
Children can be quite mean
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ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ„ๅœฐๆ‚ชใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
19:54
and sometimes they don't realise
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ใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆ„ๅœฐๆ‚ชใงๆ„ๅœฐๆ‚ชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
19:57
how mean or nasty they are being.
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ใ€‚
20:01
So it does happen from time to time.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚ใ€…่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:04
Children can be cruel, but also people
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ๅญไพ›ใฏๆฎ‹้…ทใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
20:07
who are much older can be cruel as well
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ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ‚‚
20:10
in many different ways.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅŒๆง˜ใซๆฎ‹้…ทใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:15
Today we are looking at opposites,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅๅฏพใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€
20:18
opposite words, opposite meanings,
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ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€
20:21
the way of expressing opposites.
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ๅๅฏพใฎ่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:24
When we go one way, we might decide to go the opposite way.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅๅฏพๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
20:29
It happens physically.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:31
We can go one way and then go the other way.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:34
We are going the opposite way.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅๅฏพๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:37
Of course, when we are communicating in English, the same thing can happen.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:43
We can use words that mean one thing,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
20:47
but we can also use words that mean the opposite of that particular thing.
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ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใจใฏๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:53
In fact, is what we are talking about today.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
20:57
I suppose I should say hello to the live chat.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใซๆŒจๆ‹ถใ™ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:59
Hello to the live chat. Nice to see you here.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใธใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:03
We have
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21:05
who else is here today besides Vitesse?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปไปฅๅค–ใซ่ชฐใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:07
Vitesse, by the way, congratulations.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:10
You are first once again, everyone wants to know
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธ€็•ชใงใ™ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใฏ
21:15
what is your secret?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:25
What is your secret?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:28
Vitesse, Please tell us what it means.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:32
Also, we have. of course.
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ใพใŸใ€็งใŸใกใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:35
Louis Mendez
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21:38
is here today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒซใ‚คใƒปใƒกใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚นใŒๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:39
Hello, Lewis.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒซใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฏๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒ
21:40
I hope you are feeling better today because I know you are under the weather last week.
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ๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
21:46
I hope you are feeling much better.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒใšใฃใจ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:48
We have Aziz Aziz.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚บใƒปใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚บใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:51
Hello, Aziz Aziz, nice to see you here as well.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚บใƒปใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚บใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:55
Hello to you, pal.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็›ธๆฃ’ใ€‚
21:56
Mirror Rehab is here as well.
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ใƒŸใƒฉใƒผใƒชใƒใƒ“ใƒชใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:01
We also have Beatriz.
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ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚
22:03
Hello, Beatriz is tomorrow.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
22:06
Beatriz is going to the mountains high up.
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ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ๅฑฑใธ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฑฑใฎ
22:12
I would love
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22:14
to see some photographs
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ๅ†™็œŸใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™
22:17
of the mountains.
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ใ€‚
22:18
So I think in the past you have sent some to me.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ็งใซใ„ใใคใ‹้€ใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:22
But I would love to see you. Maybe not.
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ใงใ‚‚ใœใฒใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
22:24
Not many. Just a couple of photographs.
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ๅคšใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ•ฐๆžšใ ใ‘ใ€‚
22:28
And if you send them, I might show them on the next
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้€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‹ๆฅ้€ฑใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใงใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
22:30
live stream tomorrow or next week.
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ใ€‚
22:34
But we we all want to see the mountains that you keep going to.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฑฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:39
So can we have a look at them?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚
22:41
Thank you very much.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:43
That would be ever so nice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:46
Hello to who else is here today?
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไป–ใซ่ชฐใŒๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:50
I said hello to rehab.
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ใƒชใƒใƒ“ใƒชใซใ”ๆŒจๆ‹ถใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:53
I said hello to Vitesse because you are first on today's live chat.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใชใฎใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใซๆŒจๆ‹ถใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:58
Isn't that nice?
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็ด ๆ•ตใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:00
Nick Hill is here.
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ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใƒ’ใƒซใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:02
Nick Hill Patil is here.
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ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใƒ’ใƒซใƒปใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒซใŒ็™ปๅ ดใ€‚
23:04
Hello to you.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
23:05
I don't recognise your name.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:07
Is it your first time?
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:09
If it is your first time, please let me know on the live chat.
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:14
A lot of people ask Mr.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ
23:16
Duncan, Do you ever run out?
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ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณๆฐใซใ€Œ่ถณใ‚Šใชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
23:18
Do you ever have
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23:22
nothing to say or talk about?
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่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚„่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†่ฉฑใ™่ฉฑ้กŒใŒใชใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†
23:25
Do you ever find yourself in a situation where you
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็Šถๆณใซ้™ฅใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
23:28
you have no no more subjects to talk about?
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?
23:32
I was asked this question last week, actually, when I met up with some friends.
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ๅฎŸใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใŸใกใจไผšใฃใŸใจใใซใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:37
One of them asked Mr.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไธ€ไบบใŒใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณๆฐใซใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฐฝใใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ
23:39
Duncan, Do you ever run out of ideas and my answer to
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ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œ
23:42
that is no, I don't think I've ever
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
23:46
run out of ideas, ever.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฐฝใใŸใ“ใจใฏไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:49
There is always something new that
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒ
23:52
pops up in my head.
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้ ญใฎไธญใซๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:54
And of course, sometimes you have to repeat things.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:57
So maybe sometimes it is necessary
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€
24:00
to repeat certain subjects.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:03
But I have to be honest with you.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:07
Quite often
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24:09
there is always a new idea that pops up in my head.
