Confusing English: LIE or LAY? RAISE, RISE, or ARISE?

451,260 views ใƒป 2016-02-23

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Good morning.
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ใŠใฏใ‚ˆใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:03
Hmm. Sorry.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:05
James from engVid. That probably raises a few questions for you.
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engVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๆ่ตทใ—ใพใ™.
00:09
"Why did he say: 'Good morning', when it could be any time in the world?"
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ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผใฏใ€ŽใŠใฏใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸไธ–็•Œใงใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€
00:14
Yeah. Well, I'm going to help you today, because
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ง
00:18
that is a common word that we use in English, but there
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ใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†
00:21
are some other words that are similar that many people make a mistake with.
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่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ้–“้•ใˆใ‚‹ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:26
And I'm going to help you learn them today.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
That's "raise", "rise", "arise", "lay", and "lie".
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œ่ตทใ™ใ€ใ€Œ่ตทใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ่ตทใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฏใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฏใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:34
Now, quick story: When I first heard this 10 years ago, I was teaching and a teacher
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็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ฉฑใงใ™ใŒใ€10 ๅนดๅ‰ใซๅˆใ‚ใฆใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใ ใ€็งใฏๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ•™ๅธซ
00:41
asked me: "James, why do we raise or why do we rise?" And I didn't know. I honestly didn't
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ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
00:48
know. Of course I know what... When to use them, but my problem was we just know because
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™... ใ„ใคใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็งใฎๅ•้กŒใฏ
00:57
we've been taught, but no one actually sits you down and said:
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ใ€ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใง็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅบงใฃใฆ
01:00
"The exact difference is this." So I had to study it.
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ใ€Œๆญฃ็ขบใช้•ใ„ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:04
And today I'm going to help you not make the mistake I made,
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏใ€็งใŒ็Šฏใ—ใŸ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
01:08
by knowing what it is and how to use it, or use them, because we have five words.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก ใพใ™.5ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
01:13
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:14
Do I raise my hand or rise my hand?
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็งใฏๆ‰‹ใ‚’ ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้•ใ„
01:18
Tough question if you don't know the differences between them.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:22
And I'm hoping this lesson will help you. In fact,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
01:24
by the time we're done, you should master this and be more fluent in your English use.
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็งใŸใกใŒๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹้ ƒใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
First one: "arise".
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1ใค็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ่ตท็ซ‹ใ€ใ€‚
01:34
If you ever watched any sci-... Scientific movie, sci-fi movie, there
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚จใƒณใ‚น ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€SFๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจ
01:38
is some dead creature and some crazy magician or scientist goes: "Arise!"
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆญปใ‚“ใ ็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใŒใ„ใฆใ€็‹‚ใฃใŸ ้ญ”่ก“ๅธซใ‚„็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒใ€Œ่ตทใใ‚๏ผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
Well, we don't quite use it like that in English; we use it a little differently. When we talk about
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใฃใŸไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
"arise", we mean something has occurred or something has happened.
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ใ€Œariseใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:54
"A few things arose when you were away on vacation."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผ‘ๆš‡ใงไธๅœจใ ใฃใŸใจใใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
01:58
That means things happened or occurred. Another way of
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’
02:02
saying it is: "come up". If you look at Mr. E at the bottom of the stairs, Mr. E 2 says:
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๆฅใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้šŽๆฎตไธ‹ใฎEใ•ใ‚“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€Eใ•ใ‚“2ใŒ
02:07
"Hey, come here." And he goes up the stairs, so something has come up.
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ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€ใ“ใฃใกๆฅใ„ใ€ใฃใฆใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏ ้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ไธŠใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:12
Hey, listen, there's a couple of things that I said arose or have arisen,
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ใญใˆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€
02:16
things have come up or occurred that
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ใพใŸใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจ
02:19
have happened and I want to talk about them. Okay? Cool. That's "arise".
