How to use Mind Maps to understand and remember what you read!

How to submit.

如何submit

We want to hear from all artists and makers who have a passion for creating.

我们想要听到所有大师和富有创造激情的制作者的声音

That's cool.

真酷

Hi. James from engVid.

嗨，我是engVid的James

You notice?

I was reading.

你注意到了么？

我刚才正在阅读

It's not a special skill.

阅读不是一项很特殊的技能

Most of us learn it, but the problem is when you go to another language it's difficult

大多数人都在学习阅读，但问题是当你用一门外语进行阅读的时候，就会变得困难

sometimes to understand what's on the paper and be able to use that.

有时需要去理解书上说的是什么，还要有能力去使用它们

So today's lesson is about mind maps.

所以，今天的课程是关于“脑图”

Mind maps?

脑图？

Yeah.

是的

Wait a second, mind maps and reading.

等下，确切的说应该是“脑图”与“阅读”

I did a general lesson earlier on.

我以前做过一个相关的课程

Somewhere in the link you can look down and you can find it, go back, you can watch it.

看看下面的链接，你也许会找到那门课，你可以回去看看

But in that lesson I didn't give any specific examples on mind maps.

但是，在那门课里我没有给出一些关于“脑图”的特殊的例子

I'm doing this particular lesson to address that.

在接下来的时间里，我就要讲讲关于“脑图”的事情了

So, if you're here going: "Yeah, I want to learn about mind maps and reading", this is

所以，你如果你正想听听“脑图”与“阅读”

your lesson.

这就是为你准备的课程

Hold on two seconds.

首先，

We're going to discuss what the benefits are, what the benefits of reading are, then I'm

我们要讨论一下，阅读的好处，然后

going to give you a very detailed mind map explaining what parts you should do for what,

我要给你讲一下关于“脑图”学习，你应该具体做什么

and that'll help you with reading.

来帮助你进行阅读

Are you ready?

准备好了么？

Let's go to the board.

请看大屏幕

All right, E, what's up?

好的，那么~~~

"It's all Greek to me."

“我啥也看不懂”

Omega, it's not the best symbol, you probably can't see it, but Greek.

欧米伽，不是最好的符号，除了Greek，你可能都看不到它

In English we say when something's Greek to me, it means we don't understand it.

在英语里，我们说XXX is Greek to me ,意思就是“我不懂XXX是啥意思“”

A lot of times you'll get a big contract when, you know, you have your cellphone and there's

很多时候，当你拿到一个大合同，you know， 你对着你的手机，上面写着

a bill and it's: "Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah",

一大堆~~~~@#￥%……&*等等，

and you're like: "I don't understand it. It's all Greek."

你肯定懵逼了

I know you understand all of the words, it's just they're put together in such a way it's

我知道你认识所有的单词，他们只是以一种较难理解得形式放在了一起

difficult, and that doesn't matter if you're reading your own language or another language.

如果你正在读你自己的语言而不是其他的语言，就无所谓了

But there are a lot of benefits when you're learning another language that reading gives you.

但是，当你阅读一门外语时，它会给你很多益处

And a lot of people want to talk and listen, but reading has some power.

许多人喜欢“听”、“说”，但是“阅读”蕴含许多力量

And let's address that now.

接下来，让我们搞定它！

Okay?

好的

So mind maps are reading comprehension.

脑图就是一种阅读假象

Don't worry if you haven't seen the mind map, it's coming up in a second or two.

别担心，如果你之前没听说过啥是脑图，我这就给你娓娓道来

But the first thing I want to talk to you about is reading helps you understand the

首先，我要讲一下，阅读可以帮你理解

way that the language is put together.

组合在一起的语言

Most of you will come and...

你们大多数人都会。。。

You come to engVid to learn vocabulary and grammar, but that doesn't help you with syntax,

你们来engVid学习单词、语法，但是那些并不能帮你领悟“语法结构”

that doesn't help you with putting the words together in a logical way.

那些并不能帮助你用合理的方式把言语组合在一起

Reading does that because...

但是阅读就可以做到，因为。。。

Well, let's face facts, when you're reading someone is actually speaking to you but they're

Well,让我们面对现实，当你阅读时，实际上就是有人在对你讲话，但是他们

not in front of you.

没有在你面前

So the problem is if they're not very clear and they don't use the language well, you

所以，问题是，如果你拿不准意思，

won't really understand them.

你就不能很好地去理解他们

Right?

对吧？

So reading teaches you how to...