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ๅธธใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ้ ญใฎไธญใซๆตฎใ‹ใถใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:15
So no, I don't.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:17
I don't ever I never, in fact
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
24:20
run out of things to say on the live chat.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:24
I don't think it's ever really happened to me.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:28
Can I just show you the view outside again?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅค–ใฎๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:31
my goodness. What a beautiful day.
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ใชใ‚“ใจใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
24:34
So there it is.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:35
We are looking out towards Shrewsbury,
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒซใƒผใ‚บใƒ™ใƒชใƒผๆ–น้ขใ€
24:38
looking out towards the the town centre.
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็”บใฎไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‚’็œบใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:42
And you can see there are lots of things there.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ“ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:45
There is a large cathedral, I think it's a large church and also another smaller church.
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ๅคงใใชๅคง่–ๅ ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชๆ•™ไผšใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๅฐใ•ใชๆ•™ไผšใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:51
And you can see also those white things
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
24:55
towards the
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24:56
top of the screen going across from left to right.
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็”ป้ขใฎไธŠ้ƒจใซใ‚ใ‚‹็™ฝใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅทฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅณใซๆจชๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
25:00
You can see them, they are actually caravans.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใƒใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
25:04
Now I believe that is a place
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
25:07
that that actually sells caravans near Shrewsbury.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒซใƒผใ‚บใƒ™ใƒชใƒผใฎ่ฟ‘ใใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใƒใƒณใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:13
So the view that you can see out the window now, not right now
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ช“ใฎๅค–ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใฏ ใ€ไปŠใงใฏใชใใ€
25:17
is actually about 17 miles away.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็ด„ 27 ใƒžใ‚คใƒซ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:20
So you're actually looking 17 miles away into the distance.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 17 ใƒžใ‚คใƒซๅ…ˆใฎ้ ใใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
25:25
And the weather today is absolutely incredible, even though this morning
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ ไปŠๆœ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ
25:31
we woke up to a freezing frost.
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ๅ‡ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้œœใŒ้™ใ‚Šใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:35
It was cold this morning.
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ไปŠๆœใฏๅฏ’ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
25:40
Don't worry, Beatrice, When you can send
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใ€ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’้€ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰
25:45
some photographs, please send some.
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ใ€ใœใฒ้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:47
But don't worry, there is no rush.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:49
I'm not going anywhere.
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ไฟบใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใ‹ใญใˆใ€‚
25:50
I will be here tomorrow. I'll be here next Wednesday.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
25:54
And I'll be here next Tuesday.
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ใใ—ใฆๆฅ้€ฑใฎ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
25:56
Sorry. Next Saturday or Sunday.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‹ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€‚
25:58
So I'm getting confused now.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏไปŠๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:00
You see what happens whenever you do something different.
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ไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:05
It messes around with your brain.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:07
What city is that?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ“ใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใ™ใ‹?
26:10
That is Shrewsbury.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒซใƒผใ‚บใƒ™ใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
26:12
It is actually a large town.
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ๅฎŸใฏๅคงใใช็”บใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:15
It is not a city, but in fact it is a town.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็”บใงใ™ใ€‚
26:20
And that is the nearest town
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใ„็”บใงใ™
26:26
to me. I will show it.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:27
Show it again. Where is it? You are? There it is.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
26:30
Yes, there it is.
384
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:31
So that is looking out the window towards a place called Shrewsbury.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ช“ใฎๅค–ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒซใƒผใ‚บใƒ™ใƒชใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’็œบใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:36
You can see I have also written the name on the screen
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็”ป้ขใซใ‚‚ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
26:40
and it is around 17 miles away,
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็ด„ 27 ใƒžใ‚คใƒซ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ“ใพใง่กŒใใฎใซ
26:45
so it takes around about 40,
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็ด„ 40 ๅˆ†ใ€
26:48
maybe 40, 35 or 40 minutes
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 40 ๅˆ†ใ€35 ๅˆ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 40 ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
26:52
to get from here to there.
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ใ€‚
26:55
It is a long way off.
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้ ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
26:59
Hello?
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26:59
Hee hee.
393
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1518
ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผŸ
ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ’ใ€‚
27:01
Hugh Yen Trem, hello to you.
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ใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใƒปใ‚คใ‚งใƒณใƒปใƒˆใƒฌใƒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
27:05
I'm sorry, I couldn't pronounce your name.
395
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:09
Mavis, there's Laura.
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ใƒกใ‚คใƒ“ใ‚นใ€ใƒญใƒผใƒฉใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚
27:11
Hello. Also to Angela's.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ธใ‚งใƒฉใ•ใ‚“ใซใ‚‚ใ€‚
27:13
Hello.
398
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1085
ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
27:14
I am in my store working at the moment.
399
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3770
็งใฏ็พๅœจๅบ—่ˆ—ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:18
I would imagine a lot of people are working at the moment,
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็พๅœจใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†
27:22
so we might not have many people with us today live,
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ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
27:26
but that's all right, because you can always watch this again.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€‚
27:31
Next time.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใ€‚
27:32
You can watch it as many times as you want as well.
404
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใงใ‚‚่ฆ–่ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
27:39
Hello also to Josep.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ปใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
27:42
Sola, hello to you as well.
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ใ‚ฝใƒฉใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
27:45
Nice to see so many people joining.
407
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:47
Nick Hill Patil is also here today joining us on the live chat.
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Nick Hill Patil ใ‚‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใ€ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:53
A quick break and then we are talking about an interesting subject.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใฆ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:57
We are looking at opposites, ways of expressing
410
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็งใŸใกใฏๅๅฏพใฎใ“ใจใ€ๅๅฏพใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€
28:01
opposites in the English language
411
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28:04
and of course, the way in which we can say things
412
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ใใ—ใฆ
28:09
to give opposite meanings as well.