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ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ่ตท็ซ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
Now, one other thing about "arise"... Let's just talk about it for a second.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œariseใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคโ€ฆ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ ใ‘ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:30
"Arise" is an irregular verb.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Irregular verb? Well, most verbs follow a simple pattern; you add "ed"
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉž๏ผŸ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๅพ“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œedใ€
02:36
or add "d" to the end is past tense, there's a base form, and then there's the past participle
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž
02:43
form. And, you know, looks like "ed", "ed", and regular form. Easy. Irregular verbs means
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ๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ้€šๅธธใฎๅฝขๅผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใ€‚ ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
02:51
they don't follow that rule, so you have to change it. And unfortunately, there's no way
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ใ€ใใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
02:55
for me to teach you and say: "With every irregular verb, you must do this." They're irregular
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ•™ใˆใฆ่จ€ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:01
because different ones look different ways. Sorry. But I'm going to help you by putting
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’
03:05
it here, and you can also go and study the charts for irregular verbs. Okay? I believe
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ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:10
we have some on our engVid tools you can use or resources.
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engVid ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚„ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
So, "arise", as I said, "come up", is an irregular verb; it doesn't follow the regular rules.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ€ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:21
So you're going to have to pay attention when I show you how it's spelt. The second thing
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซ็คบใ™ใฎ
03:25
I have here is intransitive. I spelt it over here for you, but intransitive.
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ใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ็ถดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:30
"Intransitive", well, "trans" in English... Or, sorry. Latin means across.
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ใ€Œ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ€... ใพใŸใฏใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใฏๆจชๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€
03:35
It means it goes from one place to another.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:37
An intransitive verb means it doesn't take a direct object. Huh?
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่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ใ€็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏ๏ผŸ
03:43
Well, here's the example of transitive verb: "I love".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™: "I love".
03:49
If you're sitting there, you're probably thinking
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ใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
03:52
to yourself: "You love what? Ice cream? Football? Your mother? Your shoes?" Well, with a transitive
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ใ€Œๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏ? ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ? ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผ? ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“? ้ด?ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€
03:59
verb, it takes an object or a direct object, meaning it has an effect on something else.
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใพใŸใฏ็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
"I love you." Yeah, I do, engVid watcher, I love you.
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"ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚" ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ engVid ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใƒใƒฃใƒผใ€ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
You are my object, my love goes to you. That's what a transitive verb means,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๅฏพ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€็งใฎๆ„›ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใช
04:12
so the verb has to carry across to an object.
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ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใพใง้‹ใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
While, an interested verb... Intransitive verb doesn't need that. All right?
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉž... ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:21
Well, I'll give you an example in a second because we have a few on the board. But in this case,
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ™ใใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:25
"arise" is an intransitive verb. All right? You don't need to have an object with it.
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ใ€Œariseใ€ใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใคๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:34
Here, I'm going to give you the forms.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
"Arise" is present tense, "arose" is past tense, and
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"Arise" ใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ€ "arose" ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
04:40
when you use the past perfect or present perfect, use "arisen". Okay?
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ใ‚„็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏ "arisen" ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:44
Problems have arisen.
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ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:46
They arose last week. They will arise... And that's a future tense. Okay? Here's an example
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑ่ตทใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™...ใใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎไพ‹
04:52
for you. Pay attention. I'm going to go low, real low.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ไฝŽใใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฝŽใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:56
"A few problems have arisen since I started the project." Okay.
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:02
Let's look at the next word. It looks like "arise" and it's "rise".
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Similar, but a little different.
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ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
"Rise" means to get higher. Look at Mr. E. He's lying down. If you can imagine
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ใ€Œๆ˜‡ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ Eใ•ใ‚“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
I'm lying on a bed, if I rise, I lift myself up and I come to a higher position. So you're
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็งใŒใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ“ใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ ใฆ้ซ˜ใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:21
here and you go higher. Now, "rise" is also an irregular verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจไธŠใซ่กŒใใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œriseใ€ใ‚‚ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:29
See? It's irregular. What do you mean by "irregular"?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:31
Well, remember what I said before? It doesn't follow the
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:34
same grammar rules of adding just an "s" or a "d". In this case, we have "rise", which
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ใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdใ€ใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใฏๅพ“ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใฎใ€Œriseใ€ใ€
05:41
is present tense, "rose", which is past tense, and "risen", which is the perfect tense. Okay?
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎใ€Œroseใ€ใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใฎใ€Œrisenใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:48
To give you in a sentence to help you understand it:
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
05:51
"Please rise for the national anthem."