所以，阅读教会你如何。。。

The language is put together, where the verbs go, and when's a better place to use the verb

语言被组合在一起，动词应该放哪里，动词或者名字放哪里比较好

or a noun, and how you can show expressions. Okay?

并且还可以教会你应该如何去表达。对吧？

Reading also teaches you how to speak by showing you the way that the language is used by the

阅读也可以教你如何向母语人士一样讲话，展示你自己

native speakers.

Huh? Well, if it's a fiction book they actually say:

如果是一本小说的话，他们应该会这么说：

"-'Johnny, are you coming?'

“Johnny(逗号)are you coming？”

-'Yes.' Dah, dah, dah, dah",

“Yes.~~~~~~~~~”

and they show you how we use the language.

他们教你，我们是如何使用语言的

So not only do you understand how to put the language together by looking at it and going:

所以，通过阅读你不仅能够学会语言的组合

"Ah, comma here, period here", but then they say:

"Ah, comma here, period here"，还能学会如何恢复

"Hey, this is how we speak."

"Hey, this is how we speak."

So if you follow this you can actually use that kind of method or sys-...

所以，如果你这么学下去，你就会使用这种方法。

Not system.

You can follow those words and actually speak like we do.

你可以跟着那些语句，像我一样讲话

All right?

是吧？

Number three, vocabulary.

第三，单词

I talked about it up here.

我在上面讲过的

Reading introduces vocabulary in a natural way.

阅读会以一种比较自然的方式在介绍单词

Have you ever had a teacher or read a book where they have 20 words and they say:

上课或者读一本书的时候，遇到20个单词，他们说：

"These are your 20 words"?

“这些是你的20个单词”

And when you look back, you're like:

当你回顾的时候，你会想：

"Why did they teach me these 20 and not these 20,

“为什么他们教我这20个词，而不是那20个词？”

and why this word and not that word?"

“为什么是这个词，不是那个词？”

Well, when they're reading they're saying: "Here's words", and you can see the vocabulary,

当你读到他们的对话的时候，你可以看到那些单词

you can look at the picture that it's in-and that's a key that I'm going to say picture;

你可以看到其中的画面，那就是我要说的关键

I'll come back to that-and you can see: "Ah, that's how it fits, and now I have an understanding

那个稍后会讲。而且你会看到“哦，它是如何使用的，我理解了

of the word not just by dictionary definition, but how people actually use it in real life

而不只是靠查字典，那是在现实生活中

in that language."

人们对那种语言的使用

Okay?

对吧？

So at the end of it I say: Reading is good for you, like an orange.

最后，阅读对你大有裨益，就像一个橙子

You know, you have orange juice?

你知道吧，就好像喝橙汁

Delicious.

非常美味

It's good for you. Right?

让你受益匪浅，对吧？

But there is a key that you have to remember, and that is: Reading is difficult if you don't

但是，有一个关键你要记得，那就是：当你在文章中有80%的单词都不认识的时候

know 80% of the vocabulary, and this is where the mind map comes in.

阅读就变得困难了起来。那么，“脑图”就应运而生了

If you don't know 80% of the vocabulary you won't understand most of what is on the paper.

如果文章中有80%的单词你都不认识，那你就无法理解这篇文章

But the funny thing is if you see a picture, even if you don't know all the words, you

但有意思的是，如果你看到一张图片，即使你不认识多有的单词

can understand how that picture goes together.

你也能理解这幅图片

Right?

对吧？

We're going to use mind maps to create a picture for you to look at and understand, and then

我们要用“脑图”来绘制一个图片，以便观看和理解

take some of the vocabulary that you may not know and give you a really clear understanding.

之后再用一些你可能不懂的单词，让你有一个真正的理解

Ready for your next adventure?

准备好冒险了么？

Let's turn to the next chapter.

让我们进入下一章

[Snaps]

Okay, so I promised a mind map for reading, and voila.

好的，正如我之前说过应用于阅读的“脑图”，瞧：

But before I get there, I want to just go over a couple of things. Okay?

在此之前，我要复习一些东西

Why do we have...?

为什么我们有。。。？

There are three reasons for the mind map.

学习“脑图”的三大理由

I discussed what reading was about.

我已经讲过关于“阅读”

But I discussed reading, but I didn't talk about the mind map and how they actually go

但是我还没有讲如何讲“阅读”和“脑图”联系在一起

together, and I'm going to fix that right now.

现在我就来搞定这个问题

We want to use the mind map to do these three things to make reading much easier.