413
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซใ‚‚ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:13
All of that coming up in a moment.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒใ™ใใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:15
Don't go away.
415
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2002
้›ขใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:43
I'm a big boy now.
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็งใฏไปŠใงใฏๅคงใใช็”ทใฎๅญใงใ™ใ€‚
31:21
English addict is here
417
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่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’่€…ใฏ
31:24
with you on a Saturday,
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™
31:29
Saturday.
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ใ€‚
31:31
WATTS I'm here on Saturday.
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ใƒฏใƒƒใƒ„ใ€ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:34
It's true, because this month is shorter.
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ไปŠๆœˆใฏ็Ÿญใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:38
I thought it would be nice to do some extra live streams,
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่กŒใ†ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:41
and this is one of them right now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
31:45
I hope you are having a good Saturday.
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่‰ฏใ„ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:47
And of course, I should mention I will be back with you tomorrow as well from 2 p.m.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๅˆๅพŒ 2 ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใŸไผบใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:52
UK. Time is when I'm back with you tomorrow.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใพใŸใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
31:57
Today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€‚
31:58
Meanwhile, on this live stream
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใงใฏใ€
32:01
we are looking at using opposite words.
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ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:06
When we talk about opposite words, we mean words that are the reverse or
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็งใŸใกใŒๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€†ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
32:12
as the name suggests,
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ๅๅ‰ใŒ็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
32:14
opposite, but things that go the other way.
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ๅๅฏพใงใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€้€†ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:18
So we often talk about direction.
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใŸใกใฏๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:21
Maybe one person is going that way and the other person is going that way.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธ€ไบบใŒใใฃใกใซ่กŒใ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบใŒใใฃใกใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:27
We can say they are going in opposite directions.
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ไธก่€…ใฏ้€†ใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
32:31
The same thing is true with English words.
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่‹ฑๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
32:36
There are words that can go one way and of course there are words
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ไธ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
32:40
that express the opposite meaning.
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ๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจใ™่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
32:44
We will look at some of them.
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
32:45
I'm sure you can think of quite a few as well by your self.
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ใใฃใจใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
32:50
I think so.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:52
So in the live chat today, we have lots of people joining in.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:56
Thank you for spending your Saturday with me.
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎš็พฉใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๅฟ…ใšๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
32:59
It's ever so nice to see you here
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™
33:02
for every defining word there is quite often an opposite.
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ใ€‚
33:07
So quite often, very often
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
33:11
even that word has an opposite.
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๅๅฏพใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:14
For example, the opposite of often is
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ใฎๅๅฏพใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใซใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
33:19
seldom
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33:21
opposite of often is seldom something that happens often
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้ ป็นใซใ€ใฎๅๅฏพใฏใ€ ้ ป็นใซ
33:27
and something that happens seldom, almost never.
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่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใชใใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
33:33
So there straight away, a very good example of opposite words.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใ€ ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:38
An opposite word is often referred to as an antonym.
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ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅๆ„่ชžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:43
An antonym is an opposite.
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ๅฏพ็พฉ่ชžใฏๅๅฏพใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
33:46
It is the opposite.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎ้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:47
So when we say anti, we are literally saying opposite
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ขใƒณใƒใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
33:52
an opposite word.
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ใ€‚
33:56
Of course, if a word has a similar meaning,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใ‚’
33:58
we can call it a synonym.
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ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
34:01
The word antonym derives from Greek
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ๅๆ„่ชžใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใ€
34:04
and literally means against name.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€Œๅๅ‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
34:09
So you are having an anti name.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ขใƒณใƒๅใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
34:13
It is against that thing
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34:17
up becomes down,
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ไธŠใŒไธ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€
34:20
up and down are antonyms.
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ไธŠใจไธ‹ใฏๅฏพ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
34:24
They are opposites.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
34:26
So that is the reason why we express it in that particular way.
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ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
34:31
Common opposite words will often express either a positive or a negative meaning.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:36
This is true common opposite words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:41
So you can have words that mean something positive
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
34:44
and something that means something negative.
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ใ€‚ ่กจ็พใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€
34:47
Quite often there are words that can take you in a good direction
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่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ
34:51
or a bad direction, depending
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ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ–นๅ‘ใซใ‚‚้€ฒใ‚€่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
34:55
on what it is you are trying to express.
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ใ€‚
34:59
And that is why opposite words
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰
35:02
are quite interesting when we talk about them.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
35:06
Not all opposite words are necessarily good or bad.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅๅฏพ่ชžใŒๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:09
Their definitions depend on the situation.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฎš็พฉใฏ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:12
So as I just said, a word that you want to use
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
35:16
to express something positive, then of course you will use a positive word.
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:21
Sometimes you might have to go the opposite of that positive word
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่จ€่‘‰ใจใฏ้€†ใซ
35:27
and use a negative word instead,
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
35:31
as we will see later.
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ใ€‚
35:33
It is also possible to use the way you say something
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
35:38
to express opposites.
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ๅๅฏพใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
35:42
As I just said, down is the opposite of up,
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใฎๅๅฏพ่ชžใงใ™
35:45
but it is not always used as a negative opposite.
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ใŒใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅๅฏพ่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:50
So there are ways of using those words in sentence says,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ–‡ไธญใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
35:54
but they are not necessarily bad.
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ใŒใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚จใŒ
36:01
There is a fly buzzing around annoyingly,
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ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ้ฃ›ใณๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
36:06
that is a very negative thing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
36:10
So here are some examples.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:12
For example, you might go down to the shops,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
36:17
so that's not necessarily a negative thing,
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช
36:21
even though we can use it as a negative thing.
