Confusing English: LIE or LAY? RAISE, RISE, or ARISE?

Good morning.

Hmm. Sorry.

James from engVid. That probably raises a few questions for you.

"Why did he say: 'Good morning', when it could be any time in the world?"

Yeah. Well, I'm going to help you today, because

that is a common word that we use in English, but there

are some other words that are similar that many people make a mistake with.

And I'm going to help you learn them today.

That's "raise", "rise", "arise", "lay", and "lie".

Now, quick story: When I first heard this 10 years ago, I was teaching and a teacher

asked me: "James, why do we raise or why do we rise?" And I didn't know. I honestly didn't

know. Of course I know what... When to use them, but my problem was we just know because

we've been taught, but no one actually sits you down and said:

"The exact difference is this." So I had to study it.

And today I'm going to help you not make the mistake I made,

by knowing what it is and how to use it, or use them, because we have five words.

Let's go to the board.

Do I raise my hand or rise my hand?

Tough question if you don't know the differences between them.

And I'm hoping this lesson will help you. In fact,

by the time we're done, you should master this and be more fluent in your English use.

First one: "arise".

If you ever watched any sci-... Scientific movie, sci-fi movie, there

is some dead creature and some crazy magician or scientist goes: "Arise!"

Well, we don't quite use it like that in English; we use it a little differently. When we talk about

"arise", we mean something has occurred or something has happened.

"A few things arose when you were away on vacation."

That means things happened or occurred. Another way of

saying it is: "come up". If you look at Mr. E at the bottom of the stairs, Mr. E 2 says:

"Hey, come here." And he goes up the stairs, so something has come up.

Hey, listen, there's a couple of things that I said arose or have arisen,

things have come up or occurred that

have happened and I want to talk about them. Okay? Cool. That's "arise".

Now, one other thing about "arise"... Let's just talk about it for a second.

"Arise" is an irregular verb.

Irregular verb? Well, most verbs follow a simple pattern; you add "ed"

or add "d" to the end is past tense, there's a base form, and then there's the past participle

form. And, you know, looks like "ed", "ed", and regular form. Easy. Irregular verbs means

they don't follow that rule, so you have to change it. And unfortunately, there's no way

for me to teach you and say: "With every irregular verb, you must do this." They're irregular

because different ones look different ways. Sorry. But I'm going to help you by putting

it here, and you can also go and study the charts for irregular verbs. Okay? I believe

we have some on our engVid tools you can use or resources.

So, "arise", as I said, "come up", is an irregular verb; it doesn't follow the regular rules.

So you're going to have to pay attention when I show you how it's spelt. The second thing

I have here is intransitive. I spelt it over here for you, but intransitive.

"Intransitive", well, "trans" in English... Or, sorry. Latin means across.

It means it goes from one place to another.

An intransitive verb means it doesn't take a direct object. Huh?

Well, here's the example of transitive verb: "I love".

If you're sitting there, you're probably thinking

to yourself: "You love what? Ice cream? Football? Your mother? Your shoes?" Well, with a transitive

verb, it takes an object or a direct object, meaning it has an effect on something else.

"I love you." Yeah, I do, engVid watcher, I love you.

You are my object, my love goes to you. That's what a transitive verb means,

so the verb has to carry across to an object.

While, an interested verb... Intransitive verb doesn't need that. All right?

Well, I'll give you an example in a second because we have a few on the board. But in this case,

"arise" is an intransitive verb. All right? You don't need to have an object with it.

Okay?

Here, I'm going to give you the forms.

"Arise" is present tense, "arose" is past tense, and

when you use the past perfect or present perfect, use "arisen". Okay?

Problems have arisen.

They arose last week. They will arise... And that's a future tense. Okay? Here's an example

for you. Pay attention. I'm going to go low, real low.

"A few problems have arisen since I started the project." Okay.

Let's look at the next word. It looks like "arise" and it's "rise".

Similar, but a little different.

"Rise" means to get higher. Look at Mr. E. He's lying down. If you can imagine

I'm lying on a bed, if I rise, I lift myself up and I come to a higher position. So you're

here and you go higher. Now, "rise" is also an irregular verb.

See? It's irregular. What do you mean by "irregular"?