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ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ใ€Œๅ›ฝๆญŒๆ–‰ๅ”ฑใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ตท็ซ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:54
Huh? Well, there's probably two words you don't know, so let's explain them.
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ใฏ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใŒ2ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:59
"National anthem", a "nation" comes from "nation" or "country".
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ใ€Œๅ›ฝๆญŒใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ›ฝๅฎถใ€ ใฏใ€Œๅ›ฝๅฎถใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ›ฝใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:04
"Anthem" is the song for the country.
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ปใƒ ใ€ใฏๅ›ฝใฎๆญŒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
Most countries have a song that represents their country, so when they go to sporting
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ›ฝใซใฏ่‡ชๅ›ฝใ‚’ไปฃ่กจใ™ใ‚‹ๆญŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„
06:11
events or the Prime Minister or President is in the country, they play this special
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ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€้ฆ–็›ธใ‚„ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ ใŒใใฎๅ›ฝใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆญŒใ‚’ๆผ”ๅฅใ™ใ‚‹
06:16
song and everybody will stand up, and show their respect to their leader or respect for
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ใจใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚Š ใ€ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ่€…ใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅ›ฝใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—
06:22
their country. In Canada, it's called "O Canada".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ›ฝใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ ใงใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒปใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:25
Yeah, very original. Canada. O, Canada! It's
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ใˆใˆใ€้žๅธธใซ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ€‚ ใŠใŠใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€๏ผ
06:30
like we just remembered we live here. Okay, I didn't make it up.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃœใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:33
So, when they say: "Please rise for the national anthem."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ€Œ ๅ›ฝๆญŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ตท็ซ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€‚
06:37
I'm going to go higher. I'm going to get my bum up and stand up:
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจไธŠใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๅฐปใ‚’
06:41
"O Canada", yeah, O Canada, I couldn't figure that out. [Laughs].
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ไธŠใ’ใฆ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ [็ฌ‘ใ†]ใ€‚
06:48
Okay? So we rise,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใก
06:50
we stand for the national anthem or we get higher. And that's what "rise" means.
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ใฏ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ›ฝๆญŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€้ซ˜ใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:55
Now, let's do the last one, which kind of looks funny, because it looks similar, but
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใŒ
06:59
there's a difference, there's an "a", and it's "raise". Now, this one means to get higher,
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ใ€้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€"a" ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ "raise" ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
07:05
but "raise" means to make higher or bring up children. Well, that almost sounds the
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œraiseใ€ใฏ้ซ˜ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
07:10
same. No. To get higher, in this case, when we "rise", you do it.
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ๅŒใ˜ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ€ŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™.
07:16
When you "raise" something, you make something else do it, and that's what I put, bring up children.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไป– ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:21
You can't make children get taller. You raise them, you help them as they get bigger.
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ่บซ้•ทใ‚’ไผธใฐใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:27
So, they are not doing it themselves; you help by giving them food and water, and a place to live. Okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจๆฐดใ€ใใ—ใฆไฝใ‚€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:33
So you're helping make something occur or happen, which is different than you doing
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆ
07:38
it yourself. Well, let's take a look at "raise" then. Funny enough, it's the only regular
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใŠใ‹ใ—ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡
07:44
verb here. It's regular, meaning it follows the rules. Its base form is this, and its
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŽŸๅฝขใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€
07:51
past and its past participle is just add "ed". Easy enough. Easy to remember.
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้ŽๅŽปใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏ ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ถณใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ€‚
07:57
Now, look at this, when you think about rising out of bed, you do it yourself. Right? Example:
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰่ตทใไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™. ๅณ๏ผŸ ไพ‹
08:03
I rise at 6am.
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๏ผšๆœ6ๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:05
I know it's a bit formal, and if you say it, they'll go:
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ …่‹ฆใ—ใ„ใฎใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš
08:08
"Okay, you rise. The rest of us get up."
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ตทใ ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฏ่ตทใใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
08:11
But you rise at 6am. You're saying: "I get myself up out of bed at 6:00."