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ใ“ใจใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:27
We often see down, down as being negative.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ใˆใŒใกใงใ™ใ€‚
36:32
But you can also use it to say that you are going in a certain direction.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:37
You might go down to the shops, so you go from one place to another,
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ใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใจใใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ€
36:43
you go down the road, you go down to the shops,
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้“ใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚ŠใฆใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใ€ใคใพใšใ„ใฆ
36:48
you might also trip up and fall.
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่ปขใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:53
So quite often up is used positively.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€up ใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:57
However, in this particular sentence,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡ใ€ไธ€็•ช
37:00
the one you can see at the bottom, it is being used negatively.
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ไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:04
You trip up, you are losing control of yourself, you trip up.
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ใคใพใšใ„ใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใ€ใคใพใšใ„ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
37:11
So quite often we can use words
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
37:13
that appear negative or are often used negative light,
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€
37:18
and we can use them in a positive way.
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:22
And then of course, there are other ways of using those two words.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:26
You might feel down and moody,
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่ฝใก่พผใ‚“ใงไธๆฉŸๅซŒใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ
37:31
so you might often find the word
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37:34
down is used more in a negative way.
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:39
You might feel down and moody,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฝใก่พผใ‚“ใงไธๆฉŸๅซŒใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
37:46
You might pick up your dog,
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็Šฌใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
37:49
you pick up your dog, you are collecting your dog.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Šฌใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Šฌใ‚’ๆ‹พใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:53
Maybe you have to go to the vet because your dog is having something done.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ŠฌใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็ฃๅŒปใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:58
Maybe your your mail dog
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒตไพฟ็ŠฌใŒ
38:04
is having something
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ๆ–ญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
38:08
cut off.
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ใ€‚
38:10
it can happen.
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ๆœ‰ใ‚Šใ†ใ‚‹ใ€‚
38:12
In fact, it does happen.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:15
You might pick up your dog from the vet's.
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็ฃๅŒปใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰็Šฌใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็Šฌใ‚’้‹ใณใŸใ„ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
38:18
You might pick up your dog from the ground
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ๅœฐ้ขใ‹ใ‚‰็Šฌใ‚’ๆŠฑใไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
38:25
because you want to carry your dog.
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ใ€‚
38:28
So it is possible to use down and up
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€down ใจ up ใ‚’้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
38:32
quite often
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38:36
sit and stand,
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38:39
for example, are opposites, but both express
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€sit ใจstand ใฏๅๅฏพใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
38:42
positive and negative meanings in a sentence.
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ๆ–‡ไธญใง่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:46
So we might use the word sit
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅบงใ‚‹ใ€
38:50
and stand negatively and positively.
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ใจใ€Œ็ซ‹ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
38:55
So once again, it does depend on what the situation is.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
39:00
So opposite words do not always reflect a positive or negative
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ๅธธใซ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
39:04
meaning in the same way that is to say opposite words
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ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
39:10
can sometimes change their meaning
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ
39:15
from positive to negative
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39:19
and the other way round
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้€†ใฎๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆจใฆใฏใ€
39:22
down can be direction,
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39:26
as can up, down and up.
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ไธŠใ€ไธ‹ใ€ไธŠใจๅŒๆง˜ใซๆ–นๅ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
39:30
So to be honest with you, neither of those
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
39:33
things are necessarily positive or negative.
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ใ“ใจใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:37
However, they are still opposites.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
39:42
You might move down,
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ไธ‹ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
39:45
you might push down,
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ๆŠผใ—ไธ‹ใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅบงใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธŠใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
39:48
you might sit down, you can move up,
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39:53
you can push up,
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ๆŠผใ—ไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅบงใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
39:56
you can sit up,
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40:01
you can stand up like I do.
547
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็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
40:06
I stand up all the time.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:07
Now, I used to have a chair here in the studio,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใซๆค…ๅญใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
40:11
but these days I often stand up.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
40:14
In fact, that's what I'm doing now.
551
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒไปŠใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
40:16
I always present my live streams standing up.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็ซ‹ใฃใŸใพใพใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:21
So I am standing right now on my feet.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏไปŠใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ถณใง็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:26
Another example is over and under, over, under.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€over and underใ€overใ€under ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:32
They are opposites and can both be used
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚
40:35
either positively or negatively.
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้Žๅ‰ฐใชๆ”ฏๅ‡บใŒใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹
40:39
We can look at an example
557
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
40:42
to overspend is negative.
558
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ใ€‚
40:46
So over in that particular sense
559
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใจใฏใ€
40:50
means you've done something too much, you overspend,
560
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ™ใŽใŸใ€ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใŸใ€
40:56
you have spent too much money.
561
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
40:59
So if a person overspends,
562
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบบใŒๆตช่ฒปใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
41:02
it means they spend too much money.
563
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:05
Maybe they spend all of their money on lots of useless things.
564
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็„ก้ง„ใชใ“ใจใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
41:10
Or maybe if you have a budget,
565
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไบˆ็ฎ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
41:13
a certain amount of money, you spend too much money,
566
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ไธ€ๅฎšใฎ้‡‘้กใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใŸใ‚Šใ€
41:18
you go over that amount, you overspend.
567
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ใใฎ้‡‘้กใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:23
this fly is going to really annoy me.
568
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ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚จใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
41:26
I hate it when a fly is buzzing around me in the studio.
569
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใงใƒใ‚จใŒ็งใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒณใƒ–ใƒณ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
41:31
It is so distracting.
570
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:33
And then of course, you can get over something
571
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
41:36
to get over something means to recover.