我们要使用“脑图”来做如下三件事，以便使阅读更轻松

Do you remember I said if you don't understand at least 80%, so it's only 20% you don't understand,

还记得我说过的么？如果你不理解的内容超过80%，那么如果只有20%的内容是不理解的

reading something will be impossible?

那么阅读这些内容看起来是不可能的么？

These are the three reasons we want to go to mind maps to make that 20% just disappear

有三个理由让我们去制作“脑图”，以便使那20%的内容消失

and work for us.

并服务于我们

First, a mind map forces you...

首先，一个“脑图”可以促使你。。。

Okay, so they break down...

他们分解成。。。

They force you to break down information into smaller parts that are easier to understand.

他们促使你把信息分解成一些小块，这样就更好理解了

Here's my fist, I'm going to eat it.

这是我的拳头，我要吃掉它 ORZ

[Mumbles].

You see, I can't.

你看，我做不到

But if I do this, we make it smaller, it's easier to eat.

但如果我这么做，我们把它变小，就可以吃进去了 ORZ

Okay?

When you have a page of information and 20% you don't understand, you just go:

当你有一页材料，里面20%的东西你都不懂，你只是觉得：

"I don't understand."

“搞不懂啊！”

But when you break it into parts you can go:

但当你把它分成若干各部分，你会发现

"Hey, I know this word, and this word works with that", it's easier for you to digest or to take in.

“嘿，我认识这个词，这个词是这么用的”，这样就容易消化理解了

Number two, once you're finished the mind map all of the information can be seen quickly

第二，一旦你完成了“脑图”，所有的信息只需快速地

at a glance.

瞅一眼就好

A glance is a quick look.

A glance 就是快速瞅一眼的意思

When you...

当你。。。

No, that's not a glance.

不，那不是 a glance

This is.

这才是

See?

看？

That means a quick look.

就是快速瞅一眼

I want to be able to look at a piece of paper and get the picture right away.

我要看一页东西，就立刻拿一张画

And if you think about it, when you look at a picture, you don't look corner, corner,

如果可以这么想，当你看一张画的时候，你不会注意各个角落~~~角落~~~角落

corner, corner, corner.

You look, you see the picture, you understand it.

你只需看一眼那副画，你就懂了

That's what a mind map does for you.

那就是“脑图”为你做的工作

And finally, the third thing is there are lots of pictures.

最后，第三点包括很多图片

You're going to notice lots of silly pictures.

你会看到许多傻傻的图片

Well, it makes it easier to remember.

它能使你记得更轻松

Because let's face it, if you read something and you don't remember it, you never read it.

因为如果你读了一个东西，你却记不住你读了啥，那你就不会去读它了

So I'm going to say that again to make sure you understand.

所以我要再次重申，确定你能理解

Okay?

If you read something and you don't remember what you read, you never read it.

如果你读了一个东西，你却记不住你读了啥，那你就不会去读它了

With a mind map, because you get these little pictures, you can put a picture in your head

由于“脑图”的存在，你可以把这些小图很轻松地装进你的脑袋里

easily.

It's easy to recall or bring back that information and remember it.

这就很容易回忆和记忆信息了

So the three advantages are we can break it into pieces we understand.

所以这三个优势就是：我们可以化整为零以便理解

Okay?

对吧？

When we need the information-[snaps]-it's quick.

当我们需要什么信息的时候，很快

I don't need to go page, page.

我不需要一页一页地去翻

I can look and go: "Got it."

“脑图”看一眼就搞定了

And number three, I don't even have to look.

第三，我神之都不需要看

I can just remember.

只需要记住就行了

Nice. Right? All right.

很棒，对吧

So let's take a look at a very general mind map.

那么让我们看一下这个常规的“脑图”

What do I mean by general?

我说的“常规”是什么意思呢？

This mind map is to give you an idea, sort of like a base.

这个“脑图”会给你一个想法，有点像是某种“基础”

From here you can modify this type of mind map to use it for any other reading.

在这里，你可以修改这种“脑图”来配合其他的阅读内容

So if you're a business guy or you're a history person, you're like: "This doesn't help me",

所以，如果你是一个商人或者历史学家，你可能会觉得“这个帮不到我”

wait, I'll show you how it can help you.

等下，我会告诉你，它可以帮到你

But for now let's go through the basic things you can do to make it easier.

现在，我们先从基础入手，这样就简单许多

So you've read your book. Okay?

假设，你已经读了一书

You're reading through the pages.