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅˆๅ‰6ๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏ 6 ๆ™‚ใซใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰่ตทใไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
That's early. But if you "raise" something, you make it happen. What do you mean?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ—ฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€ŒไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†่จ€ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:23
Well, look here: "They raised the price."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏไพกๆ ผใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:25
Trust me, the price didn't wake up one morning and go:
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็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไพกๆ ผใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ่ตทใใฆใ€
08:28
"I'm 1.50. Today 1.75."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ1.50ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ1.75ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:32
It doesn't work like that. Somebody physically went:
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซ่กŒใฃใŸ:
08:35
-"A 1.50, you're now 1.75." -"Okay, I am raised."
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-ใ€ŒA 1.50ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠ 1.75 ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ -ใ€Œๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€็งใฏ่‚ฒใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:40
Somebody moved it. So, "raised" means somebody
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ "raised" ใฏ่ชฐใ‹
08:44
has moved it, "rise" means it does it itself, and "to arise" means to occur. They all have
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ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€"rise" ใฏใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใ€"to raise" ใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ‚Œ
08:49
the similar meaning that things are getting higher, because if you look here, Mr. E goes
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ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚‹
08:54
up the stairs and goes higher; if you look here, somebody raised it, E,
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ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒEใ€EใฎๅŠ›ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸ
09:00
E with the force. "Hiya." Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฒใ‚„ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:04
He raised. And this way, it's like a ghost, E is coming up by himself. Cool?
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ๅฝผใฏไธŠใ’ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ๅนฝ้œŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€EใŒไธ€ไบบใง่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
09:09
So, we've got that under control.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
Let's do the next two. Are you ready? Let's go to the board.
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ๆฌกใฎ2ใคใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:20
Making sure we remember irregular
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใง่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ— ใพใ™
09:22
and intransitive. Good, we did that here. Don't forget, you have to recall it; remember it.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ€‚
09:27
"Lie" versus "lay".
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ใ€Œใ†ใใ€ๅฏพใ€Œใ†ใใ€ใ€‚
09:32
I've been told this is, like, one of the hardest word combinations
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ
09:36
for most people learning a language, simply because... Well, you'll see in a second. They're
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่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
09:41
kind of connected in a way, and they shouldn't be, but this is English. "Lie" means to recline.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใคใชใŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใจใฏๆจชใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:48
Huh? Yeah. Another difficult word. What the heck does "recline" mean? Well, imagine you're
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ใฏ๏ผŸ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใฃใฆใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:55
about to go into bed, you put your leg up on the bed, you sit back, and then you do this.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ถณใ‚’ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใ€ ๅพŒใ‚ใซๅบงใ‚Šใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:03
That's reclining. I'm reclining. I can't recline much more, because I will hit the
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅบŠ ใซใถใคใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
10:08
floor. Okay? But I'm lying down. And then I do this. Ah. [Yawns]. And I go to sleep.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็ง ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ [ใ‚ใใณ]ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใ€‚
10:15
"Reclined" means a flat position. "To recline" means you make yourself recline. I lie on
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ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใจใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใชๅงฟๅ‹ขใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๆจชใซ
10:22
the bed. You should go lie on the bed. Does this sound familiar?
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่žใ่ฆšใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:28
Yeah. Remember we talked about "rise",
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ
10:30
when something rises, it does it itself? Yeah. It does it itself, and you
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
10:35
lie yourself. People cannot make you lie down.
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ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฏใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:38
"I will make you lie down!" No, I will lie down. Okay?
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ใ€Œๅฏใ‹ใ›ใฆใ‚„ใ‚‹๏ผใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆจชใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:42
So, I will make myself go down, I will recline. All right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅ€’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ ็งใฏใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:48
Now, "lie" is an irregular verb. Yeah, I'm sorry, I told you. There were, like, no regular
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:54
ones; just this little puppy over here. That's the problem, because now you have all these
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅญ็Šฌใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใŒๅ•้กŒ
10:58
spelling things you have to remember. But life's not easy, nor is English, but
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่ฆšใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒใ™ในใฆๆƒใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ไบบ็”Ÿใฏๆฅฝใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ—่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚‚่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใ ใ‘ใฉ
11:03
you're tough so let's get back here.