Well, remember what I said before? It doesn't follow the

same grammar rules of adding just an "s" or a "d". In this case, we have "rise", which

is present tense, "rose", which is past tense, and "risen", which is the perfect tense. Okay?

To give you in a sentence to help you understand it:

"Please rise for the national anthem."

Huh? Well, there's probably two words you don't know, so let's explain them.

"National anthem", a "nation" comes from "nation" or "country".

"Anthem" is the song for the country.

Most countries have a song that represents their country, so when they go to sporting

events or the Prime Minister or President is in the country, they play this special

song and everybody will stand up, and show their respect to their leader or respect for

their country. In Canada, it's called "O Canada".

Yeah, very original. Canada. O, Canada! It's

like we just remembered we live here. Okay, I didn't make it up.

So, when they say: "Please rise for the national anthem."

I'm going to go higher. I'm going to get my bum up and stand up:

"O Canada", yeah, O Canada, I couldn't figure that out. [Laughs].

Okay? So we rise,

we stand for the national anthem or we get higher. And that's what "rise" means.

Now, let's do the last one, which kind of looks funny, because it looks similar, but

there's a difference, there's an "a", and it's "raise". Now, this one means to get higher,

but "raise" means to make higher or bring up children. Well, that almost sounds the

same. No. To get higher, in this case, when we "rise", you do it.

When you "raise" something, you make something else do it, and that's what I put, bring up children.

You can't make children get taller. You raise them, you help them as they get bigger.

So, they are not doing it themselves; you help by giving them food and water, and a place to live. Okay?

So you're helping make something occur or happen, which is different than you doing

it yourself. Well, let's take a look at "raise" then. Funny enough, it's the only regular

verb here. It's regular, meaning it follows the rules. Its base form is this, and its

past and its past participle is just add "ed". Easy enough. Easy to remember.

Now, look at this, when you think about rising out of bed, you do it yourself. Right? Example:

I rise at 6am.

I know it's a bit formal, and if you say it, they'll go:

"Okay, you rise. The rest of us get up."

But you rise at 6am. You're saying: "I get myself up out of bed at 6:00."

That's early. But if you "raise" something, you make it happen. What do you mean?

Well, look here: "They raised the price."

Trust me, the price didn't wake up one morning and go:

"I'm 1.50. Today 1.75."

It doesn't work like that. Somebody physically went:

-"A 1.50, you're now 1.75." -"Okay, I am raised."

Somebody moved it. So, "raised" means somebody

has moved it, "rise" means it does it itself, and "to arise" means to occur. They all have

the similar meaning that things are getting higher, because if you look here, Mr. E goes

up the stairs and goes higher; if you look here, somebody raised it, E,

E with the force. "Hiya." Okay?

He raised. And this way, it's like a ghost, E is coming up by himself. Cool?

So, we've got that under control.

Let's do the next two. Are you ready? Let's go to the board.

Making sure we remember irregular

and intransitive. Good, we did that here. Don't forget, you have to recall it; remember it.

"Lie" versus "lay".

I've been told this is, like, one of the hardest word combinations

for most people learning a language, simply because... Well, you'll see in a second. They're

kind of connected in a way, and they shouldn't be, but this is English. "Lie" means to recline.

Huh? Yeah. Another difficult word. What the heck does "recline" mean? Well, imagine you're

about to go into bed, you put your leg up on the bed, you sit back, and then you do this.

That's reclining. I'm reclining. I can't recline much more, because I will hit the

floor. Okay? But I'm lying down. And then I do this. Ah. [Yawns]. And I go to sleep.

"Reclined" means a flat position. "To recline" means you make yourself recline. I lie on

the bed. You should go lie on the bed. Does this sound familiar?

Yeah. Remember we talked about "rise",

when something rises, it does it itself? Yeah. It does it itself, and you

lie yourself. People cannot make you lie down.

"I will make you lie down!" No, I will lie down. Okay?

So, I will make myself go down, I will recline. All right?

Now, "lie" is an irregular verb. Yeah, I'm sorry, I told you. There were, like, no regular

ones; just this little puppy over here. That's the problem, because now you have all these

spelling things you have to remember. But life's not easy, nor is English, but

you're tough so let's get back here.