572
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ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:40
Maybe you have an illness, you are ill, unwell,
573
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ‚ฃใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๆ‚ชใใ€ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
41:44
but you get over that particular thing.
574
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
41:48
So in that sense it is positive.
575
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
41:52
We are saying that we have recovered.
576
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:55
Maybe you have had a shock, something that has shocked you.
577
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใ€ ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใชๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:00
Eventually you will recover,
578
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใ€
42:02
you will get over that particular thing.
579
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ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
42:08
You recover.
580
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:11
And then we have uses of under
581
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ใใ—ใฆใ€under ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ under
42:13
to under achieve is negative
582
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้”ๆˆใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ€ใƒผ
42:17
a person who under achieve leaves is a person
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ใ‚ขใƒใƒผใƒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹
42:22
who doesn't do as well as they could or should
584
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้™ใ‚Šใฎๆˆๆžœใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
42:28
you under achieve it is a negative.
585
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ขใƒใƒผใƒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:31
And then of course we have the opposite of what we mentioned a few moments ago.
586
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฟฐในใŸใ“ใจใจใฏ้€†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:35
You can underspend.
587
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ๆ”ฏๅ‡บไธ่ถณใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:39
So that means you do not go over the limit.
588
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้™็•Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹้‡‘้กใฎ
42:43
You stay under the limit
589
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ไธŠ้™ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™
42:46
of the amount of money you can spend.
590
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2403
ใ€‚
42:48
You underspend. And
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ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€้ธๆŠžใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซ
42:51
sometimes we have to underspend
592
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ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใ‚’ไธ‹ๅ›žใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
42:54
because we have no choice.
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ใ€‚
42:57
Yes, it is possible for context of a word
594
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅ˜่ชž
43:01
or its opposite, to change from positive to negative.
595
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ใพใŸใฏใใฎๅๅฏพใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
43:07
It is very possible for that to happen and it can happen.
596
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
43:11
Of course, we can alter the emotion of a word by adding
597
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้Ÿณใ‚„ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™
43:14
or changing the sound or the intonation.
598
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5306
ใ€‚
43:21
So this for me is a very interesting part of learning English.
599
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆ ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:26
It is a part of learning English that is fascinating,
600
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่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:31
and that is when we are speaking, when we are talking,
601
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
43:34
sometimes we can express words
602
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2820
43:37
by using certain sounds,
603
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใ
43:41
and quite often the sound that we use can show
604
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4888
ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้Ÿณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
43:46
whether or not that word is being used
605
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
43:48
positively or negatively, even if the word
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ใŸใจใˆใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ
43:55
is positive or negative, we can sometimes
607
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3670
่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
43:59
use intonation the way we speak.
608
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:04
Here's a good example
609
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3003
่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’
44:09
two sentences.
610
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3003
2 ใคๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:13
great.
611
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2886
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:16
great.
612
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3003
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:21
great.
613
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3003
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:26
great.
614
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2669
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:28
great.
615
2668711
2452
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:31
great.
616
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2987
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:34
So the word great is often seen as positive.
617
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:38
However, in those sentences, the intonation of my voice
618
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€็งใฎๅฃฐใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
44:43
is leading you to understand
619
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3771
44:47
that it might not be necessarily positive.
620
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:51
great.
621
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:54
great.
622
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
44:57
Maybe you go out of your house in the morning and you discover that
623
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ๆœใ€ๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€
45:00
your car has a flat tyre just
624
2700326
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่ปŠใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒคใŒใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€
45:06
and you are late for work.
625
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซ้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
45:09
You might say,
626
2709601
3003
45:12
right.
627
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ใชใ„ใ€‚
45:17
It's being used negatively, even though
628
2717209
3337
45:22
in the grammar it sounds as if it's a positive thing.
629
2722314
3670
ๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:26
So intonation, the way we say things
630
2726602
3603
ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒใ€
45:30
can quite often lead to word choice.
631
2730739
4021
่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้ธๆŠžใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:35
Having opposite meanings or sentences.
632
2735043
2987
้€†ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ€‚
45:38
We can use it negatively or positively.
633
2738930
3854
ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
45:43
For example
634
2743201
3003
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
45:46
maybe you say that that is too bad.
635
2746671
3721
ใใ‚Œใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใ ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:51
That is too bad.
636
2751026
1051
ใใ‚Œใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
45:52
Maybe you hear some bad news that is too bad.
637
2752077
4087
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใฒใฉใ„ๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:56
Perhaps you want to be sarcastic.
638
2756481
3003
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:01
And that is something we will look at in a moment
639
2761203
2535
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€็šฎ่‚‰ใŒ็šฎ่‚‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
46:03
sarcasm being sarcastic.
640
2763738
3070
ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
46:07
We often use sarcasm
641
2767192
2803
46:09
when we are being rude.
642
2769995
3687
ๅคฑ็คผใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:14
Or maybe if we want to make a point towards someone,
643
2774032
3604
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ไธปๅผตใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใ€
46:17
we are trying to express a certain thing towards someone
644
2777636
4587
็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฒใฉใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
46:24
that is too bad.
645
2784693
1051
ใ€‚
46:27
Maybe someone who you don't like
646
2787228
3003
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅซŒใ„ใชไบบใ‹ใ‚‰
46:30
phones you
647
2790482
2752
้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใใฆใ€
46:33
and they say that they can't come to your party, but really you are quite relieved.
648
2793234
4772
ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใฏๆฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:38
You are pleased that they are not coming.
649
2798006
3003
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆฅใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:41
So you might say that that is too bad.
650
2801342
2937
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใฒใฉใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:44
that's too bad.
651
2804279
3003
ใใ‚Œใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
46:47
You're being sarcastic.