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ๅ›ใฏใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ“ใ“ใซๆˆปใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
11:06
So, "lie", we have "lie", "lay", and "lain". "I have lain.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใ€ ใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใŸ
11:11
I have lain with the princess before." Right. No one says this. Okay? But look, I have a
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๅ‰ใซ็Ž‹ๅฅณใจๆจชใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅณใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใซใฏ
11:18
star, or it's called asterisks like ass, terisks. So, if you can remember that, that'll help
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ๆ˜ŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ใŠๅฐปใ€ใƒ†ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‘ใฐๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Š
11:23
you. Don't slap your butt when you say: "I'm going to put an asterisks here." [Laughs].
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ขใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใซใ€ใŠๅฐปใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ [็ฌ‘ใ†]ใ€‚
11:27
The teachers will go: "Please don't touch yourself." Okay?
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ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŸใกใฏใ€Œ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:30
But I'll come to that in a second, because you'll see there's a second one we have to talk about. So these are the
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
11:35
irregular forms of "lie". Okay? Now, here's an example: "I'm tired. I'm going to lie down."
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ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:42
No one will carry you and put you in the bed; you will physically go over and lie down.
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซ่กŒใใ€ๆจชใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:48
We're cool, right? Yeah. Simple enough. Easy. Here's me, lying on the bed. I am now reclined.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅๅˆ†ใซๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใŒใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็งใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:56
I have a small problem, I am not smiling. I should be smiling. I'm lying down. Okay?
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็งใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
12:04
And I need to lie down, because the rest of this lesson gets a little bit confusing, but
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ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€
12:08
if you pay attention,
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ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใˆใฐ
12:10
[snaps],
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12:10
it will be easy. And that snap does not mean test yet.
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[ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—
] ใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใพใ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:13
Wait. First finish the lesson.
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ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ ใพใšใฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ็ต‚ไบ†ใ€‚
12:16
"Lay".
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"ๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹"ใ€‚
12:18
"Lay", okay.
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใ€ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:20
Uh-oh. I saw "lay" here. Wait, wait. I told you, wait.
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ใˆใˆใจใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅพ…ใฃใฆๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:25
"Lay" means to put down or place something. So, when I lay the pen on my hand, I place it there.
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ใ€Œ็ฝฎใใ€ใจใฏใ€็‰ฉใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€็ฝฎใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซ็ฝฎใใจใใฏใใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:32
Do you remember when I said "rise", you do it yourself? Well, when you lay something,
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็งใŒใ€Œ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•ทใใจใใฏ
12:37
you have to do it with something else. You have to... That's right. Now we're going to
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ— ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„... ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€
12:42
find out it's transitive. Huh? Told you it'd come up. "Transitive" means there's an object.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆŽจ็งป็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃ ใŸใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŽจ็งป็š„ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:48
You have to lay something. Okay? When you lie down, that's it. "I'm going to lie down",
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•ท่จญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฏใพใ™ใ€ใ€
12:54
boom. I don't need anything else; I am the object itself, intransit-... Intransitive.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ซใƒณใ€‚ ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€็งปๅ‹•ไธญ-... ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
12:59
No problem. "Lay" means you are doing something to something else, so you need an object.
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ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ŒLayใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
13:05
I lay my coat on the bed. All right? I lay the glass on the table. I need an object,
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ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎไธŠใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
13:12
something's got to move.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:14
So that's something for you to remember: When you use "lay", there should be something, an object.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆšใˆ ใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œlayใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
13:19
We look here again, and we talked about transitive, but look at irregular. Why did I say "irregular"?
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ— ใŸใŒใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใชใœใ€Œไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:26
You know those are two things here, but here, there's no "e". Remember before, I said with
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ใฏใ€Œeใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ‰ใซใ€
13:32
regular verbs, you either add a "d" or an "ed", and that's how it's regular? In this
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่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€Œdใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œedใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใ“ใฎ
13:38
case, it's "id". Sorry. Once again, it's the English language.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œidใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:44
So, "lay" and "laid". But do you remember we talked about the two axeterisk-...?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ ใ€ไบŒๆœฌใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎ่ฆšใˆใฆใพใ™ใ‹โ€ฆ๏ผŸ
13:49
Astericksss? One, two. And look carefully,
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ใ‚ขใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏ๏ผŸ 1 ใคใ€2 ใคใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ
13:54
you'll see the same word is used in two different places.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใŒ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:57
"But James, they're totally different verbs." Yeah. Here's why:
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™
14:02
In this case, "lay" is the past of "lie". Okay?