你一页一页地读

While you're reading it, some of the things you can do is right off the bat you can have

当你正在读书的时候，有些事你可以立即去做

a little mind map-where are we?-vocabulary, a little arm here that goes into voca-...

你可以建立一个小的“脑图”，比如，这样的一个单词分支

New vocabulary.

新单词

With the new vocabulary, you can write the word out, go to your dictionary, find a synonym.

你可以把这个单词写出来，然后查字典，找出同义词

The dictionary usually has antonyms and synonym.

字典里通常都会有同义词和反义词

Synonym means a word that seems the same or is similar to this word,

synonym 的意思就是同义词

and the antonym is the opposite.

antonym 的意思是反义词

Okay? So we can look for synonyms which may help us.

所以我们要找出可能会帮助我们的同义词

So you might know the word "dog", but you don't know the word "mutt".

你可能知道 dog , 但你是你不知道 mutt

A mutt is a type of dog that's mixed.

mutt 是一种杂交狗

So that's a synonym for "dog".

所以，mutt 是狗的同义词

So you can use that by using your dictionary, and this will help you remember that word,

你可以用找同义词的方式来记单词

and plus make your vocabulary wider.

进而来扩展你的词汇量

Cool. Right?

很酷，对吧

And next thing is almost every book you read, especially if it's for school-and a lot of

然后，你读的大多数书，特别是学校里的书

you I know want to go to school or you're reading books-you need general information.

你需要从书中获取信息

So in this kind we can put down the type of book.

所以，在这里，我们可以写下书的类型

Is it science?

科学类？

Is it business?

商业类？

Is it fiction?

小说类？

Who is the author?

作者是谁？

The Donald Trump haircut.

川普的发型

See?

看

It's blowing away.

非常飘逸

Who's the author?

作者是谁？

Put the author's name.

把作者的名字写下来

And then when was it published?

以及出版时间

Published means: When did you make this...?

published 意思是：你何时。。。？

Or, sorry.

对不起

When did they make the book?

他们何时出版的这本书？

When was it written and completed?

何时写完并出版的？

You might want this because the information might be old.

你需要知道这些，因为或许书里的信息太老旧了

We call it dated, and it's no good anymore.

我们称作 dated ， 过时的信息就没啥用了

Or it could be relevant, which means it's good and useful now.

或者书里的信息 relevant， 就是现在看起来非常好、有用的意思

Right?

And that publishing helps you.

出版信息会帮到你

It's a quick glance. Remember?

这样瞥一眼，还记得么？

You might read five books and you can quickly go through everything you need on one piece

你可以在一张纸上瞥一眼，然后很快地从5本书里浏览出你需要的信息

of paper.

Especially when you're writing an essay it's important because you need this.

特别是当你写作文的时候，这就很重要了，你需要它

Okay?

Comprehension.

理解

I'm going to come back to that one, because that's usually for me the last thing that happens.

让我们先看一下其他的内容，因为这一部分对于我来说往往是最后一步

So let's go over here.

所以，我们先看看这里

After you've written down your basic information-okay?-you're going to write chapters.

在你写下基本信息后，你要开始写章节了

You read it.

I don't care what book you read, they have chapters.

你读书

但我不在乎你读了什么，他们有什么章节

Well, have...

他们有。。。

Sorry. Let me correct myself.

对不起，我组织下语言

If they're good books they have chapters.

如果你的是些好书，他们有章节

Magazines even have chapters.

甚至是杂志也有章节

Right?

对吧

Different part, you know, there's the food one, there's the investment, on clothing.

不同的部分，比如：食物啦，投资啦，服装啦

It's not called a chapter, but you get the idea.

那些不叫章节，但你可以大致有个概念

You can put the chapter's title, the basic information because a lot of times they'll

你可以写下标题，基本信息，因为很多时候

outline what is in this chapter, and then you can put down the important details that

他们会概述这章的内容，然后你可以写下一些你得到的

you get.

信息细节

It doesn't have to be what the book says, it's what maybe you think or what the book says.

它不一定是书里说的内容，也可以是你的所得所想

This organizes that information so that when you go back it's easier to remember than to

这些信息组可以让你较容易地进行记忆，而不是

read 400 pages.

硬读400页的内容

Timeline.

时间线

Things happen at a certain time.

某事发生的具体时间

So what happened and when?

什么时间，发生了什么事儿

For history this is perfect.

这对于学习历史来讲堪称完美

Now, do you remember I told you we could modify one?

你还记得我告诉过你，我们可以修改“脑图”

You don't need this if this is business.