652
2807515
2703
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:50
So even though the sentence sounds negative, you are actually pleased
653
2810218
4321
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€
46:54
that that person isn't coming.
654
2814772
3003
ใใฎไบบใŒๆฅใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:59
Sarcasm is something we use often
655
2819811
3720
็šฎ่‚‰ใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
47:05
in Britain.
656
2825032
1318
ใ€‚
47:06
British people, English people
657
2826350
2586
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใ€็‰นใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฏ
47:08
especially, can be very sarcastic.
658
2828936
3721
ใจใฆใ‚‚็šฎ่‚‰ๅฑ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:13
We like to use sarcasm
659
2833441
3003
็งใŸใกใฏใ€
47:16
when we are trying to make point
660
2836744
2986
ไธปๅผตใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
47:19
or express a certain feeling.
661
2839914
3003
็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:22
Sarcasm often changes the meaning of a sentence or word
662
2842917
4254
็šฎ่‚‰ใฏใ€ไธๅฟซๆ„Ÿใ‚„ไธๆบ€ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡ใ‚„ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
47:27
to show annoyance or frustration.
663
2847588
5139
ใ€‚
47:33
You will often use sarcasm.
664
2853144
3003
็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
47:36
And I think.
665
2856747
868
ใงๆ€ใ†ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
47:37
I think the English can be very sarcastic.
666
2857615
3937
่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็šฎ่‚‰ใฃใฝใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:41
We are very good at it.
667
2861552
1969
็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:43
The type of humour that we have in this country.
668
2863521
3219
ใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใซใฏใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
47:47
Saka sum is often used to
669
2867575
2969
ใ‚ตใ‚ซใ‚ตใƒ ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
47:50
be sarcastic towards someone.
670
2870544
3087
ใ€‚
47:55
Here's a good example.
671
2875649
1352
ใ“ใ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
47:57
Maybe your friend comes late
672
2877001
3053
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒ้…ใ‚Œใฆใใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ทใ„้–“
48:01
and you have been waiting on the corner of the street for them
673
2881205
3437
่ก—ใฎ่ง’ใงๅ‹้”ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
48:05
for a very long time and you are looking at your watch.
674
2885042
4171
ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:09
Where is this person?
675
2889680
2469
ใ“ใฎไบบใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
48:12
Why haven't they arrived yet?
676
2892149
3003
ใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใ ๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
48:15
And you are quite angry.
677
2895602
1819
ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:17
You feel frustrated because they are late,
678
2897421
3003
็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
48:21
but when they arrive you might be sarcastic.
679
2901175
3036
ๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅซŒๅ‘ณใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:25
So even though the sentence sounds positive,
680
2905012
3487
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€
48:29
you are actually saying it in a negative way.
681
2909032
3420
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
48:33
good.
682
2913320
1084
่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
48:34
You are on time as usual.
683
2914404
3003
ใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
48:39
You can tell by my voice I'm being sarcastic.
684
2919109
3370
็งใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŒ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:42
I don't mean it.
685
2922713
1418
ใใ‚“ใชใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:44
I'm actually saying something positive,
686
2924131
3003
ๅฎŸ้š›ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
48:47
but the sound of my voice is saying something negative.
687
2927150
3571
ใฎใซใ€ๅฃฐใŒใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
48:51
good.
688
2931371
2002
่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
48:53
You are on time as usual.
689
2933373
2986
ใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
48:58
So the other person
690
2938728
968
ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚‚
48:59
will understand that I am actually annoyed.
691
2939696
3003
็งใŒๅฎŸใฏใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:03
Sometimes sarcasm will take
692
2943266
3003
็šฎ่‚‰ใฏ
49:06
a positive sentence and turn it into something negative.
693
2946269
4138
่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:12
Maybe.
694
2952559
1034
ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
49:13
Maybe a person who always falls asleep
695
2953593
2903
ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚็œ ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ไบบใ€
49:16
or maybe if they they like to sit
696
2956496
3203
ใพใŸใฏ
49:20
in their favourite chair and go to sleep
697
2960367
3003
ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆค…ๅญใซๅบงใฃใฆๅฏใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
49:23
and maybe you come back home and they are fast asleep,
698
2963937
3003
ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใฆใใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฃใ™ใ‚Š็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
49:27
you might say, how nice to see you awake again,
699
2967140
3403
ใฏใพใŸ่ตทใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†
49:33
but they are not awake, they are fast asleep.
700
2973480
2419
ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใฃใ™ใ‚Š็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:35
So you are being sarcastic.
701
2975899
2252
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
49:38
You are saying this thing to someone who often falls asleep.
702
2978151
4204
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ˆใๅฑ…็œ ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใซใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:43
How nice to see you awake again.
703
2983339
3003
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ†ใณ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:47
How nice to see you here on time.
704
2987210
3003
ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚ŠใซใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
49:51
Very good. Yes.
705
2991531
1418
ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ในใใงใฏ
49:52
you shouldn't have.
706
2992949
1535
ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:54
You shouldn't have rushed here.
707
2994484
1968
ใ“ใ“ใงๆ€ฅใในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
49:56
There was no need to rush.
708
2996452
3003
ๆ€ฅใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:59
But of course, the other person didn't
709
2999572
1652
ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็›ธๆ‰‹ใฏ
50:01
rush because they are late.
710
3001224
3003
้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆๆ€ฅใใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
50:04
The person who keeps falling asleep all the time.
711
3004310
2669
ใšใฃใจๅฑ…็œ ใ‚Šใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€‚
50:06
You are being sarcastic because they always fall asleep.
712
3006979
3571
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็œ ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
50:11
Please tell me more of your brilliant jokes.
713
3011701
3236
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:15
Please tell me more of your brilliant jokes.