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ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ใฏ ใ€Œlieใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:07
"He lay on the bed for hours", it's the past of "lie".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
14:11
In this case, it's a verb by itself.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:15
Don't ask me why.
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็†็”ฑใ‚’่žใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:18
I would love to explain to you why this happened, who did it. There's some guy
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ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎ็”ทใŒใ„
14:22
right now, he's dead, he's laughing his ass off. You remember the ass thing? He's like:
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ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏๆญปใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏใŠๅฐปใ‚’็ฌ‘ใ„้ฃ›ใฐใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๅฐปใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
14:26
"[Laughs].
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ใ€Œ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใ€‚
14:27
'Lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay'",
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'Lay' ใฏ 'lay'ใ€'lay' ใฏ 'lay'ใ€'lay' ใฏ 'lay' ใงใ™ใ€ใ€
14:30
knowing that you're coming to Canada, going:
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:33
"I lay on the bed. Is this right?
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. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
14:37
And I lay the pen down. Why? I don't understand.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒšใƒณใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸ. ใชใœ? ็งใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“.
14:40
You tell me I do, now the pen does. I am so confused."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ, ไปŠใƒšใƒณใฏ. ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
14:44
Yeah, I know. So take a breath, and just remember simply:
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏใ‚’ๅธใฃใฆใ€ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:52
"Lay" is used twice. When we talk about "lie",
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ใ€ŒLayใ€ใฏ 2 ๅ›žไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€
14:55
it is the past. Okay? Of "lie", "lay".
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ†ใใ€ใฎใ€Œใ†ใใ€ใ€‚
14:59
But "lay" is a verb by itself that has its own
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ ใฏใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•่ฉž
15:02
meaning, and the meaning is completely different. If you are moving a thing and putting it or
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆ
15:09
placing it somewhere else, you must use "lay".
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็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:14
Clear. If you are doing it by yourself, like
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใ€‚
15:18
going to bed and lying down, you use "lie".
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ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:21
And you use "lay" only in the past tense.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:24
Sorry, folks, this is something you have to remember and understand, because there's no
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆšใˆใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
15:30
real... There's no real rule why. It's just that's the way it is. Okay?
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.ใชใœใชใ‚‰ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใŸใ ใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:35
If it helps at all: "Lay" is transitive, and I've explained you must make something else, and you must
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐ: "Lay" ใฏไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
15:41
mention the object. So if there are two things, use "lay": "I lay the pen on the bed."
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€Œlayใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎไธŠใซใƒšใƒณใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:48
or "She lay her blouse on the grass." Okay?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ฆใ‚น ใ‚’่‰ใฎไธŠใซ็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:55
"Lie" is just for you, intransitive. "Go lie down."
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ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ ใ‘ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆจชใซใชใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
15:59
You don't need to say anything else. All right? Now,
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ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆ
16:04
the examples, of course.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:06
I did: "I'm tired. I'm going to lay down", here, or "lie down".
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I did: ใ€Œ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
16:10
Now, when we talk about "lay", here: "Please lay the book on the table."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซๆœฌใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:13
And you'll notice here, I use "lay", okay. We got "book", we got "table".
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ไป˜ใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใ€Œlayใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:19
Subject... Well, not subject. You are the subject, here. Right?
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ไปถๅ...ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไปถๅใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฏพ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
16:23
You're not talking about you, you're not here, but: "Please lay the book on the table."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซๆœฌใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
16:26
We're talking about the book which receives the action.
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ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆœฌใฎ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:29
Okay? Those are the two things. You're the subject and "book". Here:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ2ใคใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธป้กŒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ๏ผš
16:34
"I'm going to lie down." With what? With where? With whom? Doesn't matter. Just me. Cool? All right.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ๏ผŸ ใฉใ“ใง๏ผŸ ่ชฐใจ๏ผŸ ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใ ใ‘ใ€‚ ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:41
It's time for the quiz.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:42
Ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
16:44
[Snaps].
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[ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—]ใ€‚
16:45
Okay. Listen, there are a couple of things I lied to you about. "Hmm? You're not reclining."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็ง ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚“๏ผŸใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€
16:52
No, I'm not reclining, because I want to teach you another meaning for "lie" that you may
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
16:57
not be aware of or you may not know.