So, "lie", we have "lie", "lay", and "lain". "I have lain.

I have lain with the princess before." Right. No one says this. Okay? But look, I have a

star, or it's called asterisks like ass, terisks. So, if you can remember that, that'll help

you. Don't slap your butt when you say: "I'm going to put an asterisks here." [Laughs].

The teachers will go: "Please don't touch yourself." Okay?

But I'll come to that in a second, because you'll see there's a second one we have to talk about. So these are the

irregular forms of "lie". Okay? Now, here's an example: "I'm tired. I'm going to lie down."

No one will carry you and put you in the bed; you will physically go over and lie down.

We're cool, right? Yeah. Simple enough. Easy. Here's me, lying on the bed. I am now reclined.

I have a small problem, I am not smiling. I should be smiling. I'm lying down. Okay?

And I need to lie down, because the rest of this lesson gets a little bit confusing, but

if you pay attention,

[snaps],

it will be easy. And that snap does not mean test yet.

Wait. First finish the lesson.

"Lay".

"Lay", okay.

Uh-oh. I saw "lay" here. Wait, wait. I told you, wait.

"Lay" means to put down or place something. So, when I lay the pen on my hand, I place it there.

Do you remember when I said "rise", you do it yourself? Well, when you lay something,

you have to do it with something else. You have to... That's right. Now we're going to

find out it's transitive. Huh? Told you it'd come up. "Transitive" means there's an object.

You have to lay something. Okay? When you lie down, that's it. "I'm going to lie down",

boom. I don't need anything else; I am the object itself, intransit-... Intransitive.

No problem. "Lay" means you are doing something to something else, so you need an object.

I lay my coat on the bed. All right? I lay the glass on the table. I need an object,

something's got to move.

So that's something for you to remember: When you use "lay", there should be something, an object.

We look here again, and we talked about transitive, but look at irregular. Why did I say "irregular"?

You know those are two things here, but here, there's no "e". Remember before, I said with

regular verbs, you either add a "d" or an "ed", and that's how it's regular? In this

case, it's "id". Sorry. Once again, it's the English language.

So, "lay" and "laid". But do you remember we talked about the two axeterisk-...?

Astericksss? One, two. And look carefully,

you'll see the same word is used in two different places.

"But James, they're totally different verbs." Yeah. Here's why:

In this case, "lay" is the past of "lie". Okay?

"He lay on the bed for hours", it's the past of "lie".

In this case, it's a verb by itself.

Don't ask me why.

I would love to explain to you why this happened, who did it. There's some guy

right now, he's dead, he's laughing his ass off. You remember the ass thing? He's like:

"[Laughs].

'Lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay'",

knowing that you're coming to Canada, going:

"I lay on the bed. Is this right?

And I lay the pen down. Why? I don't understand.

You tell me I do, now the pen does. I am so confused."

Yeah, I know. So take a breath, and just remember simply:

"Lay" is used twice. When we talk about "lie",

it is the past. Okay? Of "lie", "lay".

But "lay" is a verb by itself that has its own

meaning, and the meaning is completely different. If you are moving a thing and putting it or

placing it somewhere else, you must use "lay".

Clear. If you are doing it by yourself, like

going to bed and lying down, you use "lie".

And you use "lay" only in the past tense.

Sorry, folks, this is something you have to remember and understand, because there's no

real... There's no real rule why. It's just that's the way it is. Okay?

If it helps at all: "Lay" is transitive, and I've explained you must make something else, and you must

mention the object. So if there are two things, use "lay": "I lay the pen on the bed."

or "She lay her blouse on the grass." Okay?

"Lie" is just for you, intransitive. "Go lie down."

You don't need to say anything else. All right? Now,

the examples, of course.

I did: "I'm tired. I'm going to lay down", here, or "lie down".

Now, when we talk about "lay", here: "Please lay the book on the table."

And you'll notice here, I use "lay", okay. We got "book", we got "table".

Subject... Well, not subject. You are the subject, here. Right?

You're not talking about you, you're not here, but: "Please lay the book on the table."

We're talking about the book which receives the action.

Okay? Those are the two things. You're the subject and "book". Here:

"I'm going to lie down." With what? With where? With whom? Doesn't matter. Just me. Cool? All right.