714
3015321
3003
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:19
What you are actually doing is telling that person that their jokes are terrible.
715
3019826
3603
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใฎไบบใซใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ€ใจไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
50:24
You say it to someone who tells awful jokes.
716
3024380
3937
ใฒใฉใ„ๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไบบใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:28
Please, please tell me some more of those wonderful jokes of yours.
717
3028801
4972
ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:34
Go on.
718
3034023
3003
็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
50:37
You are being sarcastic towards that person.
719
3037493
4204
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎไบบใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:43
To be sarcastic is to turn a positive comment
720
3043849
3337
็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
50:47
against someone.
721
3047186
3003
ใ€‚ ใใฎใ“ใจใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
50:51
The context
722
3051657
3003
ๆ–‡่„ˆใŒ
50:54
is being changed because of the way
723
3054860
2553
ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
50:57
you say that thing and this happens a lot in English.
724
3057413
5105
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ˆใ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
51:02
And this is something that I've mentioned in the past.
725
3062968
3203
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
51:06
When you are using English, sometimes it is
726
3066171
3003
่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
51:10
very good to listen to what a person is saying,
727
3070309
3520
็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใฎใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
51:13
but also listen to how they are saying it as well,
728
3073829
4054
ใŒใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
51:18
because sometimes they might be sarcastic.
729
3078334
2986
็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซใ‚‚่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:21
It does happen.
730
3081620
784
ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
51:24
Not just English people,
731
3084323
2819
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
51:27
people from the US.
732
3087142
1802
ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ‚‚ใ€‚
51:28
They can also quite sarcastic as well.
733
3088944
3420
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใŸใ€้žๅธธใซ็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
51:35
Common opposites in English.
734
3095450
2620
่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ๅๅฏพ่ชžใ€‚
51:38
Now I'm sure for many people this will be quite obvious,
735
3098070
3987
ๅคšใใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
51:42
but I'm going to put it on the screen anyway before I finish.
736
3102474
3370
ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็”ป้ขใซ่กจ็คบใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ ใ€‚
51:46
So for those who want to look at some very quick
737
3106078
3687
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ
51:50
opposite words,
738
3110515
2703
ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€
51:53
the most obvious ones, when we look at opposites
739
3113218
3003
ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ˜Ž็™ฝใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
51:56
and quite often these also will be used
740
3116672
3002
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚‚
52:00
positively in green and negatively
741
3120559
4571
็ท‘ใง่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
52:05
in red, you have happy,
742
3125614
2986
่ตคใงๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅนธใ›ใ€
52:09
sad, good,
743
3129084
3003
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ€
52:12
bad, creates
744
3132454
2986
ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€
52:15
terrible big
745
3135624
3003
ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„
52:18
smile.
746
3138743
2553
ๆบ€้ขใฎ็ฌ‘ใฟใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ในใพใ™ใ€‚
52:21
It is worth mentioning that big and small
747
3141296
3687
ๅคงๅฐใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
52:25
are not necessarily positive or negative,
748
3145533
3988
ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
52:30
so a small thing might be good,
749
3150155
2986
ๅฐใ•ใชใ“ใจใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅคงใใช
52:33
a big thing might be bad,
750
3153625
3003
ใ“ใจใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
52:37
a big gift you might receive a big gift
751
3157612
3670
ๅคงใใช่ดˆใ‚Š็‰ฉใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
52:42
that is good.
752
3162333
768
ใ€‚
52:44
But then you might find
753
3164068
3003
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€
52:48
I'm not going to say that,
754
3168239
2102
็งใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€
52:50
but you might find there is something wrong with you.
755
3170341
3003
่‡ชๅˆ†ใซไฝ•ใ‹ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
52:53
And instead of that thing being small, it is big.
756
3173878
3003
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅคงใใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
52:57
That can then be negative.
757
3177982
2519
ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:00
So big and small are not necessarily
758
3180501
4021
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคงใใ„ใ‹ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‹ใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
53:05
positive or negative.
759
3185723
1502
ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:07
They can change depending on the context.
760
3187225
3720
ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:11
And of course we have bright
761
3191329
3003
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏใ€
53:14
and miserable
762
3194432
2219
53:16
something that is happy, something that is cheerful, something that is jolly,
763
3196651
6690
ๅนธใ›ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ้™ฝๆฐ—ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€้™ฝๆฐ—ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€็ฌ‘้ก”ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
53:23
it makes you smile, is bright,
764
3203574
3003
53:27
something that is not so cheerful,
765
3207145
3002
ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
53:30
something that makes you feel sad or miserable.
766
3210531
3120
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใพใŸใฏๆƒจใ‚ใชๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใจๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:34
We might say that that thing is negative,
767
3214435
3203
ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ ใจ็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
53:37
so quite often it will be a negative thing.
768
3217922
3387
ใฎใงใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
53:41
It will be used in a negative way.
769
3221809
3003
ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
53:46
So common opposites in English.
770
3226197
3003
่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ๅๅฏพ่ชžใ€‚
53:49
I'm I'm sure you can think of many. In fact,
771
3229767
2736
ใใฃใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆ€ใ„ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
53:54
you can think of things that make you feel good
772
3234305
2936
ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
53:57
and things that make you feel bad.
773
3237241
3003
ใ€‚
54:01
We can also have things that describe actions.
774
3241579
3870
ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:05
As I said earlier, you stand the opposite.
775
3245733
4254
ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅๅฏพใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใงใ™ใ€‚
54:09
Of course, is sit.
776
3249987
2185
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅบงใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:12
You stand on the bus,
777
3252172
3003
ใƒใ‚นใฎไธญใง็ซ‹ใกใ€
54:15
you sit
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54:18
on the toilet.
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ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซๅบงใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:27
And that is how we are ending today's live stream.