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.
17:01
"Lie" has two meanings. The first one we talked
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ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใซใฏ2ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎ
17:04
about, lie down, recline, go back. The second is to not tell the truth. This means what
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ใฏใ€ๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ€ใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใ€ๆˆปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ 2ใค็›ฎ ใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
17:12
I'm saying to you is not real. I'll give you an example. Look at me now. Okay. Close your eyes.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ไปŠ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็›ฎใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆใ€‚
17:19
Open them. I am now a seven-foot tall, blonde hair, blue-eyed NBA basketball star.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้–‹ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใ€่บซ้•ท 7 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใ€ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ้ซชใ€้’ใ„็›ฎใฎ NBA ใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
17:28
Yeah, it's not true. You can tell that, right? Yeah.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:31
I lied to you. I didn't tell you the truth. I told you something that is not real.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ†ใใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:37
So, you have to be careful and listen to the
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆณจๆ„ ใ—ใฆๆ–‡่„ˆใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
17:39
context, because in the context of someone is lying to you... "Lie" can be a noun or
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏ... ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
17:46
a verb. Right? It means not telling the truth.
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ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ชžใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:50
"He's lying to you. Don't believe him." Verb.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
17:53
"He told me a lie." I used an article before the word "lie".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅ‰ใซๅ† ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:59
So just watch out for that
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ใใฎ
18:00
by listening to the context. If I say: "If you're tired, you need to go lie down",
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่žใ„ใฆๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ€Œ ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ๆจชใซใชใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
18:06
recline.
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ใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:09
"You're not tired, stop lying to me." or:
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ็งใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผš
18:12
"You told me a lie when you said you were tired."
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ใ€Œ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
18:15
context means: Hey, don't sleep, tell the truth. Cool? All right.
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ: ใญใ‡ใ€ๅฏใชใ„ใงใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€‚ ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:22
Let's look at "raise", which is another word with two meanings that, you know... This one
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ใ€Œraiseใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅˆฅ
18:27
is funny, it's kind of related, but not. But pay attention, because once again, context
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ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—
18:31
and in this case, especially an article, will help you. "Raise" makes... Means to make something
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใจใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ็‰นใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใŸใ‚ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ŒRaiseใ€ใฏใƒปใƒปใƒปไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ซ˜ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
18:37
go higher. We discussed that, so you know.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃ ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:40
If someone said: "I got a raise", it means
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็ง ใฏๆ˜‡็ตฆใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
18:43
an increase in pay. So, if you're making, say, $10 an hour, you might make $12. Your
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ™‚็ตฆ 10 ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€12 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
18:49
pay has been increased. Somebody has made something go higher, your pay. But in this
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็ตฆๆ–™ใฏไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ซ˜ใใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตฆๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ
18:55
case, it's a noun. So when your friend goes:
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ
18:57
"Hey, I got a raise at work. I can afford the new car."
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ใ€Œใญใˆใ€็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใงๆ˜‡็ตฆใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€‚
19:00
nobody put them in the chair and lifted them higher; they gave them more
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ้ซ˜ใๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
19:03
money. Okay? So listen for that article, and you'll know it's not the verb usage. Are we good?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่žใ‘ใฐใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็”จๆณ•ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:09
Those are some helpful hints. Now it's time for our quiz. All right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:14
We're going to do this one to make sure you're ready for the big quiz. See how strong you are.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅคงใใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅผทใ„ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:20
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:23
"Some questions about the new rules __________ (arose/raised) in the meeting."
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ใ€Œไผš่ญฐใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒซใƒผใƒซ__________ใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใคใ‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
19:29
Which one do you think it would be?
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ใฉใ‚Œ ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:37
Well, something happened at the meeting. Right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไผš่ญฐใงไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃ ใŸใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
19:41
Something came up. And we remember when something comes up or happened, we should use "arose".
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒ่ตทใใŸใ‚Š่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใจใใซใ€ใ€Œ่ตทใใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:48
And I don't mean the kiss... The kiss. The Seal song,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ญใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ... ใ‚ญใ‚นใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ถใƒฉใ‚ทใฎๆญŒใ€
19:51
[Sings a tune].