It's time for the quiz.

Ready?

[Snaps].

Okay. Listen, there are a couple of things I lied to you about. "Hmm? You're not reclining."

No, I'm not reclining, because I want to teach you another meaning for "lie" that you may

not be aware of or you may not know.

"Lie" has two meanings. The first one we talked

about, lie down, recline, go back. The second is to not tell the truth. This means what

I'm saying to you is not real. I'll give you an example. Look at me now. Okay. Close your eyes.

Open them. I am now a seven-foot tall, blonde hair, blue-eyed NBA basketball star.

Yeah, it's not true. You can tell that, right? Yeah.

I lied to you. I didn't tell you the truth. I told you something that is not real.

So, you have to be careful and listen to the

context, because in the context of someone is lying to you... "Lie" can be a noun or

a verb. Right? It means not telling the truth.

"He's lying to you. Don't believe him." Verb.

"He told me a lie." I used an article before the word "lie".

So just watch out for that

by listening to the context. If I say: "If you're tired, you need to go lie down",

recline.

"You're not tired, stop lying to me." or:

"You told me a lie when you said you were tired."

context means: Hey, don't sleep, tell the truth. Cool? All right.

Let's look at "raise", which is another word with two meanings that, you know... This one

is funny, it's kind of related, but not. But pay attention, because once again, context

and in this case, especially an article, will help you. "Raise" makes... Means to make something

go higher. We discussed that, so you know.

If someone said: "I got a raise", it means

an increase in pay. So, if you're making, say, $10 an hour, you might make $12. Your

pay has been increased. Somebody has made something go higher, your pay. But in this

case, it's a noun. So when your friend goes:

"Hey, I got a raise at work. I can afford the new car."

nobody put them in the chair and lifted them higher; they gave them more

money. Okay? So listen for that article, and you'll know it's not the verb usage. Are we good?

Those are some helpful hints. Now it's time for our quiz. All right?

We're going to do this one to make sure you're ready for the big quiz. See how strong you are.

Let's go to the board.

"Some questions about the new rules __________ (arose/raised) in the meeting."

Which one do you think it would be?

Well, something happened at the meeting. Right?

Something came up. And we remember when something comes up or happened, we should use "arose".

And I don't mean the kiss... The kiss. The Seal song,

[Sings a tune].

Batman fan, anyone?

I'm wearing the cuffs. Anyway. Seriously though, I'm wearing Batman cuffs.

Yeah. Some of you have watched my videos before, and you'll go: "He's a freak."

[Laughs]. Other people,

yeah, get used to me. Okay, so "arose".

Let's look at the next one:

"They __________ (lay) the blanket on the floor.

They __________ (lie) the blanket on the floor."

Which one?

Okay, they "lay".

Remember we talked about "lie" is when you recline, and "lay"

is when you place something? Well, they're putting the blanket... See when I changed

the word to "put", I can put "placing", I can say "lay".

So: "They lay the blanket on the floor." Cool.

Let's do number three. What do you think? Will it be "rise" or "raise"?

"I got a __________ (rise/raise) last week."

"Rise" or "raise"?

If you were listening to

me carefully, I said: "Look out for those articles."

So was it a pay rise?

No. It was a pay "raise". You got more money, congratulations.

I want some.

[Laughs]. Okay.

And now, last but not least:

"Please __________ (raise/rise) your hand if you have a question."

Would it be: "Raise your hand" or "Rise your hand"?

Hmm. That's good.

But actually it's this one,

"raise", because you're going to

make your hand go higher. Good try, though. Three out of four. And some of you I know

got four out of four, congratulations.

But, you know, if you want to work this a little bit more, watch the video again. Or

we can go and do the big boy quiz. Big person quiz, sorry. 21st century.

The big person quiz at where? Well,

www.eng as in English...

I always get that wrong. I don't know, for you guys, it's eng as in English,

v, vid as in video.com (www.engvid.com),

where there's the larger quiz and other videos you can watch. Once again, don't forget to subscribe

somewhere here, and thank you.

It's always a pleasure helping you, and we look forward to your questions,

comments, compliments, mm, concerns. I'm good to say that?

And I'll see you soon, okay?

Do the quiz.