780
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงๆœฌๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:30
Isn't that lovely?
781
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็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใญ๏ผŸ
54:32
Quite often opposite words can be used in English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
54:35
but sometimes we can use them in a certain way,
783
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ใŒใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
54:40
and because of that the meaning can be reversed.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ้€†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:45
Sometimes those opposite words can become
785
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ้€†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
54:50
the other way around.
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ใ€‚
54:51
A negative word can be become positive,
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚
54:55
and a positive might become negative.
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:58
And of course, it all depends how you say it as well right now.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใซใ‚‚ไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:04
By the way, Mr.
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ใกใชใฟใซ
55:05
Steve is on stage in Wolverhampton right now.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใฏไปŠใ‚ฆใƒซใƒดใ‚กใƒผใƒใƒณใƒ—ใƒˆใƒณใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:11
There he is.
792
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ใใ“ใซๅฝผใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
55:12
So there was Mr.
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1301
55:13
Steve last night, but at the moment, right now he is on stage
794
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๅคœใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆฅใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ดใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใ‚จใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใงๆผ”ๅฅไธญใงใ€
55:19
performing in the Gondoliers and there he was last night
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ๆ˜จๅคœใใ“ใง
55:24
singing his little heart.
796
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ๅฐใ•ใชๅฟƒใ‚’ๆญŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
55:27
Look at that.
797
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ใ‚ใ‚Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚ˆใ€‚
55:29
You can really see that Steve is putting everything
798
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใŒใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซๅ…จๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆณจใ„ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
55:34
into his performance.
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ใ€‚
55:37
Let's hope tomorrow Mr.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ
55:39
Steve will put as much effort into his performance here
801
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
55:43
on the live chat because I'm back tomorrow, don't worry.
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็งใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
55:47
Back tomorrow
803
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅˆๅพŒ๏ผ’ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใŸๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
55:51
from 2 p.m.
804
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55:52
UK time is when I'm back with you.
805
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:55
So I am with you tomorrow.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚
55:59
Thank you, Josette.
807
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ผใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚
56:01
Thank you very much.
808
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:02
Thank you also to Luis.
809
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ใƒซใ‚คใ‚นใซใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:05
Thank you, Nick Hill, very nice.
810
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใƒ’ใƒซใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
56:09
Thank you also to Angelus
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Angelus
56:12
and also to VHS also.
812
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ใจ VHS ใซใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:15
Thank you very much to as this.
813
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ใ“ใฎๅบฆใฏ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
56:19
Thank you, Beatriz, once again for joining us today.
814
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ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ”นใ‚ใฆใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:24
Thank you very much for all of your company.
815
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ๅพก็คพใฎ็š†ๆง˜ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
56:26
I've quite enjoyed it, isn't it?
816
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆฅฝใ—ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
56:29
It's very strange, very weird
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™
56:33
being here on Saturday, but I'm here with you anyway.
818
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ใŒใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:36
And as I said, I am back with you tomorrow.
819
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใพใŸไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
56:40
Tomorrow from 2 p.m.
820
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅˆๅพŒ๏ผ’ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰
56:42
UK time is when I'm with you.
821
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นๆ™‚้–“ใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
56:45
Don't forget to join me and we will have 2 hours tomorrow.
822
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ 2 ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
56:50
Not one hour but two,
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1ๆ™‚้–“ใงใฏใชใ2ๆ™‚้–“ใ€
56:53
the whole 2 hours to enjoy with each other.
824
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ไธธใ€…2ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๆฅฝใ—ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
56:57
Thank you very much for watching.
825
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใฆ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†
56:59
We are approaching 3:00.
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3ๆ™‚ใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:01
I've been here for one hour.
827
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ1ๆ™‚้–“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:03
You can watch this again with captions later on.
828
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ๅพŒใงๅญ—ๅน•ไป˜ใใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
57:09
Thank you very much for your lovely messages.
829
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็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
57:12
It's nice to see you here.
830
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:14
Very nice.
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้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚
57:16
Thank you very much.
832
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1702
ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:18
Well, by the way, tomorrow we have something serious to talk about as well,
833
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ ้‡ๅคงใช่ฉฑใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
57:22
something that I said last week on one of my livestreams.
834
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ ็งใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใฎ 1 ใคใง็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
57:28
I had a rather interesting
835
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„
57:32
email sent to me.
836
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใŒ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
57:36
We will talk about that tomorrow.
837
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:39
And of course, Mr. Steve will be here as well.
838
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
57:41
Thanks for watching.
839
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
57:42
See you later. Take care of yourselves.
840
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ใพใŸๅพŒใงใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
57:45
I hope you've enjoyed this rather unusual Saturday live stream.
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ใ“ใฎใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็ใ—ใ„ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚
57:50
And don't forget to give me a lovely like as well, if you like
842
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
57:55
what you've seen,
843
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่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
57:57
please give me a lovely thumb to show you care.
844
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฐ—้ฃใ„ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ็ด ๆ•ตใช่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็งใซ้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
58:02
And of course, until the next time we meet, you know what's coming next.
845
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใซไผšใ†ใพใงใฏใ€ ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
58:05
Yes, you do
846
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ใฏใ„ใ€
58:07
enjoy the rest of your day.
847
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
58:09
Have a super duper weekend if I don't see you tomorrow, have a good one.
848
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4321
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไผšใˆใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้€ฑๆœซใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่‰ฏใ„้€ฑๆœซใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
58:13
And of course, you know what's coming next.
849
3493912
2853
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ€‚
58:16
Yes, you do.
850
3496765
1118
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:25
ta ta for now.
851
3505824
1702
ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ‚ฟใ‚ฟใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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