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ใ€Sings a tuneใ€‘ใ€‚
19:56
Batman fan, anyone?
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ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:58
I'm wearing the cuffs. Anyway. Seriously though, I'm wearing Batman cuffs.
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่ข–ๅฃใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚ ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ ใ€็งใฏใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใฎ่ข–ๅฃใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
20:03
Yeah. Some of you have watched my videos before, and you'll go: "He's a freak."
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ ใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:07
[Laughs]. Other people,
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[็ฌ‘ใ†]ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไบบใฏใ€
20:09
yeah, get used to me. Okay, so "arose".
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ตทใใŸใ€ใ€‚
20:12
Let's look at the next one:
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
20:14
"They __________ (lay) the blanket on the floor.
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ใ€‚
20:18
They __________ (lie) the blanket on the floor."
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20:20
Which one?
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ใฉใ‚Œ๏ผŸ
20:26
Okay, they "lay".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ŒๆจชใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
20:29
Remember we talked about "lie" is when you recline, and "lay"
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ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ ใจใฏใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใ€
20:33
is when you place something? Well, they're putting the blanket... See when I changed
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ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™...
20:37
the word to "put", I can put "placing", I can say "lay".
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€Œ็ฝฎใใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ใ€Œ็ฝฎใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:41
So: "They lay the blanket on the floor." Cool.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏๅบŠใซๆฏ›ๅธƒใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
20:47
Let's do number three. What do you think? Will it be "rise" or "raise"?
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3็•ชใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚ใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ€Œใ‚ใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ€‚
20:53
"I got a __________ (rise/raise) last week."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€__________ (ไธŠๆ˜‡/ไธŠๆ˜‡) ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
20:56
"Rise" or "raise"?
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ใ€ŒไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ€ŒไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:03
If you were listening to
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆ
21:04
me carefully, I said: "Look out for those articles."
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ใ„ใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
21:07
So was it a pay rise?
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ใใ‚Œใงๆ˜‡็ตฆใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
21:10
No. It was a pay "raise". You got more money, congratulations.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ˜‡็ตฆใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒ ๅข—ใˆใพใ—ใŸใญใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:16
I want some.
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็งใฏๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚
21:17
[Laughs]. Okay.
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[็ฌ‘ใ†]ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
21:19
And now, last but not least:
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
21:22
"Please __________ (raise/rise) your hand if you have a question."
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ใ€Œ ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ‰‹ใ‚’__________๏ผˆไธŠใ’ใ‚‹/ไธŠใ’ใฆ๏ผ‰ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€.
21:27
Would it be: "Raise your hand" or "Rise your hand"?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:36
Hmm. That's good.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
21:39
But actually it's this one,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
21:42
"raise", because you're going to
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใ‚บใ€
21:44
make your hand go higher. Good try, though. Three out of four. And some of you I know
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ 4ใคใฎใ†ใก3ใคใ€‚ ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
21:49
got four out of four, congratulations.
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ใ€‚
21:51
But, you know, if you want to work this a little bit more, watch the video again. Or
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
21:56
we can go and do the big boy quiz. Big person quiz, sorry. 21st century.
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ใ€ใƒ“ใƒƒใ‚ฐใƒœใƒผใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคง็‰ฉใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ 21ไธ–็ด€ใ€‚
22:00
The big person quiz at where? Well,
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ๅคงใใ„ไบบใฏใฉใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€
22:03
www.eng as in English...
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www.engใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง...
22:08
I always get that wrong. I don't know, for you guys, it's eng as in English,
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ engใ€
22:11
v, vid as in video.com (www.engvid.com),
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vใ€video.com (www.engvid.com) ใงใฏ vid
22:14
where there's the larger quiz and other videos you can watch. Once again, don't forget to subscribe
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅคงใใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใง
22:22
somewhere here, and thank you.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:26
It's always a pleasure helping you, and we look forward to your questions,
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠไธ–่ฉฑใซใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”่ณชๅ•ใ€
22:29
comments, compliments, mm, concerns. I'm good to say that?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€ใŠ่ค’ใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใ”ๅฟƒ้…ใ‚’ใŠๅพ…ใกใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:35
And I'll see you soon, okay?
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ใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:36
Do the quiz.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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