如果这是商业类的读物，我们就不需要时间线了

It's not necessary to have a timeline, but you might have something called business strategies

但是你或许会在上面加上“商业策略”的分支

and it could be business strategies and strategy number one for marketing, strategy number

比如，商业策略1：市场，商业策略2：投资

two for investment.

But let's go back again and say this...

好，让我们说回来

We wanted to change this once again and we wanted to talk about a fictional book, the

我们要再进行一次改变，讨论一本虚构的书

life of Muhammad Ali, for instance.

比如：阿里的一生

We could change this to put down characters.

我们可以把这个变成章节部分

And when we say characters, it would be Muhammad Ali's a character, lead character, maybe his

当我们说到章节的时候，这里可以是阿里的章节，或许

brother is another character for the personality, or when we talk about the types of characters

他的兄弟是另一条章节，或者是书中各个章节

that are in the book.

的种类

You can use it for a whole bunch of things.

你可以用这种方法处理很多事情

So you can take this one arm out and change it.

所以，你可以用这一个分支来做替换

So we could use it for business, for strategies, you could use it for fiction writing to describe

所以，我们可以用这个分支来描述商业、策略，也可以用在小说写作

the characters that are in there.

描写章节上面

Now, Muhammad Ali's non-fiction, but let's pretend he went to the moon, that would be

阿里不是虚构的，但是我们假装他去了月球，那就是

a fictional book. Okay?

一个虚构的小说了，对吧

So in case you're like: "He's a real guy, I know him!"

所以，万一你非要说你认识他

You don't know him.

你可以假装不认识他

I'm just saying if it was a non-fiction, the guy's name was Muhammad Ali.

我只是说，如果他是一个叫阿里的人

Okay? But just you understand, but we can talk about the different types of characters in here

对吧，如你所知，我们可以讨论很多不同的章节

or investment strategies.

或者是投资策略

So this one arm can be taken out, and this way you can modify this basic mind map for

所以这是一个可被拿掉的分支，你可以根据你读的东西

reading to what you're reading and doing right now.

来进行相应的修改

Now, I talked about all of these and I wanted to leave this one to the end because

现在，我来说说这个，我把它留到最后，因为

comprehension means to understand.

comprehension 意思是 理解领悟

No matter what you read and what you're told, there's always something that you've learned

不论你读什么，不论你说什么，你已经从书中

from that book.

学到了一些东西

And this is the one that you want to really keep on regardless because you might want

这是你真正容易忽略的，因为你可能会说

to say: "I learned this."

我懂了

or "I got this out of this book."

或者，我从书里学到了

Because when you're going back and it's been a month since you read it or you have to do

因为当我们回过头来看的时候，可能已经过了一个月了

an assignment, it's kind of good to say in your conclusion even:

“脑图”对你收获的结果很有帮助

"This is what I learned. This is what I got from this."

这就是我从书里学到的内容

Right?

对吧

Cool?

Well, look, I hope this mind map lesson has been really good for you.

酷啊

好的，我希望这节“脑图”课已经帮到了你

I enjoyed it.

我很乐在其中

I'm sure you got something and you can use it.

我确定你收获了一些东西，并能应用它

And once again, if there was some...

再说一次，如果有一些。。。

You know, some basic questions you had, check in the link, there's a link to the first lesson

一些基础的问题，点击下面的链接，会出现一堂课

I did which was very general giving more of an idea of

我在课里介绍了更多的关于

what is a mind map and why do you use it.

什么是“脑图”，以及你为什么要使用它

Okay?

好吧

So anyway, I'd like to say thank you once again.

总之，再次感谢

I always appreciate when you watch our videos, Mr. E and I, though he's not here.

感谢你收看我们的视频，Mr.E和我，虽然Mr.E不在这里

Also, I want you to subscribe, and that's somewhere around here.

而且，我希望你订阅我的节目，订阅按钮

If you just look in the box you'll find it.

就在视频的某个地方，你会找到的

And the last thing I want to say is this: As I said, I think you found this helpful,

最后，我要说，你应该觉得这个视频很有帮助吧

and if that's the case - do me a favour?

如果真的是这样的话，帮个忙好么？

Show someone else.

分享给你的朋友们

Because if you learn something from it, you should share your knowledge.

因为如果你从中学到了东西，你就应该分享你的知识

That's what we do here at engVid, we'd love it if you can do it as well.

这就是我们在engVid做的事情，如果你也能分享知识的话，我会很开心的

Anyway, have a good one and pick up a book.

总之，祝你幸福，多读书吧